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1.
使用自行设计的次生代谢产物诱导营养培养基发酵蛹虫草菌丝,并将发酵后的培养液制成一种新型保健饮料。通过响应面试验,研究了培养基中的碳源、氮源、生长因子对虫草素产量的影响,并基于此发酵液,调配并研究了甜味剂、酸味剂、发酵液添加量对饮料感官品质的影响。结果表明,虫草素诱导营养培养基的最优配方为:葡萄糖添加量25 g/L,精氨酸添加量0.4 g/L,复合B族维生素20 mg/L(每mL含维生素B13 mg、维生素B21.5 mg、维生素B60.2 mg、烟酰胺10 mg、泛酸钙1 mg),蒸馏水1000 mL,pH 6.4。在此培养基上蛹虫草菌丝生物量为9.14 g/L,虫草素含量为68.54 mg/L。发酵液保健饮料的最佳配方为:D-木糖添加量5%,柠檬酸添加量0.1%,菌丝发酵液添加量30%。制得的饮料成品符合国家相关标准,颜色淡棕黄色,口味清淡,酸甜适宜,虫草素含量达到40.012~41.364 mg/L。 相似文献
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培养基的成分、数量对蛹虫草生物转化率和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对大米、小米、和大小米混合培养基栽培蛹虫草的菌丝生长、子实体产量、品质分析对比,发现大米培养基和大小米混合培养基菌丝生长、子实体产量、品质相差不多.小米产量较高但优质品率略低.使用普通罐头瓶栽培蛹虫草时3种培养基均以40g培养基的生物转化率优质品率最高,培养基数量过多时,反而会使其品质和生物转化率降低. 相似文献
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中国富硒大米的生产与富硒效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
统计分析中国20多年来富硒水稻研究的文献数据,得到富硒大米产量和硒含量的分析结果。数据表明：生产富硒水稻的硒肥施用方式以叶面喷施为主,占统计样本量的92.86%;主要肥料种类包括有机硒肥和无机硒肥,分别占样本总量的67.35%和32.65%;在齐穗期和抽穗期,水稻富硒效应研究的最多,分别占搜集样本量的36.54%和21.15%;有机富硒叶面肥施用量超过20 g/hm2时（以硒量计）,可造成水稻一定程度的减产;叶面喷施有机富硒肥料,水稻增产范围在-3.09%~18.77%之间,平均增产5.55%,大米硒富集量在0.04~0.78 mg/kg之间,平均硒含量为0.24 mg/kg;施用无机亚硒酸钠可使水稻增产-7.20%~20.00%,平均增产7.36%,大米富硒范围在0.09~53.39 mg/kg之间,平均含量为4.04 mg/kg;在施用无机硒肥的情况下,有60%的样本硒含量超出了富硒大米相关标准(DB34/T 847—2008)的规定。总体来看,仅有38.96%的样本大米硒含量符合DB34/T 847—2008的规定,因此,在生产富硒水稻时,推荐优先考虑使用有机硒肥,少用并且慎用无机亚硒酸钠硒肥。 相似文献
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研究3种不同广西家蚕品种幼虫培养蚕虫草的对比分析,旨在筛选出适合生产优质高产蚕虫草的家蚕品种,为广西蚕桑产业资源综合利用提供参考依据。从3种不同的北虫草菌种中筛选出最适合的菌种,并将其接种至3种广西家蚕品种的幼虫培养蚕虫草,通过调查蚕虫草的形态、性状以及检测生物活性成分含量,来对比出适合作为蚕虫草培养生物材料的家蚕品种。结果表明：菌种A的家蚕蚕体和菌丝生长情况最优,可作为最佳接种的菌种;3种不同品种的家蚕培养的蚕虫草的形态与性状以‘两广二号（正交）’品种的各项指标均为最高,蚕虫草总质量为1.361 g、僵蚕体质量为1.028 g、子实体总数量为10.489根和子实体长度为9.411 cm;蚕虫草的虫草素和虫草腺苷的含量也以‘两广二号（正交）’品种为最高,分别为4.84 mg/g和1.79 mg/g;3种蚕虫草蚕底座的虫草含量比子实体的虫草素含量要高,其中‘两广二号（正交）’的蚕底座和子实体虫草素含量最高,分别为7.93 mg/g和4.79 mg/g;3种蚕虫草子实体的虫草腺苷含量要高于蚕底座的虫草腺苷含量,其中‘两广二号（正交）’的蚕底座和子实体的虫草腺苷含量最高,分别为3.51 mg/g和6.39 mg/g。研究结果表明,广西家蚕品种‘两广二号（正交）’所培养出的蚕虫草的指标和质量较优,可将‘两广二号（正交）’作为培养蚕虫草的优势资源。 相似文献
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为探讨姬松茸富硒液体发酵的最佳工艺条件及其菌丝营养价值,以深入研发和应用姬松茸等食用菌富硒菌丝产品,本文通过正交试验对姬松茸富硒液体发酵条件进行优化,并对其富硒菌丝营养成分进行分析。结果表明,姬松茸富硒液体发酵的最佳条件为:装富硒液体发酵培养基装量80 m L(250 m L三角瓶),硒浓度15μg/m L,摇床转速80 r/min,培养时间10 d。在此条件下制得的菌丝干重和富硒率分别为2.05 g/100 m L和5.78%;测定分析了姬松茸富硒发酵菌丝体的蛋白质、可溶性糖、多糖及氨基酸等营养物质含量,初步确定姬松茸富硒液体发酵菌丝体具有较高的营养价值,可考虑作为一种补硒保健品。 相似文献
7.
