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为寻找和开发绿色环保且可有效抑制植物病原真菌的中草药资源，为植物源杀菌剂的开发奠定研究基础。本研究以黄瓜枯萎病菌和番茄早疫病菌为供试菌，对川芎、黄柏、连翘和地锦草乙醇提取物的16种萃取物的抑菌活性进行了测定，并观测了抑制菌丝生长效果最好的川芎石油醚萃取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌孢子萌发和菌丝形态的影响。结果表明：川芎石油醚萃取物、连翘乙酸乙酯萃取物和黄柏正丁醇萃取物对2种病菌菌丝生长均具有较好的抑制活性。其中，川芎石油醚萃取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌和番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长的抑制中浓度(IC50)分别为3.68 mg/mL和5.82 mg/mL；川芎石油醚萃取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌孢子萌发也有一定抑制作用，IC50为11.29 mg/mL，且在菌丝生长IC50浓度下导致菌丝形态异常。川芎石油醚萃取物可作为新型植物源抑菌剂来源进一步研究。 相似文献
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采用冷浸法以体积分数 75%乙醇提取五脉地椒得浸膏, 依次用石油醚、 氯仿、 乙酸乙酯、 正丁醇萃取, 减压浓缩得到 5 种粗提物组分, 测定 5 种萃取物对油菜菌核病菌、 黄瓜枯萎病菌、 苹果斑点落叶病菌和葡萄轮斑病菌的抑制作用。 抑菌试验 （生长速率法） 结果表明, 石油醚、 氯仿、 乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物对的菌丝生长均有明显抑制作用, 水萃取物的抑菌作用不明显; 在质量浓度 10 mg/mL 下, 氯仿、 乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物对 4 种菌丝生长的抑制率均在 60%以上, 其中乙酸乙酯萃取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率可达 100%。 相似文献
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五脉地椒粗提物对果蔬病原菌的抑制作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用冷浸法以体积分数75%的乙醇提取五脉地椒浸膏,依次用石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,减压浓缩得到5种粗提物组分,测定5种萃取物对油菜菌核病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、苹果斑点落叶病菌和葡萄轮斑病菌的抑制作用。抑菌试验(生长速率法)结果表明,石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物对菌丝的生长均有明显抑制作用,水萃取物的抑菌作用不明显;在质量浓度10 mg/mL下,氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物对4种菌丝生长的抑制率均在60%以上,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物对黄瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率可达100%。 相似文献
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广玉兰叶乙醇提取物对植物病原真菌抑菌活性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
同过测定广玉兰（Magnolia grandiflor .Lima）叶的乙醇提取物以及不同溶剂萃取层对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,寻找广玉兰叶中的农用活性物质,为其综合开发利用提供科学依据。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了广玉兰叶乙醇提取物对8种植物病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明,当供试浓度为1.0 mg/ml时对苹果腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)、白菜黑斑病菌(Alternaria brassicicola)的抑菌率比较高,抑菌率分别为81.4%和52.1%。当供试浓度为5.0 mg/ml时,对小麦赤霉病菌(Gibberella zeae)、棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)和苹果轮纹病菌(Physalospora piricola nose)的抑菌率也比较高,均为50.0%以上。乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌和白菜黑斑病菌EC50分别为0.04 mg/ml和1.20 mg/ml。广玉兰叶乙醇提取物的不同极性溶剂萃取物中正己烷层与乙酸乙酯层的抑菌活性较高,EC50分别为0.03 mg/ml和0.11 mg/ml。活性物质主要集中于正己烷和乙酸乙酯萃取部分,是进一步研究的重点。 相似文献
