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1.
通过电子鼻获取鱼露、鱼酿酱油和生抽的气味信息,进行主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)和负荷加载分析(Loadings),并结合氨基酸态氮、盐分、全氮和游离氨基酸含量,对比分析3种调味品的品质。结果显示,3种调味品中游离氨基酸种类丰富,鱼露中苏氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸的含量明显高于鱼酿酱油和生抽;生抽和鱼酿酱油中鲜味氨基酸的含量明显高于鱼露,但生抽中必需氨基酸的含量远低于鱼酿酱油和鱼露;3种调味品挥发性成分复杂,电子鼻10个金属传感器能很好地区分3种调味品的挥发性气味,W5S、W1S、W2S号传感器比其他7个传感器有更高的响应值,其中W2S号传感器的响应值变化最显著。这说明电子鼻能较好地区分鱼露、鱼酿酱油和生抽,虽然3种调味品中第1、2主成分相同,但醇类、氮氧化合物类物质对第1、2主成分的贡献率不同。 相似文献
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鲳鱼货架期预测模型的电子鼻评价与研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用电子鼻对鲳在不同贮藏温度与贮藏时间下的挥发性气味变化进行了分析,并对电子鼻测定获得的数据进行了主成分分析(PCA)与判别因子分析(DFA)。将电子鼻PCA与DFA分析获得的鲳的气味变化突变点作为气味变化的切分点与理化品质指标值(菌落总数)相结合,建立了鲳在273～283K下的Q10货架期预测模型。结果表明,电子鼻PCA与DFA分析能很好地将贮藏于273、283与293K下的鲳随着贮藏时间变化的气味进行区分。贮藏于不同温度条件下的鲳的TVBN与菌落总数值回归拟合方程均符合一级化学动力学模型(R2>0.95)。基于电子鼻PCA与DFA分析获得的283K与293K下的气味变化切分点与相同温度下理化品质指标变化具有较好的对应关系,采用Arrhenius动力学模型推导公式求得鲳在273～283K与283～293K温度段内菌落总数的Q10值,并结合283K与293K温度下电子鼻PCA与DFA分析获得的气味变化货架期切分点,从而得到鲳在273～283K与283～293K温度段内的Q10货架期预测模型为:SL(275～283K)=3×3.008 (283-T)/(10)与SL(283～293K)=1.5×3.423 (2... 相似文献
3.
以凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vanmamei为实验对象,研究电子鼻对不同保藏时间的凡纳滨对虾虾头和虾肉的气味响应,并与感官指标、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)和菌落总数进行对比分析,建立一种基于电子鼻技术的对虾新鲜度评价方法.结果表明,随着保藏时间的延长,对虾的鲜度和气味发生变化;电子鼻能将不同保藏时间的对虾区分开来,而且与感官评定、TVB-N和菌落总数检测结果一致.负荷加载分析(Loadings)显示,不同传感器对主成分的贡献率不同;采用线性判别分析(LDA)所得的总贡献率高于主成分分析(PCA)所得的总贡献率.电子鼻对虾头和虾肉的气味均有较好的响应,因此虾头和虾肉都可以用于电子鼻评价对虾的新鲜度. 相似文献
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雌核发育、野生及养殖牙鲆形态差异分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测定牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)传统形态学和现代框架结构特征数据,利用方差、聚类、主成分和判别分析等方法,分析了雌核发育牙鲆、野生牙鲆、养殖牙鲆的形态特征差异。结果显示:雌核发育牙鲆、野生牙鲆、养殖牙鲆间38个指标存在显著差异(P0.05)。雌核发育牙鲆先和野生牙鲆聚成一支,二者再与养殖牙鲆聚到一支。共得到9个主成分,表明三种牙鲆的形态差异主要体现在牙鲆鱼体纵向和头部性状指标间。雌核发育、野生、养殖牙鲆的判别准确率P1均为90%,其判别准确率P2分别为96.43%、90%、84.38%,综合判别率为90%。研究表明:方差、聚类、主成分和判别分析等方法对三种牙鲆差异分析比较有效。 相似文献
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应用电子鼻技术检测南美白对虾副溶血性弧菌试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了将电子鼻技术应用于水产品中副溶血性弧茵等食源性致病菌的快速无损检测,试验利用电子鼻对从南美白对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)中分离的一株副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)进行检测.试验采用具有18个金属氧化物传感器的电子鼻对副溶血性弧茵经纯培养所得的挥发性代谢产物进行检测,同时用空白3.5%氯化钠TSB培养液作为对照.电子鼻所得的数据用主成分分析(PCA)、判别因子分析(DFA)、单类成分判别分析(SMICA)等多元统计方法进行分析.结果显示,副溶血性弧菌经纯培养后产生了明显不同于空白培养液气味的挥发性代谢产物.电子鼻可以应用于纯培养微生物的检测. 相似文献
