首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 609 毫秒
1.
田春育  武自念  李贤松  李志勇 《草地学报》2021,29(12):2678-2684
为阐明扁蓿豆（Medicago ruthenica）叶绿体基因组密码子使用模式，以其50条蛋白编码序列（CDS）为对象，利用软件CodonW 1.4.2、Excel以及在线程序对其ENC，RSCU，GC含量、中性绘图、PR2-plot、最优密码子等进行分析得到以下结果：基因组平均GC含量为40.58%，其中GC1>GC2>GC3；ENC的取值介于35.77～56.62之间，表明密码子使用偏好性较弱；基因组中共有30个密码子RSCU>1，其中29个以A/U结尾；ENC-plot绘图分析结果中多数基因分布于标准曲线下方，22个基因ENC比值在—0.05～0.05之间，密码子偏好性主要受选择影响；PR2-plot分析表明碱基T的使用频率大于A，G大于C，说明密码子偏好性还受其他因素影响；该基因组中共有UUU，UUA，ACU等11个最优密码子并均以A/U结尾。以上研究结果可为扁蓿豆叶绿体基因组优良基因利用提供理论与基础。  相似文献   

2.
<正>犬细小病毒是一种对犬科动物危害严重的DNA病毒,为了解其主要蛋白的密码子使用特点,本文运用EMBOSS(The European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite)的CHIPS和CUSP程序、Codon W在线软件对CPV全基因组及3种主要蛋白基因的有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)、碱基含量(GCall、GC1、GC2、GC3)进行分析。结果显示:CPV基因组、NS1、VP1、VP2基因的Nc值分别为36.46、37.86、35.05和32.87,表明CPV对同义密码子的使用具有明显的偏爱性;对第3位核苷酸为A和T的密  相似文献   

3.
伪狂犬病病毒冀A株TK基因的克隆及序列分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为了分析比较伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)冀A株TK基因与GenBank中收录的国内外其他PRV毒株TK基因核苷酸及氨基酸序列的同源性,以伪狂犬病病毒冀A株的基因组为模板,PCR扩增了其胸腺激酶(TK)基因,并对其进行了克隆和测序.结果表明,TK基因的开放阅读框(ORF)和所比较的各株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性都在99%以上.核苷酸序列中发现在起始密码子的上游有3段GC框样的序列,在终止密码子中发现多聚腺苷加尾信号AATAAA;在氨基酸序列中发现有疱疹病毒TK基因的保守序列R*Y*DG**G*GK*T-和-FDRHP*A***C*P*AR-.  相似文献   

4.
蓖麻蚕核型多角体病毒(Phcy NPV)是柞蚕核型多角体病毒(Anpe NPV)的变种,不能感染柞蚕。通过病毒基因组GC含量、GC3s含量、有效密码子数、相对同义密码子使用度、密码子偏好参数的计算及ENc-plot分析、中性绘图分析、对应分析等,比较Phcy NPV和Anpe NPV的密码子使用模式。Phcy NPV、Anpe NPV分别只有1个和4个ORF的密码子偏好性较强。与Anpe NPV比较,Phcy NPV少数ORF的GC含量、GC3s含量、有效密码子数量和密码子偏好参数变化较大,但2种病毒ORF组间的GC含量、GC3s含量、有效密码子数和密码子偏好参数均无统计学差异(P=0.135、P=0.189、P=0.192、P=0.200)。2种病毒ORF组间,由同义密码子编码的18种氨基酸的密码子使用均无统计学差异(P0.05),鉴定的17种偏好性密码子也均相同。GC碱基组成是影响2种病毒ORF组密码子使用模式的主要因素,而自然选择对GC碱基组成的影响大于突变压力,但2种病毒间自然选择的影响程度无统计学差异(P=0.770)。Phcy NPV在适应新宿主蓖麻蚕的进化过程中密码子使用模式变化较小,尚不能通过密码子使用模式分析解释杆状病毒在不同宿主间的交叉感染机制。  相似文献   

5.
5种家蚕病毒的密码子及密码对使用模式分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
通过分析5种家蚕病毒基因组密码子和密码对使用模式,初步探讨5种家蚕病毒的基因组进化和对宿主的适应策略。采用生物信息学方法对碱基含量(GCall、GC1、GC2、GC3、GC3s)、有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)、密码对(codon-pair)等进行统计分析的结果表明:5种家蚕病毒的密码子偏好性均较低,病毒间的碱基组成及ENc值差异较小,碱基组成对密码子使用模式影响较小;不同病毒选择不同的偏好性密码子,不同病毒的密码对偏好性程度不同,其中,家蚕类葡萄斑点病毒(Bombyx mori macula-like virus,BmMLV)密码对偏好性最强,家蚕质型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori cypovirus,BmCPV)和家蚕核型多角体病毒(Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus,BmNPV)密码对偏好性最弱。聚类分析表明BmCPV和家蚕浓核病毒(Bombyx mori densovirus,BmDNV)的密码子使用模式相似,BmNPV和家蚕传染性软化病病毒(Bombyx mori infec-tious flacherie virus,BmIFV)的密码子使用模式相似;BmMLV、BmNPV和BmDNV的密码对使用模式相似,BmIFV和BmCPV的密码对使用模式相似。5种病毒的偏好性密码子和偏好性密码对不同,显示不同病毒的密码子和密码对的进化路径不同,对宿主的适应策略不同。  相似文献   

