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2008年6月初,黄海中南部海域出现罕见的大面积的绿潮现象,经初步鉴定,认为造成本次绿潮的种类为浒苔属(Enteromorpha)藻类,但是其种一级分类地位的确定成为自绿潮爆发以来最有争议的问题之一.本研究采用形态学观察与分子鉴定相结合的方法,对在黄海海域采集的22个浒苔样品及青岛栈桥海域的漂浮浒苔样品进行了鉴定.结果表明,不同站位的浒苔样品均具有主枝,且高度分枝,但丝状体的长度及宽度有较大差异;藻体色泽也有较大差异,有深绿色、鲜绿色和黄绿色之分;藻体细胞大小差异较大;切片观察表明所有样品都具有浒苔典型的管状结构,且细胞位于单层藻体的中央;ITS及5.8S rDNA序列分析表明23个浒苔样品序列完全一致,由此确定这些浒苔样品均属于同一种浒苔属浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera). 相似文献
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绿潮中浒苔的抗逆能力和药物灭杀效果初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对2008年青岛海域规模较大的绿潮中的藻类--浒苔Enteromorpha prolifera进行了抗逆和药物灭杀实验.实验了盐度(分别为:0、10、20、30、40、50、60和70)、温度(15、20、25、30和40℃)、黑暗、酸度(pH1、pH2、pH3、pH4、pH6、pH9和pH10)4个理化环境因子对浒苔的影响;试验了生石灰(100、200、400、800、1600、3200和10000μmol/L)、硫酸铜(5、10、20、40、80、160、320和640μmol/L)、1种含氯消毒剂(15.63,31.25,62.50,125.00,250.00,500.00,1000.00和2000.00μl/L)以及7种除草剂对浒苔的毒性实验.结果表明,浒苔在7d内能够忍受0～60盐度,只在盐度70条件下,出现约15%的藻体变色现象.15～25℃下7d,浒苔色泽没有明显变化,30℃对浒苔有抑制作用,3d部分藻体变软,外缘部分由绿变黄,10d后有少部分变黄的藻体因色素分解而变白死亡;在40℃下40h部分开始因藻体叶绿素分解而变黄,2d后部分变软,有腐烂的迹象,7d后少量变白死亡,大多数藻体仍然较正常,14d时30%死亡,约40%藻体正常,另30%藻体介于二者之间.完全黑暗中的浒苔48h部分开始变黄,72h加重,7d时几乎全部变黄抑制明显.pH6时浒苔较正常,其余各组均有抑制作用.生石灰10000μmol/L组的浒苔20h后50%因藻体叶绿素分解而变黄,48h后各组浒苔均不同程度地变黄变白.硫酸铜640μmol/L组的浒苔在24h后颜色变浅绿,而后一直到7d时未见进一步变化,该组的硫酸铜已处于过饱和状态.含氯消毒剂对浒苔的24h和48hLC50均为262.39μl/L,其95%置信区间均为216.21～312.06μl/L.浒苔是一种具有极强抗逆能力的海洋植物. 相似文献
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漂浮绿潮藻浒苔孢子/配子的繁殖过程 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以引起绿潮灾害的漂浮优势种浒苔(Ulva prolifera)为材料,对其繁殖过程和特性进行研究。结果发现漂浮浒苔多以配子体形式出现。每平方厘米单层藻体叶片可以产生2.84×10P6P~6.62×10P6P个孢子或1.14×10P7P~2.65×10P7P个配子,放散的生殖细胞中91.6%~96.4%可以成功萌发形成新的藻体,在绿潮暴发高峰期,平均1 g浒苔藻体30%的叶片所形成的生殖细胞囊完全放散生殖细胞后,可以产生0.84×10P8P~8.21×10P8 P株新藻体。漂浮浒苔强大的繁殖力是生物量快速扩增的重要原因,也是中国沿海绿潮暴发的一个主要原因。 相似文献
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不同增殖方式来源的绿潮藻浒苔藻体生长及光合生理特性差异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨原位状态下不同增殖方式得到的绿潮藻浒苔生物体的差异,通过原位围隔实验,分别获取漂浮浒苔释放的孢子萌发形成的藻体(ST)和浒苔自身营养增殖得到的藻体(VT),通过比较这两种浒苔的生长、光合作用和荧光参数的不同,来估测其光合生理特性的差异。结果表明,ST的生长速率比VT显著高出61.27%,并且ST的最大光合作用速率(Pmax)、光合效率(α)和光合活性(P/R)比VT分别显著高出25.33%、14.93%和134.69%,而呼吸作用速率和光补偿点比VT显著低了45.7%和52.2%,这表明ST与VT相比具有更大的生长优势。另外,VT的相对电子传递速率(rETR)显著高于ST,在高光下尤为显著,并且VT在高光下具有更高的非光化学猝灭(NPQ)能力,这说明浒苔通过自身营养增殖产生的藻体对高光的适应能力比其由孢子萌发形成的藻体更强。 相似文献
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以2004年1月采自江苏如东海区紫菜栽培架上的条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)为研究材料,经分离纯化培养,用条浒苔藻体放散的孢子进行采苗及其海区栽培。结果表明,条浒苔在江苏和浙江海区均能够栽培,且藻体生长速度很快。在实验室条件下,将条浒苔藻体置于不同温度组(5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃)、盐度组(0、4、8、12、16)和光照强度组(15μmol.m-2.s-1、30μmol.m-2.s-1、45μmol.m-2.s-1、60μmol.m-2.s-1),共120个温度-盐度-光强组合中培养,以研究这3个生态因子对条浒苔生长的影响。结果发现,温度、盐度和光强对条浒苔的生长影响显著(P<0.05)。条浒苔生长适宜温度为15~25℃;适宜盐度为8~12;适宜光照强度在60μmol.m-2.s-1左右。温度、盐度和光照强度三者对条浒苔生长存在显著的交互效应(P<0.05),这三者的最佳组合为温度25℃、盐度12和光强60μmol.m-2.s-1 相似文献
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为研究4种海藻多糖对鲫鱼生长和免疫的影响,将鲫鱼[(50±5)g]暂养2d,随机分为普通饲料组、浒苔组、条斑紫菜组、铜藻组、坛紫菜组5组,每组4个重复,每个平行10尾,准确记录体质量。养殖60d后,注射菌体密度为10~7cfu/mL嗜水气单胞菌,24h后称取鱼的体质量,解剖脾脏称量质量,并取鱼血测定碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、球蛋白活性。试验结果显示,浒苔组、条斑紫菜组、铜藻组鱼的质量增加率相比普通饲料组有所提高,其中浒苔组效果最好,质量增加率为47.50%。浒苔组、条斑紫菜组、铜藻组、坛紫菜组鲫鱼的脾体比均有所增加,且浒苔组和条斑紫菜组较好,脾体比增加量分别为23.76%和27.73%,4组培养基中菌落数较普通饲料组有所减少。血液生化检测结果,浒苔组的总蛋白和球蛋白含量均高于普通饲料组。由结果数据分析可以看出,4种海藻多糖在一定程度上可促进鲫鱼生长并能提高其抗病能力。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
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William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献