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饲粮中糙米代替玉米对中猪增重效果的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用体重约４５千克、日龄相近的“长大”中猪３２头，均分成４组。１组为对照组（玉米４７％、糙米为０），２、３、４组饲粮中分别以糙米４０％、７０％、１００％代替玉米进行２６天饲养试验。结果１、２、３和４组日增重分别为７４３、７４８、７５５和７６１克，差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。料重比和增重耗料成本有所下降。结果表明，在中猪饲粮中用糙米代替玉米４０％～１００％是可行的。 相似文献
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日粮中糙米、小麦代替玉米对60kg育肥猪增重效果的试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选择60kg左右的杜长大育肥猪48头,随机分为4个组,每组12头,公母比例相同.Ⅰ组用100%的糙米代替玉米,Ⅱ组用50%糙米代替玉米,Ⅲ组用50%小麦代替玉米,Ⅳ组为100%的玉米配合日粮进行对比饲养试验,试验期43d.试验结果,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ组平均日增重分别为675.48±84.94、696.17±83.43、621.36±197.05和681.20±148.37g,统计分析各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).试验结果表明,利用糙米、小麦代替玉米配合日粮饲喂育肥猪是可行的. 相似文献
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本试验用10种干酒精可溶物（DDGS）或玉米日粮分别饲喂生长猪，来测量对其能量、粗蛋白质和氨基酸消化率的影响。共12头生长猪（初始体重为34．0±1．41kg）被分配到8×12尧敦方设计（Youden square design），即8个时期，12头动物，其中10头分别饲喂这10种DDGS料（占66．7％），1头饲喂玉米日粮（占97％），另1头饲喂无N的玉米蔗糖日粮。在所有的日粮中都添加氧化铬（0．3％）作为内标，并且提供它们高于维持能量需要3倍的日粮。直接测量这10种DDGS日粮和玉米日粮粗蛋白质和氨基酸的肠道表观（AID）和真实消化率（SID），而干物质（DM）和总能（GE）的总的表观消化率是用不同的方法来测定的。同时，还计算了每种DDGS和玉米日粮中干物质的浓度。试验结果表明不同种类DDGS日粮赖氨酸（Lys）的AID和SID存在差异，分别为35．0％～55．9％和43．9％～63．0％。对于甲硫氨酸（Met），其SID差别为73．9％～84．7％。然而，日粮间CP的SID与除了Lys、Met外的必需氨基酸的差别相对较低，大概差6％～8％（即苏氨酸／Thr64．0％～70．6％、色氨酸／Trp74．1％～80．1％和异亮氨酸／Ile 67．4％～75．3％）。玉米日粮中Trp的SID（72．8％）比DDGS中的低（P〈0．05）， 相似文献
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糙米与玉米型饲粮对肉猪饲用价值比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究了以糙米与玉米分别为主要能量饲料时,2种饲粮对生长育肥猪生产性能、消化代谢、胴体性状及肉品质的影响。结果表明,糙米与玉米型饲粮组生长育肥全期（29kg～90kg）平均日增重分别为715g、703g（P＞0．05）;料重比分别为3．17：1,3．19：1;糙米型饲粮的干物质、有机物质、无氮浸出物、总能的消化率比玉米型饲粮高,其差异达显著水平（P＜0．05）,粗蛋白质、粗脂肪消化率极显著高于玉米型饲粮组（P＜0．01）。糙米型饲粮氮沉积率较玉米型饲粮高22．7％、（P＜0．05）,能量代谢率显著高于玉米饲粮组（P＜0．05）。糙米型饲粮喂猪达上市体重时,其胴体性状及肉品质指标与玉米型饲粮差异不显著（P＞0．05）。 相似文献
