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1.
《饲料工业》2015,(12)
试验旨在研究酵母提取物(yeast extract,YE)部分或全部替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉(spray-dried plasma protein,SDPP)对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻指数的影响。试验选用160头体重[(8.32±0.50)kg]和日龄[(30±2)d]相近的PIC断奶仔猪。采用单因子完全随机试验设计,分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复8头仔猪,分别饲喂基础日粮(处理1)、含3%SDPP的日粮(处理2)、含1.5%SDPP+1.5%YE的日粮(处理3),含3%YE的日粮(处理4)。试验期14 d,所有仔猪自由采食和饮水。结果表明:试验第1周,饲喂含1.5%SDPP+1.5%YE日粮的仔猪平均日采食量(average dai-ly feed intake,ADFI)显著高于对照组仔猪(15%,P0.05),平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG)显著高于对照组和3%SDPP组仔猪(12%~22%,P0.05);料肉比(the ratio of feed to body weight gain,F/G)显著低于对照组和3%SDPP组仔猪(6%~8%,P0.05)。试验全期,饲喂含1.5%SDPP+1.5%YE日粮的仔猪ADFI和ADG显著高于对照组和3%YE组仔猪(P0.05),且料肉比显著低于对照组和3%SDPP组仔猪(5%~6%,P0.05);同时,3%YE组仔猪ADFI和ADG与对照组及3%SDPP组仔猪差异不显著。因此,本试验条件下,采用3%酵母提取物替代3%喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉并不会影响仔猪生长性能,且部分替代喷雾干燥血浆蛋白粉有改善仔猪采食量、日增重和料肉比的效果。 相似文献
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酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
试验考察了酵母提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响.试验选用21日龄断奶仔猪80头,随机分为对照组和试验组两个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复1栏,每栏10头.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中额外添加0.5%啤酒酵母提取物,饲喂期28 d.结果显示,日粮中额外添加酵母提取物试验组显著提高了断奶仔猪平均日增重(ADG)(P<0.05),同时平均日采食量(ADFI)有明显的提高趋势.与对照组相比,添加酵母提取物试验组ADG和ADFI分别提高11.98%和5.85%,同时仔猪腹泻率降低了40.10%,仔猪料肉比(F/G)降低5.40%.试验结果表明,饲粮中额外添加0.5%酵母提取物能够增加断奶仔猪采食量,提高生长性能. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究甘草提取物、乳酸菌及其联合添加对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、营养物质表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响。选取健康状况良好的1日龄雄性良凤花肉鸡420只，随机分为4组，每组7个重复，每个重复15只。4组试验鸡分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.1%甘草提取物(甘草组)、基础饲粮+4.5×107CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌(乳酸菌组)和基础饲粮+0.1%甘草提取物+4.5×107CFU/g嗜酸乳杆菌(联合组)。试验期84 d。结果显示：1)与对照组相比，甘草组和乳酸菌组肉鸡56和84日龄体重显著增加(P<0.05),57～84日龄平均日增重(ADG)显著提高、料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)；甘草组和联合组肉鸡29～56日龄及57～84日龄平均日采食量(ADFI)显著提高(P<0.05)。联合组肉鸡56和84日龄体重、57～84日龄ADG和ADFI及1～84日龄ADFI显著高于甘草组和乳酸菌组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比，甘草组、乳酸菌组及联合组肉鸡全净膛率显著提高(P<0.05)，腹脂率显... 相似文献
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本试验选用300只1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为5个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验前期(1～21d)5个处理分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+50mg/kg金霉素和含有0.5%、2.5%、5.0%血浆蛋白粉(SDPP)日粮,试验后期(22～49d)各处理组均饲喂基础日粮。结果表明,添加0.5%SDPP极显著提高前期平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.01);SDPP显著提高后期和全期ADG和ADFI,但后期和全期各处理间F/G差异不显著(P>0.05);0.5%SDPP组肉鸡全期的生产成绩高于2.5%和5.0%SDPP组(P>0.05)。血浆蛋白粉可提高Ea、Et、脾脏指数和胸腺指数(P>0.05);2.5%、5.0%SDPP组淋巴细胞转化率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),0.5%SDPP组淋巴细胞转化率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);2.5%SDPP组的法氏囊指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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不同能量水平饲粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血清生化指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探究不同能量水平饲粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血清生化指标的影响。选用350只1日龄爱拔益加健康公雏,随机分为5个组,分别为:Ⅰ组(基础饲粮,对照组)、Ⅱ组(基础饲粮+0.5%白酒糟酵母培养物)、Ⅲ组(基础饲粮+1.0%白酒糟酵母培养物)、Ⅳ组(基础饲粮降低0.21 MJ/kg代谢能+0.5%白酒糟酵母培养物)和Ⅴ组(基础饲粮降低0.42 MJ/kg代谢能+1.0%白酒糟酵母培养物),每组7个重复,每个重复10只鸡。试验期42 d。结果显示:1)21日龄肉仔鸡平均体重以对照组最低,其他各组略有升高,Ⅲ组升高趋势明显(P0.10)。与对照组相比,Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉仔鸡22~42日龄料重比有所改善(P0.10),Ⅱ组料重比在1~42日龄低于对照组(P0.05)。2)与对照组比,Ⅳ组肉仔鸡21日龄腹脂率显著降低(P0.05),Ⅴ组肉仔鸡腹脂率在21日龄和42日龄有降低的趋势(P0.05)。