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1.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(8)
本试验旨研究桑枝叶提取物对蛋鸡生产性能、血清免疫指标与抗氧化能力的影响。选择324只47周龄体重相近、健康、采食正常的罗曼粉蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复27只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%、0.8%的桑枝叶提取物。预试期7 d,正试期57 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,日粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%的桑枝叶提取物均可降低次蛋率(P<0.05),均可提高蛋鸡血清免疫球蛋白G含量(P<0.05);添加0.4%和0.8%桑枝叶提取物均可提高产蛋率、血清免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子和总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),可降低料蛋比和血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05);添加0.8%桑枝叶提取物可显著提高蛋鸡血清白细胞介素-1和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量(P<0.05)。结果提示,日粮中添加0.4%和0.8%桑枝叶提取物可提高蛋鸡的总体生产性能,可以显著降低次蛋率,同时对蛋鸡机体的免疫功能和抗氧化能力均有一定的增强效果;但考虑到添加成本,建议蛋鸡日粮中桑枝叶提取物最佳添加量为0.4%。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究黄精多糖对种鹌鹑生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取4 000只产蛋鹌鹑、500只雄性鹌鹑(仅用于配种),随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.4%黄芪多糖及0.1%、0.4%和0.8%黄精多糖的试验饲粮,每组4个重复,每个重复200只产蛋鹌鹑、25只雄性鹌鹑。预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)0.4%黄精多糖组和0.4%黄芪多糖组的产蛋率及平均蛋重均显著大于对照组和0.1%黄精多糖组(P0.05),0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组、0.4%黄芪多糖组平均日采食量、料蛋比均显著小于对照组(P0.05)。2)各试验组蛋黄色泽均显著高于对照组(P0.05),0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组和0.4%黄芪多糖组哈氏单位显著高于0.1%黄精多糖组和对照组(P0.05)。3)0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组及0.4%黄芪多糖组的受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率都显著大于对照组(P0.05)。4)0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组以及0.4%黄芪多糖组血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及总抗氧化能力均显著大于对照组(P0.05),血清丙二醛含量均显著小于对照组和0.1%黄精多糖组(P0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中添加0.4%和0.8%黄精多糖均能提高种鹌鹑生产性能,增加蛋黄色泽和哈氏单位,提高孵化性能,提高血清抗氧化性能,其中以0.4%黄精多糖的效果最佳。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究黄精多糖对种鹌鹑生产性能、蛋品质、孵化性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取4 000只产蛋鹌鹑、500只雄性鹌鹑(仅用于配种),随机分为5组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.4%黄芪多糖及0.1%、0.4%和0.8%黄精多糖的试验饲粮,每组4个重复,每个重复200只产蛋鹌鹑、25只雄性鹌鹑。预试期15 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)0.4%黄精多糖组和0.4%黄芪多糖组的产蛋率及平均蛋重均显著大于对照组和0.1%黄精多糖组(P<0.05),0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组、0.4%黄芪多糖组平均日采食量、料蛋比均显著小于对照组(P<0.05)。2)各试验组蛋黄色泽均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组和0.4%黄芪多糖组哈氏单位显著高于0.1%黄精多糖组和对照组(P<0.05)。3)0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组及0.4%黄芪多糖组的受精率、受精蛋孵化率和入孵蛋孵化率都显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。4)0.4%黄精多糖组、0.8%黄精多糖组以及0.4%黄芪多糖组血清总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及总抗氧化能力均显著大于对照组(P<0.05),血清丙二醛含量均显著小于对照组和0.1%黄精多糖组(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中添加0.4%和0.8%黄精多糖均能提高种鹌鹑生产性能,增加蛋黄色泽和哈氏单位,提高孵化性能,提高血清抗氧化性能,其中以0.4%黄精多糖的效果最佳。 相似文献
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纪君波任慧英张甜甜赵伟臣李文立 《动物营养学报》2018,(4):1415-1422
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的谷氨酰胺(Gln)对夏季水貂生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。选取育成期水貂160只,随机分为5组,每组32只(16只公貂,16只母貂),水貂单笼饲养。对照组水貂饲喂不添加Gln的基础饲粮,试验组水貂分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%Gln的试验饲粮。试验期8周。结果表明:饲粮中添加0.4%和0.6%的Gln可显著提高母貂的平均日采食量(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.4%的Gln可极显著提高水貂的平均日增重(P<0.01),并显著降低水貂的料重比(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加Gln对水貂血清葡萄糖含量和肌酸激酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加0.4%和0.6%的Gln可显著提高血清总蛋白含量(P<0.05),显著降低血清尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。饲粮中添加0.2%和0.4%的Gln可显著提高水貂血清抑制羟自由基能力(P<0.05),但对血清抗超氧阴离子能力无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮中添加0.4%和0.6%的Gln可显著降低水貂血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05),极显著提高血清总抗氧化能力(P<0.01),显著提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05)。综合各项指标,夏季高温条件下,育成期水貂饲粮中Gln的适宜添加水平为0.4%。 相似文献
