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1.
为了探究油菜花粉、玉米花粉、荷花花粉、茶花花粉四种不同花粉的营养成分,更好地发挥其营养价值,试验采用标准方法分别测定分析了花粉样本中的氨基酸、脂肪酸和矿物质含量。结果表明:四种不同的花粉均含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量占花粉总量的为16.23%~24.73%;四种花粉中必需氨基酸(EAA)含量丰富,必需氨基酸与该花粉氨基酸总量(TAA)之比的范围为39.00%~46.48%,说明氨基酸组成合理。不同花粉样本中的脂肪酸种类和含量差别较大,多不饱脂肪酸(PUFA)与饱和脂肪酸(SFA)相对含量的比值(PUFA/SFA)范围为0.96~1.77,以茶花花粉和油菜花粉较高(1.77);10种矿物质的含量均随蜂花粉品种不同而存在差异。  相似文献   

2.
为研究薄壳山核桃花粉中矿质元素含量与营养价值问题,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES),测定经湿化法处理的8个薄壳山核桃品种的花粉中K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn 7种矿质元素含量。结果表明：矿质元素含量存在品种差异,8种不同薄壳山核桃花粉中的3种常量元素的测定结果为K>Ca>Mg,其中‘马汉’花粉中K、Ca和Mg含量均最高。8种薄壳山核桃花粉中4种微量元素含量测定结果为Mn的含量最高,Cu的含量最低,其中‘金华’花粉中4种微量元素含量最高。花粉中钾和镁,铁和锰,铁和铜,锰和铜元素含量间呈显著相关,其中铁和锰含量间呈极显著相关,相关系数为0.921,其各元素间相关不显著。  相似文献   

3.
9个澳洲坚果品种的花粉对‘Kau’进行授粉,为该品种的授粉品种选配提供参考。结果表明：不同品种的花粉对‘Kau’的座果率、壳果纵横径、出仁率、一级果仁率及果仁中氨基酸组成、氨基酸组分含量、矿质元素含量、蛋白质、灰分、水分等指标有显著或极显著影响。对‘Kau’的壳果果形指数、果仁中单个果仁重、脂肪酸组分含量、粗脂肪、总糖等指标影响不显著。就最终座果率和果仁的经济性状而言,‘O.C’、‘918’适宜做‘Kau’的授粉品种。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】探讨不同授粉树对‘贵长’猕猴桃坐果率及果实品质的影响,为科学选配授粉树提供依据。【方法】从贵州省水城县及修文县选择18个不同品种(株系)授粉树,比较花粉性状并保存花粉,‘贵长’猕猴桃雌花大蕾期时进行人工授粉,比较不同花粉授粉下的果实品质差异。【结果】‘贵长’在单果重、种子数、种子重量、种子大小、果形、可溶性糖含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、维生素C含量、可溶性蛋白含量以及干物质均表现出明显的花粉直感效应,而果皮茸毛未表现出花粉直感效应。猕猴桃单果重受种子数、种子大小、种子重量及其他因素共同影响。多数情况下,高倍体作为父本表现出高坐果率。【结论】 供试花粉中：‘GX1’和‘GX12’在‘贵长’猕猴桃综合表现较好,适合作为‘贵长’配套授粉树。  相似文献   

5.
不同破壁法对花粉提取液中可溶性营养成分的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本文探讨了不同破壁法对不同花粉的破壁效果，以及对花粉提取液中可溶性营养成分的影响。用玉米、养麦、盐肤木等三种大小、形态、壁的厚薄及营养成分含量各异的花粉，分别进行水浸、机械破壁、温差破壁、酵母发酵、胃酶及米曲霉提取液消化等处理。不同破壁、提取方法作用的机理、强弱不同，花粉形态的变化也不一致。前三种方法属物理方法，花粉形态变化主要表现在破壁或内容物的外渗上，后三种本质上属酶消化法，花粉形态变化以内容物消化为主，其中以米曲霉提取液的消化现象最为典型。各处理中，机械破壁的效果显著优于其它处理；花粉水提液中可溶性氨基氮与维Ｃ含量，则以米曲霉组最高。此外，提取液中可溶性营养成分的多少，还受原花粉中营养成分含量高低的影响。  相似文献   