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[目的] 为探究我国不同产地传统海虾酱的风味特征，探讨风味形成机理。[方法] 从感官量化描述分析和营养成分分析入手，应用气相离子迁移谱和顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用对不同产地传统海虾酱的风味特征进行探究。[结果] 不同产地传统海虾酱的挥发性风味有显著性差异，气相离子迁移谱和气质联用可以高效表征气味差异。[结论] 不同产地虾酱的挥发性成分的种类和含量均有显著差异，2-乙基己醇、3-乙基-2,5-甲基吡嗪、二甲胺、二甲基三硫和3-甲硫基丙醛等化合物是海虾酱的特征挥发性化合物。QDA结果显示粤港澳产虾酱样品的色泽与风味评分较好，蛋白质和游离氨基酸含量高于其他样品，但腥味也较明显。虾酱的粗脂肪含量与QDA评分没有明显关联。当水分含量介于18%-28%（w%）时，虾酱的粘稠度评分最高。粤港澳产虾酱的特征香气化合物为吡嗪类，如2,6二甲基吡嗪、2-乙基-6-甲基吡嗪等。三甲胺及二甲胺是传统海虾酱的特征风味物，含硫化合物是发酵水产调料的特征风味化合物，但也有可能源于配料中的葱、蒜等香辛料。 相似文献
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为探究瘦身养殖时间(1～24个月)对鱼肉营养成分、滋味及气味的影响,以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)为研究对象,采用常规生化方法、气相色谱-质谱联用仪及氨基酸自动分析仪检测鱼肉粗蛋白、水分、脂肪酸、氨基酸等成分,并评价营养价值,再结合电子鼻进一步对鱼肉的风味成分进行分析。结果显示,随瘦身养殖时间延长,鱼肉粗脂肪含量显著下降,灰分含量显著增加,粗蛋白和水分含量相对保持稳定;鱼肉的鲜味氨基酸含量显著增加,苦味氨基酸含量下降;单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著上升,多不饱和脂肪酸含量下降;气味特征研究表明,经8个月瘦身养殖的草鱼气味特征发生显著变化,主要腥味物质己醛和1-辛烯-3-醇含量在前8个月养殖过程中显著降低并逐渐趋于稳定,进一步延长养殖时间,气味不再发生显著变化。综上,通过适当时间的瘦身养殖处理可有效提升草鱼鱼肉的营养和风味品质;瘦身养殖8个月后,草鱼体重继续降低但鱼肉品质不再发生显著变化。 相似文献
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采用顶空固相微萃取和气-质谱联用技术,测定中国毛虾(Acetes chinensis)虾皮在不同贮藏温度下挥发性风味成分的变化情况,利用主成分分析法和聚类分析法对挥发性物质的组成差异性进行分析。研究表明,受试样品共检测出49种化合物,包括烃类、酮类、醛类、醇类、酯类、酸类以及含氮、硫化合物;主成分分析结果,不同贮藏时间虾皮的特征风味物质组成不同,而两种温度(25℃和37℃)下虾皮的特征风味物质组成基本相同;对虾皮在贮藏过程中的品质变化情况通过聚类分析将其分为4类不同品质特性,研究结果可为虾皮制品加工及贮藏的质量控制等提供科学依据。 相似文献
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活品流通过程中虾夷扇贝风味品质的变化 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
为探索采捕后活品贝类品质的变化规律及评价体系,本研究以活品底播虾夷扇贝为研究对象,针对其闭壳肌的感官及理化特性,系统探讨了在活品流通过程中的风味品质变化规律.根据产业现有的流通模式,建立湿运和干运2条模拟流通链进行为期7d的跟踪研究,通过感官及理化分析监测其风味品质的变化情况;感官监测的指标包含气味、滋味、后味、质地及色泽等5个方面,理化分析包括游离氨基酸、核苷酸关联物、糖原、状态指数CI、剪切力以及蒸煮损失率等指标;针对分析检测结果,首先采用主成分分析方法(PCA)分析风味特征的变化规律,再通过偏最小二乘法(PLS2)对感官和理化二者间的相关性进行分析.研究结果发现,流通链初期,采捕后的剧烈胁迫导致风味品质短暂下降,感官分析出现了苦味、酸味等非愉悦描述词;流通链中期,逐渐适应并处于比较稳定的净化环境条件,风味品质得到恢复,风味特征主要体现在甜味、鲜味、海鲜味等愉悦描述词方面;流通链后期,苦味及酸味等非愉悦描述词再次出现.理化指标的分析结果表明,活品流通过程中扇贝的生命状态整体上呈下降趋势.对比干运与湿运,无论是感官品质还是生命状态,均发现干运在较短期运输(≤2d)时优于湿运,湿运则在较长运输期(≥3 d)时显现出一定优势.感官与理化的相关性分析结果表明,二者之间有关联的特征指标分别为,感官特征的甜(T-ST)、鲜(AT-UM)和奶香(O-DR),理化指标的Gly、Glu、Arg、ATP、AEC及CI,这些指标能够较客观地反映采捕后虾夷扇贝活品流通过程中的风味品质差异,可为建立活品贝类流通过程的品质评价体系提供参考. 相似文献
