共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
养牛业是支撑、带动畜牧经济发展的重要产业之一，保证养牛业健康稳定发展尤为重要。规模化牛场犊牛养殖时，对于饲养管理技术有着较高的要求，为保证犊牛健康成长，顺利出栏，获得理想的养殖效益，做好犊牛养殖管理工作意义重大。基于此，本文着重对规模化牛场犊牛养殖技术要点展开了深入研究。 相似文献
3.
4.
牛场每年均发生一种以犊牛运动障碍致使犊牛陆续淘汰的疾病。本病我场今年发病犊牛比较多，从元月至今产犊327头有6头犊牛发病，发病率约占新生犊牛的1．83％，发病犊牛淘汰率为100％，严重地制约了养牛业的发展，给牛场带来了较大的经济损失。为此我常常想原因并对此病进行病因分析。从实验室检验、流行病学调查及临床症状等结果来看， 相似文献
5.
犊牛腹泻是威胁规模化牛场健康发展的重要因素之一.为伊犁州直规模化牛场及诊疗机构的犊牛腹泻防治提供参考依据,笔者通过现场走访、调查和实践,分析伊犁州直规模化牛场犊牛腹泻的致病因素,包括妊娠母牛和犊牛饲养管理不当、基础配套设施及专业技术人员缺乏、防疫体系不健全等,在总结多个规模化牛场犊牛腹泻防治经验的基础上,提出加强妊娠母... 相似文献
6.
7.
《中国奶牛》2021,(8)
为考察中国西南地区奶牛场饲养管理情况,本次专项调研收集了来自四川、云南、贵州、重庆四个省、直辖市的47家存栏量100头以上的规模化牛场数据,分析了调研牛场的存栏量、年产奶量、牛舍类型和犊牛饲养管理以及其随牛场规模的变化情况。结果得出:(1)1 000头以上规模牛场较100～499头规模牛场年平均产奶量高了11.1%。(2)西南地区主要以半开放式牛舍为主,占调研牛场的46.8%,随着牛场牛舍封闭程度的提高(从开放式到封闭式),泌乳牛年产奶量提高10.0%。(3)新生犊牛配置新生犊牛保育舍和专用产犊区、哺乳期犊牛一直单栏饲养或先单栏饲养后大群饲养、断奶缓冲7d再转群的牛场,泌乳牛年平均产奶量高。综上所述,奶牛的产奶量与牛场存栏规模、牛舍类型以及犊牛的饲养管理密切相关。 相似文献
8.
9.
２００１年上半年,笔者到梅县某大型牛场技术挂点。该牛场有南阳母牛３６８头,犊牛２７６头,均为冷精配种;犊牛种类有婆罗门、夏洛来、梨木赞、皮埃蒙特的杂交后代,其中３周龄以下的犊牛５６头。３月初,笔者发现有犊牛拉白色、水样或糊状稀便,经综合诊断为犊牛的大肠杆菌病,现将有关 相似文献
10.
为了解北疆某规模化奶牛场近2年的犊牛腹泻发病情况及可能诱发犊牛腹泻的主要风险因素。试验通过整理该牛场2020—2021年犊牛腹泻临床病例记录及其背景调查,同时采用细菌培养鉴定法对该牛场犊牛腹泻发病情况及主要风险因素进行初步统计分析。结果显示,该奶牛场近两年的犊牛腹泻发病率分别为19.80%(80/404)和10.74%(48/447)。对该牛场处于不同饲养阶段的犊牛的腹泻发病情况进行χ2检验,发现该牛场2年的处于不同饲养阶段的犊牛腹泻发病情况差异性显著(P<0.05),其中处于常乳哺乳期的犊牛和处于“常乳＋开口料”的犊牛的腹泻发病情况均明显高于初乳哺乳期、“常乳+犊牛料”和断奶期的犊牛。从部分犊牛水样粪便样本中初步分离鉴定出大肠杆菌。结果表明,该奶牛场近两年的犊牛腹泻发病情况有所好转,结合其饲养背景及细菌培养鉴定,初步分析认为犊牛母源抗体下降、常乳饲喂模式不精细、感染环境致病菌等情况可能是诱发该牛场犊牛腹泻的主要风险因素。 相似文献
11.
12.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
13.
14.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
15.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
16.
17.
18.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献