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以西门塔尔和夏洛莱种公牛为对象,采用PCR-SSCP技术检测了促卵泡素受体(FSHR)基因第4外显子在西门塔尔、夏洛莱种公牛45个个体中的遗传多态性,结果发现多态性,旨在为研究该基因多态性与西门塔尔和夏洛莱种公牛繁殖性状的相关性提供理论依据,为筛选繁殖性状分子标记奠定基础.结果表明,牛FSHR基因第4外显子存在2个等位基因A和B,3种基因型分别为AA型、AB型和BB型.对多态片段的测序分析表明,FSHR基因第4外显子第38位碱基处发生碱基C→G的颠换,使得FSHR基因编码的受体胞外域部分出现一个脯氨酸到丙氨酸的变化,结合FSHR蛋白空间结构分析发现该氨基酸变化不直接影响FSHR与FSH的结合及FSHR转导信号能力.此外,据牛、绵羊、猪、马、人和大鼠FSHR基因第4外显子序列同源性比较表明:牛与绵羊该部分序列的同源最高为100%,与大鼠同源性最低为83%. 相似文献
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根据牛FSHR基因序列设计引物,以波尔山羊和莱芜黑山羊基因组为模板,应用PCR技术克隆测定了FSHR基因第10外显子序列,并与牛该区段序列进行了比较研究。结果表明,PCR扩增获得的片断为1643bp,三畜种FSHR基因第10外显子长均为1233bp。莱芜黑山羊和波尔山羊的第10外显子序列与牛该序列相比,同源性分别为97.49%和97.41%,分别在31个和32个位点发生碱基突变。均引起10处氨基酸密码改变。波尔山羊该序列与莱芜黑山羊的比,同源性为99.60%,且3个位点有碱基突变,其中 1184和 1365位点突变引起氨基酸密码改变。 相似文献
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根据牛FSHR基因序列设计引物，以波尔山羊和莱芜黑山羊基因组为模板，应用PCR技术克隆测定了FSHR基因第10外显子序列，并与牛该区段序列进行了比较研究。结果表明，PCR扩增获得的片断为1643bp，三畜种FSHR基因第10外显子长均为1233bp。莱芜黑山羊和波尔山羊的第10外显子序列与牛该序列相比，同源性分别为97．49％和97．41％，分剐在31个和32个位点发生碱基突变。均引起10处氨基酸密码改变。波尔山羊该序列与莱芜黑山羊的比，同源性为99．60％，且3个位点有碱基突变，其中＋1184和＋1365住点突变引起氨基酸密码改变。 相似文献
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分别选择遗传性能稳定的同一年龄的产双羔、单羔辽宁绒山羊母羊,对FSHR基因第10个外显子的1 487 bp至1 717 bp共230个碱基区段进行SNP分析,并以相同年龄的产双羔和单羔的萨能奶山羊为对照.从试验羊血液中提取基因组DNA,利用PCR法扩增FSHR第10个外显子的目的片段,利用PCR-SSCP法对PCR扩增的目的片段进行单核苷酸多态性分析.结果表明辽宁绒山羊FSHR基因第10个外显子突变率较大,并且其突变发生在第1 506个碱基,由C→T.说明FSHR基因的第10个外显子可以作为双羔性状的标记基因. 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(17)
为了研究多浪羊和卡拉库尔羊促卵泡素受体(FSHR)基因第10外显子的多态性及其与多浪羊胎次产羔数相关性,试验采用PCR-SSCP和直接测序的方法进行研究。结果表明:多浪羊和卡拉库尔羊FSHR基因第10外显子存在3个突变位点,分别为Arg 1 328 Lys、Gln 1 334 Pro和Asp 1 342Asn,均属于错义突变。在1 328位点有等位基因A和B,基因型仅为AA和AB;在1 334位点有等位基因C和D,基因型只有CD和DD;在1 342位点有等位基因E和F,基因型为EE、FF和EF。多浪羊与卡拉库尔羊在1 334位点基因型分布存在显著差异(P0.05),其他两位点差异不显著(P0.05);FSHR基因多态性与多浪羊胎次产羔数之间差异不显著(P0.05),表明FSHR基因第10外显子对多浪羊产羔数没有显著影响(P0.05)。 相似文献
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《畜牧与兽医》2017,(5):1-7
本文旨在了解绵羊(湖羊和巴什拜羊)促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)基因3'-UTR特征,分析高、低繁殖力绵羊品种FSHR基因3'-UTR突变位点多态性差异,并探索其机制。研究获得788 bp的湖羊和巴什拜羊FSHR基因3'-UTR序列,两者一致性为98.17%,且均含有加尾信号、保守的ARE元件和多个miRNA结合位点;池DNA测序在FSHR基因终止密码子后325nt处发现一个碱基T插入/缺失,命名为*325del T;多态性分析发现绵羊FSHR基因*325del T位点有3种基因型(TT型、T-型和--型),在湖羊群体中T为优势等位基因(频率为0.604),而在巴什拜羊群体中-为优势等位基因(频率为0.635);荧光素酶活性分析发现*325del T突变对绵羊FSHR转录活性无显著影响。发现FSHR基因*325del T的多态性可能与绵羊繁殖性能有关。 相似文献
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绵羊FSHR基因生物信息学分析及其器官表达规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了验证及进一步研究促卵泡素受体(follicle-stimulating hormone receptor,FSHR)基因在绵羊繁殖力中的作用机制,试验采用生物信息学方法分析了绵羊FSHR基因结构、FSHR蛋白性质和结构、同源性、遗传进化、信号通路、蛋白互作网络和器官表达规律。结果表明:绵羊FSHR DNA全长196 149 bp,而编码蛋白质的mRNA序列全长只有2 431 bp,FSHR基因含有10个外显子;FSHR基因编码695个氨基酸,FSHR蛋白属于不稳定的脂溶性蛋白;FSHR蛋白是有7个跨膜结构的膜受体,包含LRR_5、GnRH_trans、7tm_1三种功能结构域,这三种结构域分别行使不同功能,共同激活G蛋白偶联机制,激活腺苷酸环化酶,使细胞内CAMP或Ca~(2+)内流增加,从而对细胞的生命活动进行调节;FSHR基因不但与繁殖相关基因Gdf9、Bmp15有关,还与抑制肿瘤转移基因Kiss1有关;FSHR的同源性分析和进化树构建结果显示,绵羊和山羊亲缘关系最近,其次是牛,与斑马鱼亲缘关系最远;FSHR基因在绵羊睾丸和卵巢中特异性高表达,并在各物种间的表达具有一致性。说明FSHR基因表达可能受内含子极为复杂和重要的调控,且在繁殖中起重要作用。该基因在睾丸中特异性高表达,与促卵泡生成素(FSH)对雄性动物曲细精管的发育、成熟和精子生成作用相吻合。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献