6.
研究仙进奉荔枝果实对不同品种荔枝花粉的直感效应,为仙进奉荔枝品种的优质栽培及荔枝新品种的推广应用提供理论依据。选用桂味、糯米糍、禾荔、紫娘喜、鸡嘴荔和仙进奉6个荔枝品种的花粉对仙进奉荔枝进行套袋杂交授粉,授粉后统计受粉雌花数,记录果实发育情况,果实成熟时统计结果总数,并对成熟时杂交果实的品质进行检测分析。结果显示,仙进奉荔枝的单果重、果实大小、色度、总糖含量、总酸含量、维生素C（Vc）含量和焦核率等均存在花粉直感效应。各品种果实的焦核率均存在花粉直感效应,其中,以仙进奉和桂味花粉进行授粉的果实焦核率较高,分别为95.57%和94.13%,以鸡嘴荔花粉进行授粉的果实焦核率次之,为88.37%,以糯米糍、禾荔和紫娘喜花粉进行授粉的果实焦核率较低。以桂味荔枝的花粉与仙进奉荔枝进行杂交授粉,收获的仙进奉果实坐果率高,单果重较大,可食率和焦核率均较高。因此,桂味荔枝可作为仙进奉荔枝较佳的授粉品种。  相似文献   

7.
本文选取7个泡核桃主栽品种,利用扫描电子显微镜在1300倍下观察花粉粒形态,9000倍观察萌发孔和外壁纹饰。结果表明,7种泡核桃品种均属单粒花粉,花粉形态一致,为近球形,表面布有萌发孔,外壁纹饰为颗粒状雕纹,与同科同属新疆栽培的普通核桃形态相似,与同科不同属的山核桃形态存在很大差异,且不同泡核桃品种间的花粉和萌发孔大小等存在显著差异或极显著差异,以此可作为泡核桃品种鉴定、划分和判断亲缘关系远近的依据。  相似文献   

8.
《中国蜂业》2017,(5):48-51
蜂巢花粉是蜜蜂真正的天然食物,是蜜蜂采集植物花粉过程或在蜂房内掺入自身唾液与蜂蜜后酿造成熟的产品,蜜蜂及其幼虫缺食蜂巢花粉,将造成群势下降、幼虫不能完全羽化。根据蜜蜂酿制花粉的原理,我们采用多级发酵技术,确立了仿生蜂巢花粉的制备方法;通过蜂花粉、蜂巢花粉、仿生蜂巢花粉(三种材料都是油菜花粉)对比研究试验,发现仿生蜂巢花粉中的活性化学成分含量高于蜂花粉、蜂巢花粉的含量。通过对不同花粉淀粉酶、蛋白酶的对比检测试验,发现仿生蜂巢花粉中这两种活性酶的含量与蜂巢花粉的含量十分接近。本研究为进一步开发活性仿生蜂巢花粉制剂及其单一活性物质产品提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
应用扫描电镜对卫星搭载的2个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种的花粉显微结构进行了观察研究.结果表明:花粉为长球形和近球形2种,赤道面观为椭圆形,极面观为三裂圆形,具3(拟)孔沟,沟为条形,狭缝状,沟长至两极,孔处有外突或无;花粉外壁纹饰为穴状、粗糙状、网状3种;花粉的外壁纹饰不同品种间以及同一品种的不同处理间均有差异.这2个紫花苜蓿品种的花粉形状、大小和外壁纹饰与地面对照对应品种的花粉存在显著差异(P＜0.05),表明空间飞行因子可导致花粉发育异常及可遗传突变等诱变效应.卫星搭载的2个品种存在花粉败育,不同品种间败育花粉数量存在差异.败育花粉粒形状干瘪,外形异常.  相似文献   

10.
魏丽  曾志将 《中国蜂业》2009,60(6):12-14
【研究目的】本研究对18种中国部分商品蜂蜜中的花粉进行了检测分析,以此对商品蜂蜜中植物花粉的检测鉴定提供一定的参考标准。【方法】运用蜂蜜中植物花粉的检测法。【结果】不同种类蜂蜜中植物花粉形态、含量及浓度均有所差异。【结论】井艮据蜂蜜中植物花粉形态、含量及浓度可以判断蜂蜜品种和品质。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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