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1.
半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了研究半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育的影响,选6只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和8只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验.结果表明,空怀奶山羊对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育,几乎看不到乳导管,试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育;妊娠奶山羊对照组乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育,腺导管有明显的生长,试验组乳腺有大量的腺泡发育,腺导管生长更明显,且有分泌物出现.试验期血浆中与乳腺发育相关的激素水平明显升高.以上结果提示半胱胺在一定程度上促进了奶山羊乳腺发育. 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(1)
为了分析探究移植骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)对萨能奶山羊乳腺组织发育的影响,试验选取2月龄且体重接近的健康萨能奶山羊16只,随机分为对照组和试验组,将扩增至P6代的BMSCs按体重5×105个/kg经颈静脉注射至奶山羊体内,对照组注射等量生理盐水,在相同饲养管理条件下饲养,分别在3,5,7月龄进行乳腺组织样品采集,制备乳腺组织冰冻切片,在显微镜下观察3,5,7月龄奶山羊乳腺组织形态及各组乳腺组织导管数和腺泡数。在7,8,9月龄测定乳房线性性状包括乳房宽度、乳房深度、乳房围、乳房高度、乳房纵沟深、乳头长度、乳头直径、乳头左右间距、乳房曲深、乳房附着高度、乳房附着宽度共计11个指标。结果表明:奶山羊移植BMSCs后,3月龄时试验组与对照组差异不显著(P0.05);5月龄时试验组乳腺导管变粗,腺泡增多,试验组导管数、腺泡数均显著高于对照组(P0.05);7月龄时试验组乳腺发育明显快于对照组,导管生长更明显,且试验组导管数、腺泡数均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验组各项乳房线性性状均高于对照组。其中乳房宽度、乳房深度试验组8月龄和9月龄显著高于对照组(P0.05)。说明注射BMSCs能促进奶山羊乳腺导管延伸、变粗,增加腺泡数,促进乳腺组织发育。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究移植骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）对萨能奶山羊乳腺发育的影响。选取体重接近的2月龄健康萨能奶山羊16只,随机分为对照组和试验组。将扩增至P6代的BMSCs经颈静脉注射至奶山羊体内,对照组注射等量生理盐水,两组间饲养管理均相同。每月进行空腹采血,并分别在3、5和7月龄采集乳腺组织样品,制备乳腺组织冰冻切片,观察记录各组乳腺组织导管数和腺泡数。结果显示,移植BMSCs后,5和7月龄时,试验组奶山羊的导管数、腺泡数均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。在5、7、8、9月龄时,试验组奶山羊血清中雌激素（E2）水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;在5~9月龄时,试验组血清中孕酮（P）水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;在7~9月龄时,试验组血清中催乳素（PRL）和胰岛素（INS）水平均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;8、9月龄时,试验组血清中促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;整个试验过程中试验组血清中瘦素（LEP）、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）水平均高于对照组,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。综上所述,注射BMSCs能增加奶山羊乳腺导管数和腺泡数,提高血清中激素水平,从而促进乳房发育。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮添加甜菜碱对巴马香猪繁殖性能、初乳成分及血浆代谢物和繁殖激素含量的影响。选取3~7胎次巴马香猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20头,单栏饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加3.5 kg/t甜菜碱盐酸盐。试验期为母猪配种后第3天至分娩后第21天。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮添加甜菜碱显著降低仔猪死亡率(P<0.05),增加断奶仔猪数(P=0.087);饲粮添加甜菜碱显著增加初乳中乳蛋白和尿素氮含量(P<0.05);饲粮添加甜菜碱显著降低妊娠第75天血浆总蛋白(TP)含量(P<0.05),显著降低妊娠第105天血浆TP含量和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性(P<0.05),显著增加妊娠第75天血浆碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性以及产后第7天血浆AST和ALP活性(P<0.05),且妊娠第105天血浆ALP活性呈增加趋势(P=0.073);饲粮添加甜菜碱显著降低妊娠第45天血浆催乳素(PRL)、孕酮(PROG)、促卵泡素(FSH)和雌二醇(E2)含量以及妊娠第75天血浆PRL和PROG含量(P<0.05),且妊娠第75天血浆E2含量(P=0.061)和妊娠第105天血浆FSH含量(P=0.062)呈下降趋势。综上所述,饲粮添加甜菜碱可改善初乳成分和血浆代谢物含量,降低血浆繁殖激素含量,进而增加断奶仔猪数。 相似文献
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实验性乳腺炎小鼠乳腺肥大细胞的变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法和苏木精-伊红染色法对金黄色葡萄球菌诱发实验性乳腺炎小鼠乳腺肥大细胞的数量、分布、活性进行了研究。正常对照组小鼠乳腺组织中肥大细胞主要分布于乳腺小叶之间的结缔组织中,有些围绕血管或乳腺导管分布,腺上皮之间没有肥大细胞分布;阳性试验组小鼠乳腺肥大细胞主要分布在相邻腺泡周围或腺导管上皮周围,胞质内充满异染颗粒,脱颗粒状态显著,甚至表现有颗粒耗竭现象,腺泡中有一定程度的肥大细胞浸润。肥大细胞计数结果显示,阳性试验组母鼠乳腺内的肥大细胞数急剧增多,显著高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而脱颗粒肥大细胞数阳性试验组与正常对照组相比极显著增多(P<0.01)。结论:肥大细胞在小鼠乳腺炎的致病机制中发挥重要作用,参与了乳腺炎的发病过程。 相似文献
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亚麻籽木脂素对青春期雌性大鼠乳腺发育及相关内分泌的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
亚麻籽木脂素(SDG)为植物雌激素中的一种,具有雌激素样和抗雌激素样生物活性。选用24只雌性青春期大鼠,随机分成3组,即对照组(基础日粮)、试验组Ⅰ(基础日粮中添加SDG)、试验组Ⅱ(基础日粮中添加抗生素和SDG),采用石蜡切片技术、高效液相色谱、放射免疫分析等方法,探讨SDG及其动物木脂素对乳腺发育的作用机制及对相关激素的影响。结果:试验组Ⅰ大鼠的乳腺形态学发育水平,乳腺组织中DNA、RNA含量和RNA/DNA均显著高于试验组Ⅱ和对照组(P<0.05)。试验组Ⅰ血清和乳腺中SDG、肠二醇(END)、肠内脂(ENL)含量、17β-雌二醇(17β-E2)和孕酮(P)浓度均较对照组显著增加(P<0.01);上列指标高于试验组Ⅱ,而后者高于对照组。试验表明:添喂抗生素抑制肠道微生物降低动物木脂素产生;亚麻籽木脂素和其主要代谢产物END、ENL可能分别通过直接作用与神经内分泌途径促进大鼠的乳腺发育。 相似文献
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在夏季应用氯前列烯醇诱导流产山羊发情的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选择2～5岁繁殖正常、体况中等的黄淮山羊空怀母羊10只为对照组,妊娠60 d母羊4只注射己烯雌酚流产后3～5 d为试验组,应用氯前列烯醇诱导发情。结果表明,试验组羊雌二醇、孕酮1～9d均呈上升趋势;9d雌二醇与1d比较呈显著性差异(P<0.05);而4d孕酮高于1d和14d,呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。在整个试验期,试验组孕酮含量均低于对照组(P>0.05)。PGc二次处理试验组96 h内发情率50％,均为异常发情。综合分析认为,夏季母羊流产后12～14d卵巢出现产后首次卵泡波,流产早期不适合诱导发情。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献
20.
Bazin H 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):293-308
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing. 相似文献