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选择同一条件下饲养的21日龄体重相近的新广麻鸡母鸡384只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只,分别饲喂含0(对照组)、1％、2％和3％野葛(Pueraria lobata)叶粉的试验饲粮,试验期共49 d,旨在研究肉鸡饲粮中添加葛叶粉对其生长性能、血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响.结果表明:1)肉鸡饲粮中添加1％～3％葛叶粉对肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);2)添加2％、3％葛叶粉均能显著提高肉鸡血清白蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量、降低甘油三酯含量和谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05);添加3％葛叶粉还可提高肉鸡血清总蛋白含量,显著降低尿素氮、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白含量和谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05);3)添加1％～3％葛叶粉可显著提高肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05)、添加3％葛叶粉可显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05);4)添加1％葛叶粉能显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M含量;添加2％葛叶粉显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M含量、降低白细胞介素1β含量;添加3％葛叶粉显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量、降低白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素2含量(P<0.05).综上所述,饲粮中添加1％～3％葛叶粉对肉鸡生长性能无负面影响,能在一定程度上提高肉鸡抗氧化性能和免疫功能,有利于机体健康.葛叶粉可应用到肉鸡饲料中,添加3％效果更好. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的谷氨酰胺(Gln)对夏季水貂生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。选取育成期水貂160只,随机分为5组,每组32只(16只公貂,16只母貂),水貂单笼饲养。对照组水貂饲喂不添加Gln的基础饲粮,试验组水貂分别饲喂在基础饲粮基础上添加0.2%、0.4%、0.6%和0.8%Gln的试验饲粮。试验期8周。结果表明:饲粮中添加0.4%和0.6%的Gln可显著提高母貂的平均日采食量(P0.05);饲粮中添加0.4%的Gln可极显著提高水貂的平均日增重(P0.01),并显著降低水貂的料重比(P0.05)。饲粮中添加Gln对水貂血清葡萄糖含量和肌酸激酶活性无显著影响(P0.05),但添加0.4%和0.6%的Gln可显著提高血清总蛋白含量(P0.05),显著降低血清尿素氮含量(P0.05)。饲粮中添加0.2%和0.4%的Gln可显著提高水貂血清抑制羟自由基能力(P0.05),但对血清抗超氧阴离子能力无显著影响(P0.05);饲粮中添加0.4%和0.6%的Gln可显著降低水貂血清丙二醛含量(P0.05),极显著提高血清总抗氧化能力(P0.01),显著提高血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05)。综合各项指标,夏季高温条件下,育成期水貂饲粮中Gln的适宜添加水平为0.4%。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫的影响。采用单因素试验设计方法,选取21日龄遗传胎次、体重接近的断奶仔猪180头,随机分为4个组,每组5个重复,每个重复9头猪。4组分别饲喂饲粮中添加0(对照组)、0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖的试验饲粮。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.15%、0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著降低了断奶仔猪血清干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加0.30%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的含量(P0.05)。饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖对断奶仔猪血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.30%和0.45%酵母壁多糖显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠CD4~+淋巴细胞含量(P0.05),饲粮中添加酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪回肠CD8~+和CD20~+淋巴细胞含量,但差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可知,酵母壁多糖能一定程度提高断奶仔猪外周血免疫和肠道免疫,缓解断奶应激。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究乳化油脂对小鼠脂肪代谢的影响。选取21日龄健康小鼠200只,随机分为5组(每组5个重复,每个重复8只):对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂分别添加4%椰子油、4%乳化椰子粉、8%乳化椰子粉和4%豆油的试验饲粮,试验期14 d。结果表明:1)饲粮添加4%和8%乳化椰子粉的料重比显著低于4%椰子油和豆油组(P<0.05)。2)各试验组的脏器指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)饲粮添加4%乳化椰子粉血清中的TC和HDL-C浓度显著高于4%椰子油、8%乳化椰子粉和4%豆油组(P<0.05)。4)各油脂添加组的肝脏总脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。5)饲粮添加4%乳化椰子粉的回肠小肠绒毛长度显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,小鼠饲粮添加4%乳化椰子粉,提高了血清脂质水平,减少小肠绒毛降低趋势,并降低了饲粮的料重比。 相似文献
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太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构及盲肠内容物菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、肠黏膜形态结构和盲肠内容物菌群的影响。选取25日龄断奶的"大白×长白"二元杂交仔猪120头,按体重相近原则随机分成4个组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加500(0.05%多糖组)、1 000(0.10%多糖组)和1 500 mg/kg(0.15%多糖组)太子参茎叶多糖。试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组十二指肠白细胞介素-4(IL-4)含量均显著升高(P0.05),0.10%多糖组十二指肠干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)含量显著升高(P0.05),0.10%和0.15%多糖组回肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)含量均显著升高(P0.05);0.10%和0.15%多糖组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度显著或极显著增加(P0.05或P0.01),十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(V/C)值显著增加(P0.05);0.15%多糖组回肠绒毛高度显著增加(P0.05);各试验组盲肠内容物中的大肠杆菌数量显著降低(P0.05),乳酸杆菌数量显著增加(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加太子参茎叶多糖能够提高断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能,增加小肠绒毛高度和V/C值,调节盲肠内容物菌群结构,维持肠道微生态平衡;其适宜添加量为0.10%。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究益生菌制剂对舍饲山羊生长性能及血清生化指标的影响。选择100头健康的4月龄努比亚山羊,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其他4个组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%的益生菌制剂。试验期为40 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期30 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.2%益生菌制剂可显著提高山羊平均日增重(P0.05);饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%益生菌制剂可显著降低山羊料重比(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%益生菌制剂可显著提高山羊血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.2%、0.4%和0.8%益生菌制剂可显著提高山羊血清总超氧化物歧化酶活性(P0.05)。以上结果表明,饲粮中添加益生菌制剂可提高舍饲山羊的生长性能,改善其机体免疫水平和抗氧化功能。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献