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1.
选择巴音布鲁克羊健康羔羊20只,分别在40和60日龄实施早期断奶,同时饲喂2种不同粗蛋白质水平(20%、22%)的代乳料,测定血清中生长类激素水平,研究早期断奶对羔羊生长的影响。试验分为4个试验组(A、B、C、D组,2种断奶日龄分别对应2种粗蛋白质水平代乳料)和1个对照组(哺乳羔羊)。结果表明:①平均日增重,试验组羔羊均高于对照组,其中饲喂22%CP代乳料的2种断奶日龄组显著高于对照组(P0.05);22%CP的2组平均日增重显著高于20%CP的2组(P0.05);同一营养水平的代乳料,2种断奶日龄间平均日增重无显著差异。②血清中4种生长类激素的水平,试验组羔羊血清中IGF-Ⅰ、INS水平均高于对照组,其中B组(40日龄断奶,22%CP)IGF-Ⅰ显著高于对照组(P0.05);B、D组(22%CP)INS显著高于对照组(P0.05);B组IGF-Ⅰ显著高于A、C、D组(P0.05)。试验组羔羊血清中T3、T4浓度与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。因此,本试验条件下,巴音布鲁克羊羔羊40和60日龄断奶可行,且以饲喂粗蛋白质水平为22%的代乳料效果较好。 相似文献
2.
为研究人工哺育设备哺育仔猪对其生长性能的影响,选取5日龄杜×(长×大)三元杂交哺乳仔猪78头,分为3组,每组3窝,I组和Ⅱ组每窝8头,Ⅲ组每窝10头,Ⅰ组为人工哺育正常仔猪组,Ⅱ组为人工哺育弱小仔猪组,Ⅲ组为母猪哺乳组(对照组),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组自5日龄起转入人工哺育设备饲喂代乳品,所有仔猪均在10日龄开始教槽,21日龄断奶,断奶后饲喂至31日龄试验结束。结果表明:5~21日龄阶段,Ⅰ组仔猪平均日增重显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组平均日增重比Ⅲ组小(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组腹泻率和死亡率都低于Ⅲ组;22~31日龄阶段,Ⅰ组仔猪的平均日增重高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组日增重低于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅰ组教槽料采食量显著高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅱ组仔猪教槽料采食量高于Ⅲ组(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组料肉比与Ⅲ组差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组腹泻率低于Ⅲ组。综上所述,使用人工哺育设备哺育仔猪可改善仔猪的生长性能。 相似文献
3.
本试验研究了不同脂肪水平代乳料对哺乳羔羊生长发育的影响。选择28只体重、日龄相近的德克赛尔(Texel)公羔,于10日龄断母乳后随机分为4组,对照组饲喂全脂牛奶粉,试验组饲喂以大豆油作为脂肪添加源的代乳料,A、B、C组3个试验组的脂肪水平分别为20%、25%和30%。结果表明:羔羊平均精补料采食量和平均日增重存在显著差异,A、B组羔羊精补料采食量显著高于C组和对照组;B组的全期平均日增重显著高于C组(P<0.05),在51~60日龄阶段,B组平均日增重达到381.67 g/d,极显著(P<0.01)高于C组266.40 g/d;试验期内,随着代乳料脂肪水平的升高腹泻次数逐渐增加。适当的代乳料脂肪水平可以促进羔羊的固体饲料采食能力和生长性能,在以大豆油作为脂肪添加源的情况下,代乳料的适宜脂肪水平为20%~25%。 相似文献
4.
早期断奶羔羊饲喂代乳料的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对母羊产奶不足会影响羔羊的生长发育及肉羊规模化生产的需要,该试验对人工哺喂羔羊代乳料的效果进行了研究.采用单因子随机分组设计,将24只羔羊(无角陶赛特♂×小尾寒羊♀的F1代)随机分为3组,分别为对照组、试验组Ⅰ和试验组Ⅱ,试验组饲喂代乳料和优质干草,对照组自然哺乳和饲喂优质干草,进行了60 d的饲养试验.结果表明,对羔羊实行早期断奶饲喂代乳料是可行的,饲喂代乳料的羔羊和自然哺乳羔羊生长发育速度差异不显著(P>0.05). 相似文献
5.