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不同烤制时间对沙丁鱼片风味及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨烤制时间对沙丁鱼片风味及品质的影响,以沙丁鱼为研究对象,研究经不同烤制时间处理的沙丁鱼片的色泽、质构特性及挥发性成分的变化。采用电子鼻和顶空固相微萃取—气质联用技术分析沙丁鱼片在不同烤制时间过程中挥发性成分的变化。结果表明,随着烤制时间的延长,沙丁鱼肉的硬度、咀嚼度均有提高,弹性下降;电子鼻能够较好区分不同烤制时间得到的沙丁鱼片制品的风味。主成分分析显示各个样品间差异明显,电子鼻区分度良好;采用气—质联用技术分析表明,180°C条件下沙丁鱼块在不同烤制时间(0、1、2、3、4 min)下的挥发性成分发生明显变化,主要挥发性物质有醇、醛、酮、酸、酯、烃、芳香族和含氮化合物等。不同烤制时间下,样品中检出的挥发性化合物种类分别为43、47、47、54和46种;酸类、酯类、烃类及芳香族类等化合物的相对含量呈先上升后下降趋势;而醇类、醛类、酮类等化合物的相对含量呈先下降后上升趋势;烤制的同时产生了大量的吡嗪类、吡咯类、噻唑类等呈香化合物,这些杂环化合物对烤制沙丁鱼片的风味具有重要贡献。 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Qin-Cheng Huang Di‐Gen Qin Bei‐Ping Tan Tao Du Yuan-Zhi Yang Qi-hui Yang Shu‐Yan Chi Xiao-hui Dong 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(2):816-827
A 5 × 3 factorial growth trial was conducted to evaluate optimal dietary protein and lipid levels (dietary protein level, DP; dietary lipid level, DL) for juvenile Sillago sihama (S. sihama) (2.0 ± 0.02 g, initial weight). Fish were fed 15 diets containing 5 DPs (350, 400, 450, 500 and 550 g/kg) and 3 DLs (60, 90 and 120 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The interaction between proteins and lipids significantly influenced the feed conversion ratio, condition factor, body composition, antioxidant indices and lipase activity (p < .05). DP 450 g/kg showed the highest average final body weight. DPs 500 and 550 g/kg significantly decreased the protein efficiency ratio (p < .05). DL 120 g/kg showed the highest percentage weight gain. The low feed conversion ratio was found in diets P45L12, P55L9 and P55L12. Diet P45L12 showed high superoxide dismutase activities. DP 450 g/kg showed the lowest average malondialdehyde content. Lipase activity was increased by increasing DP (p < .05) with a fall at DP 550 g/kg. Under the present experimental conditions, the optimal DP for S. sihama was 450 g/kg under the DL 120 g/kg. 相似文献
20.
William King V David L. Berlinsky Craig V. Sullivan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1995,14(6):489-500
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass. 相似文献