谷物杂粮的复配技术及其营养互补 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中华民族以谷物为主的饮食习惯已经沿袭了数千年，并且是先有杂粮，后有主粮，杂粮是我们祖先最早的食物来源。如谷子，又称粟，古人称之为稗，“稗为百谷之长”。从人类饮食历史来看，粮谷类是人类最主要的食物。谷物杂粮主要包括谷类（稻米、玉米、小米、红米、黑米、紫米、大麦、燕麦、荞麦等）、 相似文献
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利用鸡体的生化功能,开发一种富硒蛋白营养鸡蛋,为人们补硒提供帮助。选取1 000只10～12月龄健康的罗曼蛋鸡,使用添加了硒源和中药材的基础日粮,对罗曼蛋鸡进行饲养,预饲期为10 d,正饲期为60 d,试验期结束时,对鸡蛋的品质进行测评,对鸡蛋常规营养成分和微量元素的含量进行测定。结果显示,生产的鸡蛋品质较高,在水分、脂肪、蛋白质含量上与普通鸡蛋相比存在细微差异,硒含量为979.2±156.3μg/kg,锌含量为3.6±0.9 mg/kg,胆固醇含量为209.33±47.2μg/100 g,可用于人们日常补硒和其他营养补充。 相似文献
10.
在高粱关键生育期叶面喷施不同剂量Na2SeO3,研究外源硒对高粱产量、品质及籽粒硒含量的影响,明确施用外源硒的最佳剂量和最适宜时期,同时为研究硒对高粱生理方面的影响及富硒高粱的生产提供理论依据。以糯高粱品种晋糯3号为材料,采用随机区组试验,设置0（CK）、40（T1）、80（T2）、120（T3）和160mg/kg Na2SeO3（T4）5个供硒水平,分别在苗期、拔节期和挑旗期进行叶面外源硒喷施,研究不同时期、不同剂量供硒条件下高粱产量、品质及籽粒硒含量的变化规律。结果表明,施用外源硒一定程度上可以提高高粱籽粒硒含量,不同时期喷施外源硒对高粱籽粒硒含量的影响为挑旗期>拔节期>苗期。在人体吸收硒的安全摄入范围内,挑旗期T2施硒剂量下,晋糯3号籽粒硒含量2年平均为0.295mg/kg,比CK平均提高83.5%。叶面喷施硒对提高高粱籽粒粗蛋白和粗淀粉含量有促进作用,喷施时期对高粱品质的影响为挑旗期>拔节期>苗期>CK。挑旗期T2处理的籽粒粗蛋白和粗淀粉含量最高,分别比CK提高11.25%和1.40%。叶面喷施合适剂量的Na2SeO3能够明显提高高粱籽粒硒含量,改善高粱籽粒营养品质,对高粱增产有一定促进作用。综合所述,挑旗期是高粱富硒的最佳喷施时期,最适宜的叶面施硒（Na2SeO3）剂量为80mg/kg。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
18.
J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
19.
M. Raj Ahuja 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):5-19
The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera
of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened
species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods
and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for
existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day
redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and
should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity. 相似文献
20.
The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs. 相似文献