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1.
肥育猪消化能需要量研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用体重约52kg的杜× (大×长)猪60头 ,分为6个处理组 ,每个处理组2个重复 ,分别饲以含消化能浓度不同的6组饲粮(各组饲粮中DE与CP、Lys、Met +Cys比例相同) ,研究52～90kg肥育猪DE需要量 ;同时采用体重71kg 的阉公猪36头 ,每组6头进行消化试验 ,测定各组饲粮的DE浓度及其对饲粮养分消化率和氮平衡的影响。结果表明 ,各组饲粮DE浓度分别为13.18、13.59、13.99、14.39、14.79、15.20MJ/kg。粗脂肪消化率随DE浓度的提高而极显著提高(P<0.01) ,当DE浓度从13.18MJ/kg 升高到14.39MJ/kg时 ,能量和干物质消化率极显著提高(P<0.01)、氮消化率和氮存留量显著提高(P<0.05) ,采食量和日增重趋于提高(P>0.05)、DE日摄入量极显著提高(P<0.01) ,进一步提高DE浓度 ,能量、干物质和氮消化率降低(P<0.05)、氮存留量趋于提高(P>0.05)、生产性能未能提高 ;氮存留效率和料重比各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。DE浓度14.79MJ/kg组和15.20MJ/kg组血清甘油三酯和胆固醇含量显著高于其它组(P<0.05) ,DE浓度13.18MJ/kg组血清尿素氮含量显著低于其它组(P<0.05)。DE浓度13.18MJ/kg 组屠宰率略低于其它组(P>0.05)、胴体脂肪率极显著低于13.99MJ/kg 和14.79MJ/kg 组(P<0.01) ;13.18MJ/kg 和14.39MJ/kg组瘦肉率显著高于14.79MJ/kg 组(P<0. 相似文献
2.
不同组合饲粮对绵羊消化代谢的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
选用3只安装永久瘤胃瘘管的甘肃高山细毛羯羊(1.5岁,平均体重22.5kg),采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究3种组合饲粮,即对照饲粮(Ⅰ)、含甜菜渣饲粮(Ⅱ)、含苹果渣饲粮(Ⅲ)对绵羊消化代谢的影响。试验分3期,每期预试期10d,正试期9d。结果表明,饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅱ的干物质(DM)和有机物质(OM)消化量与消化率均显著高于Ⅲ(P＜0.05);饲粮Ⅱ的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化量及消化率呈现出高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ的趋势(P＞0.05),饲粮Ⅲ的NDF和ADF消化率也呈现出低于Ⅰ的趋势;饲粮Ⅱ的氮消化量显著高于Ⅰ(P＜0.05),其消化率显著高于饲粮Ⅰ、Ⅲ(P＜0.05),呈现出其氮存留量高于Ⅰ及氮存留率高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ的趋势;饲粮Ⅱ钙的表观消化率显著高于Ⅰ(P＜0.01)、Ⅲ(P＜0.05),Ⅲ也显著高于Ⅰ(P＜0.05);饲粮Ⅲ的磷表观消化量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ(P＜0.05),且呈现饲粮Ⅲ磷消化率高于Ⅱ,Ⅱ也高于Ⅰ的趋势。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮消化能(DE)和可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)水平对舍饲燕山绒山羊公羔营养物质表观消化率的影响。选择体况良好、体重为(16.17±1.90) kg的4月龄断奶燕山绒山羊公羔90只,随机分为9组,每组10只。试验采用3×3完全随机设计,DE设定低(11.6 MJ/kg)、中(12.8 MJ/kg)、高(14.0 MJ/kg) 3个水平,DCP也设定低(8.5%)、中(9.5%)、高(10.5%) 3个水平,共配制9种饲粮。每组试验羊随机饲喂1种饲粮,当试验羊平均体重达到20 kg时,每组选择4只进行消化代谢试验,预试期7 d,正试期3 d。结果显示:1)随着饲粮DE水平的升高,粪能显著降低(P0.05),总能表观消化率显著提高(P0.05);饲粮DCP水平和DE水平与DCP水平的交互作用对摄入总能、粪能、尿能、消化能和总能表观消化率均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。2)摄入氮和粪氮随饲粮DE水平的升高而显著降低(P0.05);低、中DE水平组的氮表观消化率显著低于高DE水平组(P0.05);低DCP水平组的摄入氮和氮表观消化率显著低于高DCP水平组(P0.05),低、中DCP水平组的可消化氮显著低于高DCP水平组(P0.05);饲粮DE水平与DCP水平的交互作用对各氮代谢指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)随着饲粮DE水平的升高,干物质、有机物、粗脂肪和钙的表观消化率逐渐提高,其中干物质、有机物的表观消化率表现为各组间差异显著(P0.05),粗脂肪的表观消化率表现为高DE水平组显著高于低DE水平组(P0.05),钙的表观消化率表现为高、中DE水平组显著高于低DE水平组(P0.05);饲粮DCP水平以及DE水平与DCP水平的交互作用对干物质、有机物、粗脂肪、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、钙和磷的表观消化率均未产生显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,随着饲粮DE水平的提高,燕山绒山羊的干物质、有机物、粗脂肪、钙、总能和氮的表观消化率持续提高;饲粮DCP水平显著影响了燕山绒山羊的摄入氮、消化氮和氮表观消化率;饲粮DE和DCP水平分别为14.0 MJ/kg和10.5%时燕山绒山羊的总能表观消化率、消化能、氮表观消化率最高,DE和DCP水平分别为12.8 MJ/kg和10.5%时燕山绒山羊的沉积氮最高。 相似文献
