共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 765 毫秒
1.
本研究旨在评估昆虫粉对肉鸡生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道发酵的影响。试验将432只1日龄商品肉鸡分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复24只。各组肉鸡分别饲喂基础日粮（对照组）、基础日粮+0.5%黄粉虫粉（黄粉虫组）和基础日粮+0.5%水虻粉（水虻组）,饲养试验为期4周。结果：对照组15～28?d肉鸡料重比较黄粉虫和水虻组分别显著提高8.10%和4.13%（P＜0.05）,对照组1～28?d肉鸡料重比较黄粉虫组显著提高5.35%（P＜0.05）。黄粉虫和水虻粉组肉鸡血清白蛋白和磷浓度显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）,但胆固醇浓度显著降低（P＜0.05）。黄粉虫组肉鸡血清GOT活性显著低于对照组和水虻粉组（P＜0.05）。水虻粉组血清MDA浓度显著低于黄粉虫组（P＜0.05）,但血清SOD活性表现最高（P＜0.05）。对照组肉鸡盲肠α-葡萄糖苷酶和β-半乳糖酶活性显著高于水虻粉组（P＜0.05）,而β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著高于黄粉虫组（P＜0.05）。对照组盲肠内容物乙酸、丙酸和挥发性脂肪酸总量浓度显著高于处理组（P＜0.05）。结论：1～28?d肉鸡日粮中补充0.5%黄粉虫可以改善饲料效率,降低血清胆固醇浓度,而0.5%水虻粉可以提高肉鸡血清抗氧化功能。
[关键词]昆虫粉|肉鸡|生长性能|血液生化|肠道发酵 相似文献
2.
1120只AA肉鸡,四种日粮小麦水平30%、40%、50%和60%,四种酶添加量0mg/kg、5mg/kg、10mg/kg、15mg/kg,组合成16种日粮处理,用来研究木聚糖酶对肉鸡肠道食糜黏度和肉仔鸡生产性能的影响.试验结果表明添加木聚糖酶后,可以提高肉鸡1-21日龄的生产性能,并且酶的添加量越高,生产性能的提高幅度越大,但是添加木聚糖酶水平之间没有显著性差异(P＞0.05).日粮中小麦水平越高,肉鸡肠道食糜黏度越大(P＜0.05).添加木聚糖酶后肠道食糜黏度降低(P＜0.05),各酶水平之间未见显著性差异.经回归分析,肠道食糜黏度的下降与肉仔鸡平均日增重和饲料转化效率之间有直线回归关系,其中与饲料转化效率之间回归方程为FCR=1.523+0.201ln(Ⅴ)(R2=0.649),说明肠道食糜黏度对饲料转化效率的影响较大. 相似文献
3.
肉仔鸡日糖中添加乳杆菌属培养物对消化酶及细菌酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验以研究杆菌属培养物对（1）肉鸡小肠（十二指肠远端至回盲结合部）内容物淀粉酶、脂肪酶及蛋白酶活性及（2）小肠内容物和粪便中细菌β－葡萄糖苷酸酶和β－葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响，肉鸡分为3组，分别对应3个日粮处理：基础日粮、基础日粮＋0.1%嗜酸乳杆菌干培养物及基础日粮＋0.1%的12株乳杆菌干混合培养物。结果表明，两个试验组均显著提高了40日龄肉鸡的小肠淀粉酶活性（P＜0.05），但脂肪酶及蛋白酶活不受显著影响，同时还降低了小肠及粪便中β－葡萄糖苷酸酶活及粪便的β－葡萄糖苷酶活，但小肠的β－葡萄糖苷酶活性却未受显著影响。 相似文献
4.
为提高纤维素的利用率,寻找到安全性能好、产酶效率高的菌株添加剂添加到饲料中,以提升动物对饲料的利用率,从牦牛瘤胃中分离高产纤维素酶菌株,进行16S rDNA的鉴定,并探究其在不同温度、pH、接种量和发酵阶段产内切型-β-葡聚糖酶、外切型-β-葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶的特性。结果表明：通过形态学鉴定以及16S rDNA基因序列测定,最终确定高产菌株M1为克雷伯氏菌（Klebsiella oxytoca）。M1产内切型-β-葡聚糖酶活性大于外切型-β-葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶;M1在35℃、pH为7、接种量为2%的条件下产内切型-β-葡聚糖酶的效率最高,在30℃、pH为6、接种量为2%的条件下产外切型-β-葡聚糖酶的效率最高,在30℃、pH为6、接种量为1%条件下产β-葡萄糖苷酶的效率最高;在M1生长过程中,先产生了β-葡萄糖苷酶,其次是外切型-β-葡聚糖酶、内切型-β-葡聚糖酶,并且外切酶活性远远大于内切酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。 相似文献
5.