3)饲粮添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿酸、肌酐、钙和磷含量影响均不显著(P0.05)。4)21日龄时,对照组肉仔鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性最低,且显著低于Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组(P0.05);各试验组肉仔鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组肉仔鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P0.05)。42日龄时,各试验组肉仔鸡血清T-AOC均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上,不同能量水平饲粮中添加0.05%~0.10%白酒糟酵母培养物可提高肉仔鸡体增重,改善料重比,降低腹脂率,提高血清抗氧化能力。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合酶对生长肥育猪生长、胴体性状及部分肉品质的影响。试验选择60头日龄、胎次相近,体重在60 kg左右的杜×大×长三元肉猪,随机分成对照组、复合酶Ⅰ组、复合酶Ⅱ组及阳性对照组,每组15头。试验期为58 d,在相同饲养管理条件下,对照组饲喂基础日粮,复合酶Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+1.0‰复合酶,复合酶Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+2.0‰复合酶,阳性对照组饲喂基础日粮+0.2‰酶制剂。试验表明:①生长性能方面,复合酶Ⅰ组试末均重(BW)、平均日增重(ADG)显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著低于其它各组(P<0.05),BW、ADG比对照组分别提高了4.9%、12.45%,F/G降低了11.2%;②胴体性状方面,各组间屠宰率、胴体重、胴体长、皮率及骨率差异不显著(P>0.05);复合酶Ⅰ组的背膘厚显著低于对照组(P<0.05)、瘦肉率显著高于对照组和阳性对照组(P<0.05),皮厚、板油重及肥肉率略低于对照组(P>0.05)),眼肌面积略高于对照组(P>0.05);③肉品质方面,各组间肉的pH值、L*值及a*值差异不显著(P>0.05),但与对照组相比,复合酶Ⅰ组有提高的趋势;复合酶Ⅰ组肉的失水率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),大理石纹评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果表明,日粮中添加复合酶可改善生长肥育猪的生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质,以1.0‰添加效果最好。 相似文献
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添加粗酶制剂对肉雏鸡生产性能及消化道相对重量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用96羽7日龄AA肉鸡,随机均分为玉米基础日粮对照组(CS);玉米基础日粮+0.1%Avizyme-1500酶制剂组(CE);玉米基础日粮+0.1%配合酶制剂组(CE1);玉米基础日粮+0.5%配合酶制剂组(CE2);试验期21d。结果表明7～28日龄肉鸡增重CE、CE1、CE2组分别提高5.87%(P<0.05),2.20%,8.54%(P<0.01);采食量除CE组略比CS组高外,其余2组CE1、CE2分别比对照组低2.64%和1.89%;料重比CE、CE1、CE2比CS组分别降低5.42%(P<0.05),4.87%和10.58%(P<0.05);消化道相对重量CE、CE1、CE2分别比CS组降低11.7%(P<0.01)、0.32%和6.57%(P<0.05)。 相似文献
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饲用酶制剂能提高断奶仔猪的生长性能,本试验通过在降低3%和5%营养水平的玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加"英恒"饲用酶制剂0.1%和0.08%,探讨其对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响,试验表明:降低3%营养水平+0.08%酶制剂组的平均日增重比对照组提高2.47%(P>0.05),料肉比降低6.99%(P<0.05);降低5%营养水平+0.08%酶制剂组的平均日增重比对照组提高1.51%,料肉比降低4.49%(P>0.05);降低5%或3%营养水平添加0.1%酶制剂对断奶仔猪的增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但均能显著降低料肉比(P<0.05)。加酶各组的经济效益都有所提高,降低3%营养水平+0.08%的酶制剂和降低3%营养水平+0.1%的酶制剂同对照组相比经济效益都提高了8.26%。 相似文献
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为研究蝇蛆蛋白替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能、免疫功能和饲养经济效益的影响,试验选用180头28日龄健康断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复20头猪,对照组饲喂基础日粮,两试验组以蝇蛆蛋白分别替代基础日粮中50%和100%鱼粉。试验期28 d。结果表明:断奶后1~14 d,与对照组相比,50%蝇蛆蛋白替代组料肉比显著提高(P0.05);100%蝇蛆蛋白替代组平均日增重(ADG)降低,料肉比提高(P0.05)。断奶后15~28 d,与对照组相比,蝇蛆蛋白替代鱼粉对生产性能无显著影响(P0.05);但与50%替代组相比,蝇蛆蛋白替代100%鱼粉降低了仔猪平均日增重,提高了料肉比(P0.05)。试验全期,各组间仔猪生产性能无显著差异(P0.05),但蝇蛆蛋白替代50%鱼粉降低了仔猪腹泻频率,提高了外周血液T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞阳性率(P0.05),蝇蛆蛋白替代100%鱼粉降低了腹泻频率,提高了外周血液T淋巴细胞阳性率(P0.05),且50%替代组单位增重成本最低。由此可见,蝇蛆蛋白可改善断奶仔猪健康状况,蝇蛆蛋白替代50%鱼粉提高了仔猪生产性能和饲养经济效益。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究植物小肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率及肠道发育的影响。选择体重为9.56 kg左右的35日龄健康杜长大三元杂种断奶仔猪120头,按照体重相似的原则随机分为2个处理,每个处理设6个重复,每个重复10头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(含2.5%鱼粉),试验组添加2%植物小肽(替代基础饲粮中2.5%鱼粉)。试验期28 d。结果表明,植物小肽组仔猪日增重和日采食量分别比对照组提高5.88%(P<0.05)和2.67%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低2.74%(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,植物小肽组仔猪十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),十二指肠和空肠的绒腺比(V/C)也显著提高(P<0.05)。综合来看,断奶仔猪饲粮中2%植物小肽替代2.5%鱼粉促进了仔猪肠道发育,提高了生长性能。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献