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苦葛提取物抑菌活性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究苦葛提取物的抑菌活性,为利用苦葛开发高效、安全、与环境友好的新型生物农药奠定基础,为苦葛资源的综合开发利用提供理论依据。采用菌丝生长速率法,测定苦葛提取物对水稻纹枯病菌、梨黑星病菌、燕麦镰刀病菌、番茄早疫病菌和烟草赤星病菌等植物病原菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。苦葛提取物对水稻纹枯病菌菌丝生长具有很强的抑制作用,随着浓度的提高,抑制作用增强,其毒力回归方程为y=1.5599x+1.2562,相关系数R为0.9640,EC50值为0.2525 mg/mL;苦葛提取物对梨黑星病菌、燕麦镰刀病菌、番茄早疫病菌、烟草赤星病菌的菌丝生长也具有较强的抑制作用,在10 mg/mL浓度下,菌丝生长抑制率均达80%以上。苦葛提取物具有很强的抑菌活性,并且具有较广的杀菌谱,值得进一步深入研究开发新型生物农药,并进行综合开发利用。 相似文献
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合欢叶乙醇提取物对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要: 本文通过测定合欢叶的乙醇提取物以及各萃取部分对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,寻找合欢叶中的农用活性物质,为其综合开发利用提供科学依据。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了合欢叶（Albizia julibrissin）乙醇提取物对8种植物病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明,在供试浓度为5.0 mg•mL-1时,合欢叶乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌（Valsa mali）、番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）、立枯丝核病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）和辣椒炭疽菌(Colletotrichum capsici)的抑菌活性较高,抑菌率分别为84.62、68.42、55.48和48.81%;EC50分别为0.516、1.110、6.630和9.770 mg•mL-1。合欢叶乙醇提取物的不同极性溶剂萃取物中正丁醇层与水层的抑菌活性较高。正丁醇层对苹果腐烂病菌的抑菌作用最好,EC50达0.012 mg•mL-1。活性物质主要集中于正丁醇萃取部分,是进一步研究的重点。 相似文献
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22种植物乙醇提取物对植物病原菌的抑菌作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以苹果腐烂病菌、苹果炭疽病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌和棉花枯萎病菌为供试菌种,用生长速率法测定了22种植物乙醇提取物的抑菌活性。结果表明:在浓度为40mg/ml时,不同植物的乙醇提取物对这4种植物病原菌的抑制作用有明显差别,其中香樟树、山麦冬、元宝槭、地笋、浒苔、鸡爪槭、鹅掌楸、长蒴黄麻和黑松对苹果腐烂病菌抑制率均达到80%以上。综合来看,以香樟树叶和鹅掌楸叶乙醇提取物对供试植物病原菌的抑制活性较好。以活性较高的香樟树叶和鹅掌楸叶乙醇提取物对另外11种植物病原菌进行活性测定。结果表明,香樟树叶的乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌、茄子绵疫病菌和小麦纹枯病菌的抑制效果较好;鹅掌楸叶的乙醇提取物对苹果腐烂病菌、葡萄白腐病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑制效果较好。对香樟树叶和鹅掌楸叶乙醇提取物抑制作用较好的病原菌进行了毒力测定,计算出了毒力方程和EC50。 相似文献
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海桐叶乙醇提取物及其萃取相的除草活性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了找到海桐叶器官中除草活性物质的提取分离方法,采用琼脂法研究海桐叶乙醇溶液提取物及其不同溶剂萃取相对夏至草、生菜、小麦和稗草4种受体植物幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,海桐叶乙醇溶液提取物对4种受体植物幼苗均有不同程度的抑制作用,且生菜、小麦和夏至草的敏感性明显高于稗草;进一步利用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇对提取物进行萃取,获得含水相在内的4个萃取相,尽管它们对4种受体植物幼苗生长的抑制作用存在较大差异,但都表现出较高的活性。说明乙醇提取物及其4个不同溶剂萃取相中均存在高除草活性物质,且种类比较复杂。 相似文献
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中草药提取物对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychus cinnabarinus)生物活性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过玻片浸渍法室内测定了8种供试中草药的3种提取物对朱砂叶螨成螨的触杀活性。当提取物浓度达到2mg?mL- 1时,旋覆花与石楠叶石油醚提取物、蓖麻子甲醇提取物的杀螨活性较高。毒力活性测定表明：旋覆花与石楠叶石油醚提取物的LC50值分别为(1.1843±0.0868mg/mL)和(1.3731±0.0898 mg/mL)、蓖麻子甲醇提取物的LC50值为(1.2111±0.1616 mg/mL)。由此表明,这3种植物的提取物均具有较好的杀螨生物活性。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献