试验旨在了解嗜酸乳杆菌培养物和12株乳杆菌菌株混合培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、小肠内容物中淀粉水解酶、蛋白水解酶、脂肪酶活性以及对在粪便和肠内容物中的β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性的影响。试验选择180只1日龄健康肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,即基础日粮组(对照组)、基础日粮+1%嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组、基础日粮+1%12株乳杆菌菌株混合培养物组,试验期为40 d。结果表明,与对照组比较,嗜酸乳杆菌培养物组或乳杆菌混合菌株培养物组均能显著提高肉鸡末重(P0.05),降低料肉比(P0.05),提高淀粉酶活性(P0.05),降低肠道β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶活性和粪便β-葡萄糖苷酶活性(P0.05);嗜酸乳杆菌培养物物组对小肠内蛋白质水解酶和脂肪水解酶的活性没有影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
6.
7.
试验旨在从自然界中筛选β-葡萄糖苷酶高产菌株,对其进行鉴定和产酶条件优化。采用七叶苷显色技术分离和筛选β-葡萄糖苷酶菌株,采用固体发酵技术对其产酶条件进行优化,通过形态学特征及系统发育分析对其进行鉴定。结果表明,在广西河池喀斯特地貌自然植被区筛选出1株产β-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株,将其鉴定为棘孢曲霉（Aspergillus aculeatus）,得到最佳产酶条件为pH值7.0、温度28℃、装液量40 mL/250 mL,经过优化后该棘孢曲霉菌株的产酶能力达到了42.75 U/mL,相较于出发条件提高了10.9倍。研究表明,研究筛选得到的棘孢曲霉能够稳定产生β-葡萄糖苷酶,经固体发酵技术优化后产酶能力得到了较大提高,且在中性条件下产酶量最高,在饲料生产中具有应用价值。 相似文献
8.
《广东饲料》2016,(5)
本文开展了两个试验研究球虫感染对饲喂低蛋白饲粮和选择性降低某些氨基酸浓度对肉鸡生长性能、血浆中类胡萝卜素含量和肠道细胞因子应答的影响。试验1验证了5种肉鸡配方饲粮的效果。第1种为含19.0%粗蛋白的玉米-豆粕基础饲粮,第2种为含有16.7%粗蛋白的低蛋白饲粮对照组,并含有与第1种基础饲粮相同的标准回肠可消化赖氨酸、总含硫氨基酸和蛋氨酸;第3-5种均为低蛋白饲粮,在第2种低蛋白对照组基础上分别降低30%的总含硫氨基酸、赖氨酸或苏氨酸。试验期为肉鸡孵化后第14天至23天。饲喂玉米豆粕基础饲粮组和低蛋白对照组两组肉鸡的体增重和饲料转化率值最高(P0.05)且均相似,但是苏氨酸、总含硫氨基酸或赖氨酸降低组肉鸡饲料转化率均显著降低(P0.05)。在试验2中,试验设计为9饲粮处理×2感染状态共18个处理组的因子设计。饲粮处理包括与试验1中类似的低蛋白对照组饲粮和8种低蛋白饲粮分别降低40%的总含硫氨基酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸和甘氨酸+丝氨酸。试验期为孵化后10天到28天,并于孵化后15天分别接种0或4.0×105个已孢子化的球虫卵囊。与低蛋白饲粮对照组相比,除了苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸降低组外,其它氨基酸降低组肉鸡的生长性能均显著降低(P0.05)。赖氨酸和缬氨酸降低组肉鸡的体增重和饲料转化率最低(P0.05)。球虫感染降低了肉鸡的生长性能和血浆中的类胡萝卜素含量,但在各饲粮处理组间,球虫感染的影响效果变异较大,饲粮和球虫感染互作的影响显著(P0.05)。球虫感染组肉鸡肠道中γ-干扰素、白介素1β或白介素-10的增加不受饲粮中氨基酸降低的影响。 相似文献
9.