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本试验旨在利用套算法估测肉用羊玉米净能值的可行性,并明确待测玉米适宜的替代比例。试验选取24只体重为(38.39±4.02) kg的杜泊×小尾寒杂交母羊,采用完全随机设计,分为4个组(每组6只羊),分别饲喂1种基础饲粮(基础饲粮组)和3种不同玉米替代比例(20%、30%和40%)的试验饲粮(试验组),其玉米含量分别是27.53%(基础饲粮组)、42.19%(20%组)、49.46%(30%组)和56.70%(40%组)。利用消化代谢和呼吸测热试验测定饲粮消化能(DE)、代谢能(ME)和净能(NE),结合套算法计算玉米的DE、ME和NE。结果表明：1)各组饲粮粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率之间无显著差异(P>0.05),30%组饲粮干物质(DM)和有机物(OM)表观消化率均极显著高于20%组(P<0.01),30%组饲粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率显著高于40%组(P<0.05);各组饲粮DE、ME和NE无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)各试验组玉米OM和CP表观消化率之间无显著差异(P>0.05);30%组玉米DM表观消化率极显著高于20%组和40%组(P&... 相似文献
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选择90只无角道塞特(♂)与小尾寒羊(♀)的杂交一代羔羊(30日龄)随机分为3组,每组10只羔羊,公母各半.采用单因子设计,研究19%,17%,15%蛋白水平日粮补饲羔羊的效果.试验结果表明三组羔羊日增重分别为291 g/d、 319 g/d、 258 g/d,第2组、第3组间日增重差异显著(P<0.05),第2组日采食量显著高于第3组 (P<0.05),第1组料肉比优于第3组(P<0.05).19%和17%蛋白水平日粮适于羔羊补饲,其中以17%水平最好. 相似文献
6.
绵羊对含不同秸秆的全饲粮颗粒料的消化代谢 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
选用4只装有十二指肠近端套管的1岁杂种生长羯羊,按2×3交叉设计进行试验,交替饲喂以玉米Zea mays秸和苜蓿Medicago sativa为粗料(A处理)及以小麦Triticum aestivum秸和苜蓿为粗料(B处理)的等消化能(DE)、等氮全饲粮颗粒料;以Cr2O3为食糜标记物并结合全收粪、尿法,测定了绵羊十二指肠食糜流通量,瘤胃内、瘤胃后及全消化道干物质(DM)和氮的表观消化率,全消化道酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)表观消化率及氮表观存留率.结果表明:十二指肠食糜流量、氮流量,瘤胃内、瘤胃后及全消化道DM和氮的消化率在2个处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),全消化道ADF和NDF消化率及氮表观存留率差异也不显著(P>0.05),但A处理全消化道DM和ADF的消化率及氮的表观存留率有大于B处理的趋势. 相似文献
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试验选用14日龄、体重约4.1kg的三元杂交[杜×(大×长)]仔猪72头 ,分为6个处理组 ,每个处理组2个重复 ,每个重复6头仔猪。分别饲喂含消化能(DE)浓度不同的6组饲粮 ,饲粮添加大豆油和椰子油各半 ,试验到仔猪体重达8.7kg 结束。通过饲养试验和屠宰试验 ,研究4.1～8.7kg 早期断奶仔猪消化能需求参数 ;同时采用相近体重阉公仔猪36头 ,每组6头进行消化试验 ,测定各组饲粮的消化能、代谢能浓度及各营养物质消化率和氮沉积。消化试验结果表明 ,上述各组饲粮消化能浓度依次为13.53、14.34、14.79、15.26、15.64、16.04MJ/kg ;随着饲粮消化能浓度的提高 ,饲粮中干物质、氮和粗脂肪消化率都显著或极显著提高(P<0.05、P<0.01) ,能量消化率趋于提高(P>0.05) ,氮存留量和存留效率也极显著提高(P<0.01)。饲养试验和屠宰试验结果表明 ,上述各组仔猪DE日摄入量依次为3990、3967、4158、4349、4198kJ/d。DE日摄入量4349和4158kJ/d组仔猪的综合生产性能优于其它组 ;胴体瘦肉率4349kJ/d组略高于其它组(P>0.05) ;随DE摄入量的增加 ,屠宰率和眼肌面积趋于提高(P>0.05)、胴体瘦肉日增重极显著提高(P<0.01);背膘厚和胴体脂肪率在饲粮DE浓度由13.53MJ/kg增至14.79MJ/kg时趋于提高 ,继续提高DE浓度至15.64MJ/kg 则趋于降低(P>0.05 相似文献
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《动物营养学报》2021,33(6)