6.
为了解亚洲带绦虫基因组的密码子用法及影响密码子使用模式的主要因素,以亚洲带绦虫基因组注释的13 323条CDS序列为数据来源,利用CodonW软件对其密码子碱基组成、有效密码子数(ENC)和同义密码子相对使用频率(RSCU)各项指标进行统计分析。结果显示:(1)从亚洲带绦虫基因组数据中筛选获得11 203条CDS序列,平均长度为1 386 bp, GC含量在25.9%～74.1%之间,变化范围较大;(2)同义密码子第3位出现G或C的频率为50.11%,比出现A或T的频率高;(3)有效密码子数介于20.64～61.00,平均为51.06;(4)ENC-plot分析、中性分析、PR2分析及相关性分析结果表明,影响亚洲带绦虫密码子使用偏性的因素除了突变和选择两种力量外,还包括GC含量、基因长度、蛋白质的亲水性和芳香度;(5)最终共有25个密码子被确定为最优密码子,绝大部分以G或C结尾。结果说明,亚洲带绦虫基因组中大部分基因密码子使用偏性较弱,仅少部分基因具有较强偏性,偏好使用以G或C结尾的密码子,且这一现象是由突变、选择、碱基组成等多重因素共同作用形成的,该结果为进一步研究该物种遗传背景和分子进化提供了一定的科学依据。  相似文献   

7.
猪伪狂犬病病毒在几种细胞中增殖情况的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
猪伪狂犬病（Pseudorabies，PR）是由伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies Virus，PRV）引起的以发热和脑脊髓炎为主要特征的急性、发热性传染病。该病主要以成年妊娠母猪流产、死产、木乃伊胎、新生仔猪急性死亡及3周龄以内的仔猪表现神经症状为主要特征。一般幼龄仔猪发病率和死亡率可高达100％。因此对猪伪狂犬病的预防和控制，目前最根本的措施是疫苗接种，而疫苗效果好坏主要取决于抗原浓度。为了制备出浓度高的抗原，我们对猪伪狂犬病病毒在5种细胞中的增殖情况进行了试验，现报道如下：  相似文献   

8.
密码子简并性特征造成了不同物种密码子使用的偏好性不同,这对外源基因的表达强度有着较大的影响。运用软件对选取的16种IFN-α和天府肉鸭IFN-α基因（EU925650）进行了密码子偏爱性分析。通过进化树的构建结果显示天府肉鸭IFN-α,与北京鸭、河南肉鸭以及绍兴鸭IFN-α的亲缘关系最为接近。通过CAI,ENC,GC3S等数据分析进行了密码子偏爱性特征的分析。结果显示,天府肉鸭IFN-α系统保守基因,与禽类IFN-α基因的密码子使用类似。  相似文献   

9.
为探究葫芦巴(Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)叶绿体基因组密码子的使用偏好性,利用Codon W 1.4.2和在线软件CUSP对筛选到的50条蛋白质编码序列密码子进行分析。结果表明：葫芦巴叶绿体基因组密码子末位碱基以A/U为主,GC含量仅为26.25%。ENC取值范围为35.05～53.66,且ENC值>45的有20个,说明葫芦巴大部分基因编码序列的密码子偏性较强。RSCU≥1的密码子有30个,其中16个以U结尾、13个以A结尾。中性绘图分析、ENC-plot分析及PR2-plot偏倚分析结果发现,葫芦巴叶绿体基因组密码子使用偏好性受到突变压力等多种因素的影响,主要因素为自然选择。最终筛选出GCU,AGA,CGU等21个密码子为最优密码子。  相似文献   

10.
基因组中的基因和基因密码子组成不同使柞蚕核型多角体病毒(ApNPV)与家蚕核型多角体病毒(BmNPV)间不能交叉感染。通过计算有效密码子数(ENc)、相对同义密码子使用度(RSCU)、GC含量、GC3s含量、密码子适应指数(CAI),比较分析ApNPV和BmNPV同义密码子使用模式差异。ApNPV和BmNPV的密码子偏好性均较弱,但二者的ENc值和GC含量差异显著;除碱基组成外,还存在其它因素影响密码子使用模式,但各影响因素的贡献率均较低,在基于密码子使用频率的对应分析中BmNPV的第1、第2向量轴贡献率均低于ApNPV;ApNPV的基因表达水平与GC含量、GC3s含量以及ENc值极显著相关(r分别为0.418、0.735、-0.628,P=0.000),而BmNPV的基因表达水平只与GC3s含量呈弱相关(r=0.214,P=0.010)。分析结果显示,ApNPV和BmNPV的密码子偏好性虽均较弱,但同义密码使用模式及其影响因素存在差异。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号