本论文研究了在正常养殖状况下于饲料中添加药物和β-甘露聚糖酶后对肉鸡血浆酸性糖蛋白(AGP)水平、生产性能的影响。试验选择健康肉鸡1 500只,随机分为3组:一个对照组和两个试验组,每组500只。各个组都添加盐霉素(60 g/t饲料)防球虫感染。第1组为对照组(CONTR),不添加杆菌肽锌和β-甘露聚糖酶,第2组添加杆菌肽锌(50 g/t饲料,ZINEB)而不添加β-甘露聚糖酶,第3组添加β-甘露聚糖酶(100 g/t饲料,MANNS)而不加杆菌肽锌。整个试验期为42 d。试验过程中肉鸡自由采食、自由饮水。结果表明,与对照组相比,两个试验组鸡只血浆中的AGP均明显降低,且β-甘露聚糖酶对成鸡比杆菌肽锌更有效。在肉鸡生产性能水平方面,添加杆菌肽锌和添加β-甘露聚糖酶对降低料肉比、提高饲料效率均具有明显的作用,且β-甘露聚糖酶更有效。 相似文献
10.
文章旨在评估益生菌复合物对持续热应激肉鸡生长性能、肠道形态及血清生化指标的影响。试验选择1日龄平均体重一致的648只商品肉鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复36只。各组肉鸡在试验前7d饲喂基础日粮,从第8～28天对照组肉鸡饲养的环境温度为（24±1.5）℃,饲喂基础日粮,处理1组肉鸡饲养环境温度为32℃,饲喂基础日粮,处理2组肉鸡饲养环境温度为3 2℃,饲喂基础日粮+2×106 CFU/kg益生菌复合物。结果：对照组28 d肉鸡体重、1～28 d平均日增重、采食量和饲料报酬及15～28 d饲料报酬均显著高于处理1组（P＜0.05）,同时,对照组15～28 d平均日增重和采食量显著高于处理1组和处理2组（P＜0.05）。与处理1组相比,对照组和处理2组肉鸡的死亡率分别显著降低50.63%和32.85%（P＜0.05）。处理1组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度/隐窝深度和空肠绒毛高度均表现最低（P＜0.05）。处理2组肉鸡回肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度较对照组和处理1组分别显著提高16.10%、23.68%和4.18%、7.62%（P＜0.05）。对照组和处理2组肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和白细胞介素-10浓度显著高于处理1组（P＜0.05）,但处理1组肉鸡血清肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-6和转化生长因子-β1浓度显著高于对照组和处理2组（P＜0.05）。结论：在本试验条件下,日粮添加益生菌复合物可以通过提高小肠绒毛高度和血清抗氧化及免疫指标降低肉鸡死亡率及热应激对饲料报酬的负面效应。
[关键词]益生菌|热应激|肉鸡|生长性能|肠道形态|免疫性能 相似文献
11.
Twenty-five 6-week-old Holstein male calves were each inoculated with 500,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria bovis. Two nontreated (control) and 3 treated calves (1.5 mg of decoquinate/kg of body weight in feed) were necropsied 7 days after inoculation. Similar groups of calves were necropsied at 12, 18, 22, and 28 days after inoculation. Treated calves were started on medicated feed 2 days before inoculation or at 7, 12, or 15 days after inoculation or were on continuous medication from the day of inoculation. Control calves were not given medication. Early schizonts were in the small intestines of control calves at 7 days after inoculation, but none was in the treated calves that were started on medicated feed 2 days before inoculation. Schizonts were present in the small intestine of both treated and control calves at 12 days after inoculation. At 18 days after inoculation, control calves had schizonts in the small intestine and gamonts and oocysts in the cecum and large intestines, but treated calves only had schizonts in the small intestine. At 22 days, control calves had schizonts in the small intestine and gamonts and oocysts in the large intestine; treated calves had schizonts in the small intestine. At 28 days, controls still had schizonts in the small intestine and gamonts and oocysts in the cecum and large intestine; the treated calves that had been on continuous medication did not have schizonts, gamonts, or oocysts in the tissues. Decoquinate apparently kills sporozoites or arrests development and release of merozoites from the schizonts when fed at 1.5 mg/kg of body weight in the feed. 相似文献
12.
1. A total of 320 1-d-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were used to investigate the effect of Cu(2+)-loaded montmorillonite (CM) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and activities of brush border enzyme in the intestinal mucosa and digestive enzyme in the intestinal digesta of broilers. 2. The chicks were assigned randomly into 4 groups with 80 chicks per treatment. The 4 dietary treatments were: basal diet only (control group), basal diet + 2 g montmorillonite/kg, basal diet + 1 g CM/kg, and basal diet + 2 g CM/kg. The chicks were raised in cages and feed and water were provided ad libitum for a period of 42 d. 3. The addition of CM to the diet of broilers significantly increased body weight and feed efficiency. Similarly, birds receiving montmorillonite had higher feed efficiency than the control after 42 d of feeding. 4. Data on villus height and crypt depth for duodenum, jejunum and ileum indicated that treating the diet of broilers with either CM or montmorillonite improved the mucosal morphology of the small intestine. 5. The presence of CM in the diet of broilers significantly increased the activities of maltase, aminopeptidase N and alkaline phosphatase in small intestinal mucosa. However, the activities of protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in small intestinal digesta of broilers fed on the CM-supplemented diet were slightly higher than control values. 相似文献
13.