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加肉桂醛(CA)对羔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、能量和氮代谢以及瘤胃微生物蛋白(MCP)合成的影响。试验选取48只体况良好、体重相近的4月龄杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交公羔羊,随机分为4组,每组12只。在每千克基础饲粮中分别添加0(对照组)、200(200CA组)、300(300CA组)、400 mg(400CA组)的CA。预试期15 d,正试期70 d。试验羊单栏舍饲,分别在正试期第1、35、70天晨饲前对试验羊进行称重,并记录采食量,用于计算平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)及料重比(F/G)。正试期结束后采用全收粪收尿法进行消化代谢试验,预试期7 d,正试期5 d,正试期每日晨饲前收集粪样和尿样,测定粪样中能量和各养分含量以及尿氮和嘌呤衍生物等。结果显示:1)各组间ADFI无显著差异(P0.05),300CA组的ADG显著高于对照组(P0.05),200CA组和300CA组的F/G显著低于对照组(P0.05);2)300CA组的干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)及酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05);3)各组间摄入总能无显著差异(P0.05),300CA组的粪能显著低于对照组(P0.05),3个CA添加组的消化能和总能表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05);4)各组间摄入氮、尿氮无显著差异(P0.05),300CA组的沉积氮、氮沉积率和氮表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05);5)3个CA添加组的尿酸排泄量显著高于对照组(P0.05),300CA组的黄嘌呤+次黄嘌呤及总嘌呤衍生物排泄量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。200CA组、300CA组的MCP合成量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量的CA在羔羊生产中具有积极的意义,可以提高ADG,降低F/G,促进饲粮营养物质的消化利用以及羔羊瘤胃中MCP的合成,并可提高羔羊对能量及氮的利用率。在本试验条件下,CA在羔羊饲粮中的最适添加量为300 mg/kg。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(12)
本试验旨在研究不同酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)水平对不同品种生长猪饲粮养分消化率及氮平衡的影响。试验选取体重相近、健康去势的烟台黑猪、鲁农2号生长公猪各5头,采用5×5拉丁方设计按ADF含量分为3.8%、4.8%、5.8%、6.8%、7.8%5个处理进行代谢试验。玉米-豆粕型饲粮其他养分基本一致。于每期试验的第6、7天连续收集48 h的粪样和尿样,测定养分消化率和氮平衡代谢。结果表明:2个品种生长猪的常规养分消化率及氮平衡与饲粮ADF水平呈显著线性负相关;饲粮ADF水平为3.8%~5.8%时,2个品种生长猪4.8%组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、ADF以及5.8%组的有机物消化率与3.8%组差异显著(P0.05),其他各养分消化率和氮平衡指标均差异不显著(P0.05);而饲粮ADF水平为6.8%及以上时,各养分消化率及氮平衡则显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);品种对粗蛋白质、NDF、半纤维素消化率及氮平衡均有显著影响(P0.05);饲粮ADF水平对养分消化率和氮平衡均有极显著影响(P0.01);但品种与ADF水平的互作关系不明显(P0.05)。综合分析,本试验条件下,饲粮ADF水平为3.8%~5.8%时对2品种生长猪养分消化率及氮平衡的影响不明显;与烟台黑生长猪相比,饲粮ADF水平对鲁农2号生长猪养分消化率及氮代谢的影响更大。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同营养水平精料补饲对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊的日粮养分表观消化率的影响。选择3月龄、体重相近的海南黑山羊24只,随机分成6个处理组,每个处理组4只羊。设计2个粗蛋白质水平(15%和17%)和3个消化能水平(11.72、12.55、13.39MJ/kg)的精料补充料,自由采食,试验期90d。结果表明:日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日均干物质、能量、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)采食量无显著影响(P>0.05),日粮消化能水平对黑山羊日均粗脂肪、粗灰分和钙、磷、NDF和ADF采食量影响显著(P<0.05);日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分的表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05);随着日粮中消化能水平的增加,能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率亦随之增加(P<0.05)。结果表明,日粮蛋白质水平对黑山羊日粮中各养分表观消化率无显著影响,而日粮能量水平对日粮中能量、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、ADF和NDF的表观消化率影响显著。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
19.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
20.
Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献