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在农户舍饲和基础日粮不变的条件下，用绿肥草粉取代日粮中50％玉米，饲喂苏×本F1代杂交双月断奶仔猪至出栏，探讨开发利用绿肥草粉养猪的可行性。结果表明：试验组与对照组相比，平均日增重提高231．71g(+54．80％)，料肉比降低1．39(-35、55％)，单位增重耗料成本降低1．76元(-35．48％)，全期试验组头均增加盈利171.00元。表明用50％绿肥草粉替代日粮中玉米饲喂生长肥育猪完全可行。 相似文献
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为研究仔猪采食不同类型的高锌日粮后消化道中锌离子和氧化锌的分布规律。本试验选用断奶后3天（26日龄）和断奶后14天（37日龄）的二元杂（长x大）仔猪各6头，随机分为3个组，每组4头猪（26日龄和37日龄乳仔猪各2头）。饥饿24h后，用A、B、C三种教槽料对应饲喂3个组的仔猪。自由采食30min后计算每头猪的采食量，并开始计时，分别于采食1h和4h后两个时间点，从3个处理组中各选2头（26日龄和37日龄各1头）进行屠宰，测定消化道内锌离子和氧化锌浓度。结果表明：1、26日龄乳仔猪采食高锌（锌平均水平2190ppm）日粮4h后，消化道中离子态锌和肠道中分子态锌所占比例分别为65．56％和31．99％，采食高锌日粮1h后，消化道中离子态锌和肠道中分子态锌所占比例分别为59．01％和20．74％。2、37日龄乳仔猪采食高锌（锌平均水平2190ppm）日粮4h后，消化道中离子态锌和肠道中分子态锌所占比例分别为75．27％和17．65％；粟食高锌日粮1h后．消化道中离子态锌和肠道中分子态锌所占比例分别为60．52％和14.94％。 相似文献
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3个试验用来评估干乳清粉（DWP：含80％乳糖）和碳水化合物（CHO：含有40％乳糖和30％蔗糖以及10％葡萄糖）在断奶仔猪生产上的应用。所有的仔猪日粮分为3个阶段，其中阶段1（第0～7d）和阶段2（第7-21d）以及阶段3（第21～28d）仔猪日粮的赖氨酸含量分别为1．6％、1.4％和1.2％。各处理组日粮分别为：1）对照组（不含乳糖），2）低含量DWP，3）高含量DWP，4）低含量CHO，5）高含量CHO。在试验1中，初始体重约为7kg的23日龄仔猪被用于该试验．仔猪3个阶段日粮的DWP／CHO的高低含量分别是阶段1（25％和12．5％）、阶段2（20％和10％）、阶段3（12％和6％）；试验2中，将初始体重约为8kg的26日龄仔猪设置6个重复，每个重复5头猪，仔猪3个阶段日粮的DWP／CHO的高低含量分别是阶段1（12％和6％）、阶段2（6％和3％）、阶段3（不含乳糖的基础日粮）；试验3中，将初始体重约为6kg的21日龄仔猪设置4个重复．每个重复4头猪．仔猪3个阶段日粮的DWP／CHO的高低含量分别是阶段1（12％和6％）、阶段2（6％和3％）、阶段3（不含乳糖的基础日粮）。结果显示，当给仔猪饲喂DWP或CHO日粮可较对照组明显增加其ADG（P=0．05和P=0．04）和ADFI（P=0．04）．这说明DWP或CHO可明显改善断奶仔猪的生产性能． 相似文献
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选择体重35kg左右的杜长大杂交仔猪144头，随机分成4组，每组3个重复，每个重复12头，用来研究不同大麦用量的日粮中添加试验筛选的复合非淀粉多糖（NSP）酶制剂对生长猪生产性能的影响。结果表明：在使用大麦专用复合NSP酶制剂情况下，40％大麦型饲粮和70％大麦型饲粮（全部大麦、无玉米）与玉米型饲粮对生长猪的生产性能无显著影响，40％大麦型饲粮组每千克增重饲料成本较玉米型饲粮组略低；用40％大麦型饲粮饲喂生长猪时，添加复合NSP酶制剂可使日增重提高5．8％（P〈0．05），饲料利用率提高9.3%每千克增重饲料成本降低0．295元。 相似文献
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本试验选择1～120日龄褐壳蛋鸡576只，研究日粮谷类和饲料类型对褐壳蛋1～45日龄，采用2×2因子设计，分别为2种谷物（玉米和小麦）、2中饲料类型（粉料和颗粒料）。每个处理6个重复，每个重复24只鸡。46～120日龄，试验日粮为粉料，但谷物类型不同。饲喂玉米日粮的蛋鸡体增重较高（P〈0．05），但与饲喂小麦日粮组饲料转化率比较差异不显著。1～45日龄，饲喂颗粒料日粮组与饲喂粉料组相比，蛋鸡耗料量（P〈0．001）、 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献