果寡糖对肉鸡生产性能、肠道菌群、消化酶活性及屠宰性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择1日龄岭南黄高产快大型商品肉雏鸡2000只,随机分成5个处理组,每组设4个重复,每个重复100只(公母各半).各处理组肉鸡日粮分别添加0(对照)、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%果寡糖.结果显示,肉鸡日粮中添加0.6%水平的果寡糖可显著降低肉鸡的料重比(P＜0.05),提高肠道淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胃蛋白酶的活性(P＜0.05).盲肠内容物微生物检测结果提示,日粮中添加适量果寡糖可显著改善肉鸡肠道微生态环境(P＜0.05).果寡糖对肉鸡的屠宰性能没有显著影响. 相似文献
14.
A 2 x 2 factorial experiment with pigs was undertaken to investigate the effect of particle size (fine and coarse) and feed processing (pelleted and nonpelleted) on morphological characteristics in the small intestine, cecum, and colon of pigs and on the adhesion of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT12 to the ileum in vitro. Ninety-six pigs (average BW = 33 +/- 7 kg) were fed the experimental diets. After 4 wk, 24 pigs were selected (six pigs per diet) and euthanized, and tissue samples were taken from the mid and distal small intestine, cecum, and distal colon. The effects of particle size and feed processing on villus height and crypt depth in the small intestine were minor. Feeding coarse diets increased (P = 0.05) the crypt depth in the colon. The crypt depth was 420 +/- 12 and 449 +/- 12 microm in pigs fed finely and coarsely ground feed, respectively. Pigs fed pelleted diets had a larger (P = 0.01) staining area for neutral mucins, as well as for acidic and sulfomucins on the villi of the distal small intestine than pigs fed nonpelleted diets. The area was 41, 46, and 33% larger for neutral, acidic, and sulfomucins, respectively. The mucin-staining areas of the crypts in the cecum and the colon were not affected by the experimental diets. Examination of lectin binding characteristics of the distal small intestine and the cecum did not reveal any differences between the experimental diets. Using a pig intestine organ culture model, Salmonella adhered less (P < 0.05) to the ileal tissue of pigs fed the nonpelleted diets than to those fed pelleted diets; the adherence was 60% less in these pigs. Results of this study suggest that pigs fed pelleted diets secrete mucins that are capable of binding Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT12 and thereby allowing for colonization. Therefore, pigs fed a nonpelleted diet are better protected against Salmonella infections than pigs fed a pelleted diet. 相似文献
15.
16.
《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(10)
本试验旨在研究饲用复合酶制剂(低温淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶、葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、果胶酶和植酸酶)对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态及消化酶活性的影响。将420只1日龄岭南黄雏鸡随机分为2组,每组3个重复,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加复合酶制剂(300 mg/kg低温淀粉酶、500 mg/kg固态发酵的天然复合酶和100 mg/kg植酸酶)。试验分前期(1～21 d)和后期(22～50 d)共50 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲用复合酶制剂提高了岭南黄鸡前期的日增重、血清磷、铁、锌含量和后期的血清磷含量(P<0.05),降低了后期及全期的耗料增重比以及后期的血清尿酸含量(P<0.05);添加复合酶制剂提高了50 d肉鸡十二指肠黏膜绒毛高度(P<0.05),降低了隐窝深度(P<0.05),并且提高了全期十二指肠内容物中淀粉酶活力和前期胰蛋白酶活力(P<0.05)。以上结果表明,饲用复合酶制剂能促进肉鸡肠道发育,增强消化酶活性,提高饲料转化率,并达到改善血清生化指标的效果。 相似文献
17.
