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20 0 2年 8月 ,武汉市市郊某奶牛专业户所养奶牛发生一种以出血性顽固性拉稀、贫血消瘦、死亡为特征的疾病。根据临床发病情况、粪检、剖检虫检诊断为奶牛前后盘吸虫病。1 临床发病情况该奶牛专业户养黑白花奶牛 48头 ,主要采取常年江边自由放牧方式饲养。 2 0 0 2年 3月开始有几头拉稀 ,精神不佳 ,接着越来越多的奶牛拉稀 ,抗生素治疗无效。病牛体温不升高 ,食欲减退 ,渐进性消瘦 ,后拉血便 ,粪便稀薄呈粥样或水样 ,腥臭带血 ,有的发黑 ,消化不良。病程拖长后 ,病牛高度贫血 ,粘膜苍白 ,最后衰竭死亡 ,截止送检已死亡 6头。2 粪检将粪便… 相似文献
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养奶牛专业户陶某所饲养的42头育成奶牛突然发病,起初死亡2头,由于未来得及抢救,又死亡4头。笔者根据流行病学调查、临床症状、尸体剖检、实验室诊断和动物实验等综合诊断为奶牛苍耳种子中毒,并采取了相应的急救措施, 相似文献
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2006年2月4日17:00时许,我市上街基镇宏甸村养奶牛户打来求救电话称:自己饲养的奶牛突然死亡1头。市畜牧局迅速派出诊治小组赶赴现场。 相似文献
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宝鸡市农牧良种场是从1975年开始，由养马改养奶牛的，至今已整整20多年的历史了，截止1995年10月底，存栏奶牛760头，其中产奶牛400头、育成牛、犊牛360头；杨陵奶牛分场，存栏奶牛150头，产奶牛80头已年头均产奶量达到6500千克以上。随着我场奶牛群的不断扩大，给我们这些畜牧兽医工作者提出了不少新课题。其中，如何防治奶牛创伤性心包炎，保证奶牛业顺利发展已成为急待解决的一大难题。1奶牛死亡情况从1976年起的20年中，共死亡淘汰成年奶牛86头，其中因铁器污染息创伤性心包炎引头．占死亡、淘汰成年奶牛数的36．05％，每头牛平均按500… 相似文献
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据富裕县塔哈乡库木村兽医2003年6月14日报告,该村王某家所养的奶牛发病,现已死亡14头,情况非常严重。县、乡畜牧中心的技术人员在现场进行会诊,最后确诊该户所养奶牛所患病是由寄生在牛蜱中的焦虫破坏患畜的红细胞而引起患牛贫血、黄疽造血系统的机能障碍。经过采取检测、杀虫、消毒、治疗等综合措施,其余13头奶牛病情得到控制,患牛逐渐康复。现将这些奶牛患焦虫病的具体情况报告如下:1发病情况2003年5月11日,发现第1头奶牛患病,接着27头奶牛陆续发病,29日经多次治疗都不见效果,3头奶牛死亡,至6月14日,死亡奶牛已达到10头。而相邻周围各户… 相似文献
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近年来,农民养奶牛发展迅猛,有不少养牛户从中受益,脱贫致富,奔上小康路。然而,有些养奶牛户和一些准备投资养奶牛的农民在认识上存在误区,技术也很不规范,有的已出现亏损。当前,在发展奶牛养殖中主要存在三大误区和七大技术缺陷。(一)三大误区误区之一:养奶牛收入高。目前,有些地方为了突出形象工程,宣传说养1头奶牛一年能获纯收入1万元,其实这种宣传有些夸大其辞。那么,养1头奶牛一年到底能收入多少钱呢?我们对农村养奶牛户做了详细调查,以中上等奶牛测算,年可产鲜奶7500千克,除去一年的饲草料、水电费、人工费用约需9500元,而牛的鲜奶收… 相似文献
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<正> 我区的天堡奶牛养殖小区常年圈养奶牛400头。2003年5～7月,先后有12头奶牛患腐蹄病,请我们就诊。经我们采取治疗措施后,12头患病奶牛除1头因蹄部溃烂严重而卧地时间长被淘汰外,其余11头痊愈。该奶牛养殖小区现无本病发生。现将该病发生的原因,预防和治疗措施加以介绍,以供同行和养奶牛者参考。1 临床症状 患牛常将患蹄提起,以健蹄跳跃行走,有的牛则喜卧而不愿行动,不愿站立,食欲减退,皮毛粗乱无 相似文献
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尿素可作为反刍动物的蛋白质饲料来源 ,如在日粮中添加适量 ,可提高饲料效应 ,但由于饲喂方法和用量的错误 ,会引发中毒。1 发病经过2 0 0 2年 4月 ,铁力市桃山镇石长村奶牛户张家养奶牛 5头 ,听广播说尿素可使奶牛增重并提高泌乳量后 ,就将 5ｋｇ尿素溶解在水里 ,饮给 5头奶牛 ,饮后 15ｍｉｎ,5头奶牛突然发病 ,当即死亡 2头。2 临床症状3头病牛 ,其中 1例严重者侧卧于地 ,呈角弓反张姿势 ,瞳孔散大 ,眼球上翻 ,全身出汗 ,肌肉震颤 ,瘤胃膨气 ,腹围明显增大 ,可视黏膜重度发绀 ,口吐白沫 ,呼吸促迫 ,呈昏迷状态 ,心跳12 0次 /ｍｉｎ以上 … 相似文献
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<正>1发病情况河北省承德市双滦区一饲养户养的奶牛32头,其中4头产后奶牛发生此病;围场一家养奶牛10头,有三头产后奶牛发病,多为左方变位,其他牛场也有此病的发生,发病率在此期间达12% 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献