6.
试验旨在研究不同蛋白源代乳料对肉用犊牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响。试验采用随机试验设计,将20头新生黑安格斯犊牛按体重和生长状况相近的原则随机分成CK组(对照组)、A组(发酵豆粕组)、B组(膨化大豆粉组)和C组(大豆蛋白粉组),每组5头,试验期45d。结果表明:在30~45日龄期间,试验组犊牛日增重均显著低于CK组(P0.05),营养物质消化率低,犊牛腹泻率处于整个试验期的最高水平,在血清生化指标方面,45日龄时不同蛋白源代乳料对犊牛血清中尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白、甘油三脂和钙含量均有显著影响(P0.05);在45~60日龄期间,试验组犊牛日增重明显增加,各组犊牛腹泻率开始降低,60日龄时试验组犊牛血清生化指标受不同蛋白源代乳料的影响减小;在60~75日龄期间,试验B组和C组犊牛日增重与CK组相比差异不显著(P0.05),各试验组犊牛营养物质消化率明显提高,腹泻率大幅降低,甚至无腹泻情况发生,75日龄时各组犊牛血清生化指标之间无显著差异(P0.05)。综上,不同蛋白源代乳料的饲喂效果差于母乳,但随着犊牛日龄增加有所改善,其中膨化大豆粉为最佳代乳料蛋白源。 相似文献
7.
《畜牧兽医科技信息》2015,(10)
<正>羔羊人工哺乳可采用两种方法,即手工饲喂和自动吸奶器饲喂。人工哺乳可选用鲜羊奶以及代乳料。传统羔羊断奶时间是2~4月龄,超早期断奶是在产后1~3d羔羊吃足初乳后断奶。本文也介绍了羔羊早期断奶的教槽饲养技术。1羔羊的人工哺育对多胎羔羊、体质孱弱的羔羊、母羊死亡遗留的孤羔、母羊奶水不足无力抚养的羔羊以及被遗弃的羔羊,都应寻求寄养或进行人工哺育。首先,应使这些羔羊吃到2~4d的初乳。然后,带入哺育栏内,训 相似文献
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9.
本试验旨在研究羔羊代乳料对雷州山羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和菌群结构及健康状况的影响。选取体重相近、出生20日龄的健康雷州山羊公羔48只，分为代乳料组（饲喂代乳料+开食料）和母乳组（饲喂母乳+开食料），每组24个重复，每个重复1只羔羊。预试期10 d，正试期40 d。结果表明：1）代乳料组羔羊40日龄平均个体重、21～40日龄平均日增重及干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分的表观消化率均显著低于母乳组（P<0.05）;21～40日龄，代乳料组开食料平均日采食量显著高于母乳组（P<0.05），但平均日总采食量却显著低于母乳组（P<0.05），且腹泻率极显著高于母乳组（P<0.01）。2）代乳料组羔羊60日龄平均个体重、41～60日龄和21～60日龄平均日增重及各养分表观消化率均与母乳组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）；代乳料组41～60日龄和21～60日龄开食料平均日采食量均极显著高于母乳组（P <0.01）；代乳料组41～60日龄平均日总采食量显著高于母乳组（P<0.05），但21～60日龄2组间差异不显著（P>0.05）；代乳料... 相似文献
10.
试验用3个不同配方的代乳料对羔羊进行早期断奶,研究其对羔羊体重、成活率、体尺等指标的影响.选择80只25日龄的无角陶赛特羔羊,随机分为4组进行试验.3个试验组5日龄内用代乳料逐渐代替母乳,另一组为对照组(自然哺乳).结果表明:①试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的只均日增重分别为:223.25、256.67和257.25 g,高于对照组的159.29 g,差异显著(P<0.05);②试验组羔羊体高、尻高、胸围、体长均高于对照组,试验组间无明显差异;③试验组成活率为100%,比对照组95%有所提高;④试验组羔羊断奶时只均利润比对照组增加了40元以上. 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
18.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献