Effects of mosapride, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonist, on electrical activity of the small intestine and cecum in horses 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of various doses of mosapride, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 4 receptor agonist, on motility of the small intestine and cecum in horses by use of electrical activity and to determine the dose that provides the optimal response. ANIMAL: 6 healthy adult Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURE: Electrical activity of the small intestine and cecum was recorded before and after mosapride administration by use of an electrogastrograph. Mosapride (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg) was dissolved in 200 mL of water and administered orally to horses through a nasogastric tube. Three hours after drug administration, mean amplitude of electrical activity calculated for a period of 30 minutes was expressed as the percentage of the mean amplitude of electrical activity for a period of 30 minutes before drug administration. RESULTS: Mosapride administered orally increased the percentage of the mean amplitude of electrical activity in the small intestine and cecum in a dose-dependent manner. Mean +/- SD values differed significantly for 1, 1.5, and 2 mg/kg (127.0 +/- 12.5%, 137.7 +/- 22.2%, and 151.1 +/- 24.0%, respectively) in the small intestine and for 1.5 and 2 mg/kg (130.1 +/- 34.5% and 151.6 +/- 45.2%, respectively) in the cecum. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of results of this study clearly documents that mosapride promotes motility in the small intestine and cecum of horses and that the optimal orally administered dosage is 1.5 to 2 mg/kg. Therefore, mosapride may be useful for treatment of horses with gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. 相似文献
18.
Z. Erdoğan S. Erdoğan Ö. Aslantaş S. Çelik 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2010,94(5):e40-e48
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, small intestine weight, pH and caecal coliform counts of broilers. The influences of synbiotics and phytobiotics on oxidant/antioxidant status in the blood of broilers were also assessed. A total of 200 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, either fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 1 g/kg synbiotic, 1 g/kg phytobiotic or 1 g/kg synbiotic plus 1 g/kg phytobiotic. The diet supplemented with both synbiotic and phytobiotic had no effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers at the end of the study (p > 0.05). Neither small intestine weight nor pH was affected by any of the treatments. Supplementation of both synbiotic and phytobiotic to diet decreased the caecal coliform count (p < 0.01). Addition of synbiotics and phytobiotics in combination significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p ≤ 0.05), whereasphytobiotic addition alone showed only a slight increase. Similarly, elevated nitric oxide (NO) level was recorded in the synbiotic‐ and phytobiotic‐fed group and in the phytobiotic‐fed group (p ≤ 0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of synbiotic and phytobiotic improved the gut health by decreasing the caecal total coliform count, but growth performance was not affected by the supplementations. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of phytobiotics on oxidative/antioxidative metabolism as regards their compositional analysis. 相似文献
19.
为探究高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)与高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)胃肠道形态在高原恶劣环境中对食物资源和能量需求的适应对策,将捕获于青藏高原高寒草甸的高原鼠兔(8 ♀,7 ♂)和高原鼢鼠(9♀,6 ♂)解剖后,测定其胃肠道形态指标,采用独立样本t检验和协方差分析进行对比。结果显示,两种动物胃肠道形态在种内性别间差异表现为雄性高原鼠兔小肠长度、盲肠鲜重显著大于雌性(P＜0.05),雄性高原鼢鼠小肠和盲肠长度、大肠鲜重及胃和大肠净鲜重显著高于雌性(P＜0.05)。在种间水平上,高原鼠兔小肠和盲肠长度、盲肠净鲜重显著大于高原鼢鼠(P＜0.05),而其胃和大肠长度、大肠鲜重显著小于高原鼢鼠(P＜0.05)。研究表明,高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠的前肠和后肠因其种间能量需求和食性的不同存在代偿性差异;同一物种雌、雄个体均通过改变小肠长度来适应性别间差异化的能量需求。 相似文献
20.
TUERXUNJIANG&# Wumueraili MENG Jun WANG Jian-wen ZENG Ya-qi YAO Xin-kui LI Lin-ling YAO Fang-fang WANG Huan REN Hai-fan HUANG Jing-jing A Mi-na 《中国畜牧兽医》2016,43(9):2257-2264
The study aimed to explore the mRNA expression pattern of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) gene in different tissues of Kazakh and Yanqi horses.The expression of IGFBP-5 gene in different tissues of heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,intercostal muscles,longissimus dorsi muscles,brachialis muscle and gluteus in two horses were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR and compared the mRNA expression in the same tissues of two breeds.The results showed that the expression of IGFBP-5 in longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscle of two breeds were significantly higher than other tissues including heart,liver,spleen,lung,kidney,small intestine,large intestine and cecum (P<0.05),and was the lowest in large intestine.The expression of IGFBP-5 in kidney,small intestine,large intestine,cecum,longissimus dorsi muscle and brachialis muscles of Yanqi horse were higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse,and among those in longissimus dorsi muscle and large intestine of Yanqi horse were extremely significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.01),and in small intestine and cecum of Yanqi horse were significantly higher than in the same part of Kazakh horse (P<0.05).The test was for further researching the biological function of IGFBP-5 gene,and it could provide a theoretical basis for genetic improvement of production performance of horse in our country. 相似文献