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以T337自根砧和山定子/T337中间砧富士苹果幼树为试材,在年生长周期内主要物候期进行整株解析,分别测定主干粗度、树高、根长、根尖数等树体形态指标,并将整树解析为根木质部、根韧皮部、侧根、砧木木质部、砧木韧皮部、主干木质部、主干韧皮部、叶片、新梢9部分,分别测定各部位不同时期的生物量和K含量。结果表明,T337中间砧富士苹果幼树生长势明显强于T337自根砧。不同砧木类型影响富士苹果幼树K的吸收运输,对树体不同部位K的累积分配影响较小。2种砧木类型富士苹果幼树不同时期K累积增长量均较高,建议定植前施足钾肥。 相似文献
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正据《果树学报》2017年第12期《4种梨砧木实生苗生长及其叶片、新梢和根中的矿质元素含量的变化》(作者张玉良等)报道,为研究不同梨砧木实生苗新梢生长动态与生长期内叶片、新梢(去叶)及根中矿质营养含量的变化,明确不同梨砧木实生苗在矿质元素含量及生长方面存在的 相似文献
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为筛选陇东地区适宜的砧穗组合,以八棱海棠为基砧,“长富2号”为接穗,M26中间砧为对照,研究法系砧木Pajama1等9种矮化中间砧木对“长富2号”苹果幼树生长、嫁接亲和性及晚霜冻害抗性的影响。结果表明：定植5年后,以GM256、B9及M9为中间砧的“长富2号”组合在树体结构、枝量与枝类组成、嫁接亲和性和晚霜冻害抗性综合表现优于对照。利用主成分分析法得到综合得分值来评价8种砧木对“长富2号”生长发育的影响,综合得分由高到低依次为GM256、B9、M9、M26(CK)、Pajama 2、Pajama 1、Emla、MARK 和Nakb。 相似文献
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１断砧根就地嫁接在娄底地区气候条件下嫁接,应选择早春树液流动旺盛的前期,一般在２月底至３月初进行。嫁接时,先用锄或铲从砧木两侧深切,切断部分砧木根系,再就地快速嫁接。２掘砧木异地嫁接嫁接时先将砧木掘出来,剪去部分主根和侧根,在室内进行嫁接后再移植苗圃。３对大砧留枝缓势嫁接对２～３年生大砧嫁接树,可在主枝上选枝嫁接,并留引水技,引导树液流向引水枝,减缓主枝嫁接部位树液流动。提高嫁接杨梅树成活率技术@刘英才$湖南省娄底市农业局!417000 相似文献
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以 4个砧穗组合的长富2号苹果为试材,研究不同砧穗组合对长富2号苹果果实品质的影响．结果表明: T337自根砧富士苹果的单果质量、果实纵径和果实横径最大,显著高于中间砧T337; 自根砧T337的可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖含量、糖酸比、干物质含量最大,中间砧T337维生素C含量最大,自根砧T337可滴定酸含量最小;中间砧T337果皮破裂距离、果皮韧性、果肉起始硬度、果肉平均硬度最大,中间砧M9果皮脆性最大,中间砧T337果肉细度显著低于其它组合．采用模糊评价法综合评价4种砧木对富士苹果果实品质的影响,在葫芦岛地区,自根砧T337嫁接富士苹果果实品质优于中间砧木,适宜砧木顺序依次为自根砧T337、中间砧M9、中间砧Pajama2、中间砧T337。 相似文献
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为研究不同砧木/中间砧对红美人生产的影响,促进红美人产业高效可持续发展,本研究选取了7种国内主要砧木品种和5种中间砧,研究其嫁接红美人嫁接口愈合情况、成活率及树体生长情况。结果表明：不同砧木品种中,资阳香橙砧红美人嫁接口愈合好、成活率高且长势最强,枳、卡里佐枳橙砧红美人次之;小红橙砧红美人嫁接口愈合一般;宁海香橙砧红美人长势最差;不同中间砧红美人中,大分砧红美人生长最好,嫁接口愈合好且嫁接成活率高、接穗生长量大,与大叶尾张中间砧红美人无显著差异,宫川砧红美人次之,本地早和椪柑为中间砧嫁接红美人,嫁接口愈合程度及嫁接成活率稍差,易出现“大小脚”情况。可为后续红美人生产砧木选择及已建园红美人生产园后续生产管理提供参考。 相似文献
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多年来,枇杷[Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lind]砧木的选育工作相对滞后,特别是在矮化树形方面等无可应用的种质。本研究针对枇杷砧木系统研究较少,特别是矮化砧木缺乏的现状,以矮化株系非整倍体H39、三倍体品种‘无核国玉’做中间砧,‘华白1号’为接穗,对嫁接植株的生长量、光合效率和叶绿素含量进行测定。结果显示,非整倍体H39、‘无核国玉’作中间砧,植株的生长量较少：植株高度、叶片数量、叶片大小均低于二倍体作中间砧植株和对照;光合日变化也明显不同,非整倍体和三倍体植株作中间砧使‘华白1号’叶片光合效率日变化的峰值较对照和二倍体作中间砧植株低,且峰值出现时间延后约2 h。上述结果表明,枇杷非整倍体株系H39和三倍体品种‘无核国玉’作中间砧在苗期有矮化枇杷树形的效果,这可能与亲和性、以及较低的叶片光合效率有关,这为枇杷矮化砧木的选育提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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正据《中国农业科学》2018年第4期《5个矮化中间砧对"沂水红"富士苹果生长、结果和叶片矿质元素积累的影响》(作者何平等)报道,为探讨5个不同矮化中间砧对"沂水红"富士树体生长发育的影响,为推广中国培育的具有自主知识产权的苹果矮化砧木提供依据。以5年生的矮化中间砧苹果幼树(沂水红富士/M26、SH6、青砧2号、辽砧2号、M9T337/平邑甜茶)为试 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献