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狂犬病病毒全基因组进化研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
狂犬病病毒基因进化研究能够揭示病毒流行病学特点和规律,为有效防控狂犬病提供科学依据.狂犬病病毒基因组5个基因中,目前对N基因和G基因研究比较多,N基因序列分析可用于基因分型,G基因序列分析可用于病毒免疫原性、毒力、宿主转换等相关研究.多株狂犬病病毒已完成全基因组测序,但全基因组水平的进化研究还很不足,因为基因组中的各个基因之间的相互作用,各个基因面临的选择压力不同,单个基因的进化不一定能代表病毒的进化,所以需要不断探索合适的方法对狂犬病病毒全基因组进行进化研究. 相似文献
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狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒(rabies virus,RV)引起的以恐水、畏光、吞咽困难、狂燥等为主要临床特征.可在几乎所有哺乳动物中传播的高致死率人畜共患传染病.狂犬病传染途径以直接接触传播为主,患畜的唾液腺和唾液中含有大量病毒,并随唾液向体外排出. 相似文献
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狂犬病是狂犬病病毒引起的人畜共患传染病,可导致犬只和受害人感染该病,死亡率达到100%.分析农村开展狂犬病免疫存在的问题,完善应对措施.为农村地区开展狂犬病免疫防控工作提供参考. 相似文献
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伪狂犬病病毒野毒荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据伪狂犬病病毒gE基因的序列,设计和合成了一对特异的可用于检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的PCR引物和一条Taqman荧光探针,采用Li ght Cycl e 480荧光定量PCR仪,建立了一种可实时定量检测伪狂犬病病毒野毒的荧光定量PCR技术。该方法的线性范围为1.0×102～1.0×1010拷贝,灵敏度可达4拷贝。检测速度快,仪器的运行时间仅为1 h。对13株猪伪狂犬病病毒野毒进行了检测,结果均为阳性;与伪狂犬病gE基因缺失疫苗、猪细小病毒和鸭瘟病毒无非特异性反应。与病毒分离培养比较,该方法具有快速、灵敏、特异、定量、重复性好等优点,可望用于临床上伪狂犬病病毒野毒与疫苗毒的区分,伪狂犬病病毒野毒的检测和病毒分布的研究等。 相似文献
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狂犬病是由弹状病毒科、狂犬病病毒属的嗜神经病毒引起的一种世界性的人兽共患病.一旦出现症状,病死率近100％.由于该病无特征性大体病变,因而建立敏感、快速、准确的实验室诊断方法对狂犬病的防控工作至关重要.实验室诊断通常需要采集来自中枢神经的脑组织样本.通过病理组织学染色观察内基小体(Negri)是一种经典的实验室诊断方法,但是由于方法敏感性低,易受样本自溶的干扰,而已趋向于淘汰.抗原检测技术中首推的是荧光抗体试验(FAT):丙酮固定的脑组织切片在用荧光抗体染色后,可在荧光显微镜下观察是否有病毒包涵体或者病毒颗粒.此外,随着胶体金免疫层析法(GICA)在病原及小分子物质检测领域的快速发展,近年还出现了该技术用于狂犬病抗原检测的研究,且取得了较好效果.此外,小鼠颅内接种(MIT)和细胞培养分离(CIT)除了可用于狂犬病病毒培养外,还可单独作为诊断手段,或者配合FAT进行病原诊断.新鲜材料得到的单份阴性结果往往需要进行以MIT和CIT来进行再确认.此外巢式逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(Nested RT-PCR)可通过检测狂犬病病毒核酸来诊断病原,并进行分型.狂犬病的血清学试验在抗原诊断方面价值不大,多用于动物体内保护性抗体的检测.血清学试验中,荧光抗体中和试验(FAVN)及快速荧光抑制灶试验(RFFIT)是国际贸易规定的病毒中和试验.酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)也是一种快速、灵敏的血清学抗体检测方法,且如今已有包被狂犬病病毒G蛋白的间接ELISA试剂盒销售. 相似文献
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于春起 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2009,(3)
狂犬病又称疯狗病、恐水病,是由狂犬病毒引起的一种严重侵害大脑中枢神经的急性、接触性人畜共患传染病. 1病原 狂犬病病毒因为形状像子弹而被定为弹状病毒科、狂犬病属.世界卫生组织(WHO)将世界各地的狂犬病病毒分成4个血清型,6种基因型.1型狂犬病病毒是主要感染人类的病源,基因型2～6型非常罕见. 相似文献
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猪伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定及其gE基因序列分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从福建省某猪场疑似伪狂犬病的发病3日龄仔猪的脑、肺脏中分离到1株病毒.该病毒接种家兔出现了典型的伪狂犬病症状,接种PK-15细胞36 h后出现了圆缩、集聚、脱落等典型的细胞病变,猪伪狂犬病病毒阳性血清能特异性中和该分离病毒.根据已发表的伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE基因的序列,设计并合成了一对引物,采用PCR方法可扩增特异性298 bp的DNA片段.测序结果与GenBank中有代表性的6株参考毒株相应基因序列比较,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为95.5%~99%和91.8%~98%.系统进化树结果表明分离株与湖北分离株Ea株亲缘关系最近. 相似文献
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为保证制苗所用毒种质量和稳定性,在对制苗毒种病毒含量、病毒纯净性、特异性、免疫原性及扩繁代次等研究的基础上,建立了鹅细小病毒灭活疫苗毒种种子批。试验使用鹅胚对鹅细小病毒YA98株进行了20次传代。传代毒种的鉴定结果表明:抽检的各代次的毒种均无细菌、支原体、外源病毒污染,且病毒含量检测稳定,每0.3 m L含104.78~4.85ELD50;各代次特异性检测均能被鹅细小病毒抗血清中和;将各代次病毒液制成灭活疫苗,免疫成鹅后均能产生完全保护。以此为依据,最终确定原始毒种和基础毒种的扩繁代次宜控制在5代以内,生产毒种的最高扩繁代次宜控制在15代以内。种子批的建立,为鹅细小病毒灭活疫苗的生产奠定了基础。 相似文献
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The Becht strain of infectious bursal disease virus was compared with a virus isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes and designed 743 virus. The viruses were compared with respect to cell culture host range, cellular changes resulting from viral infections, growth curves, antigenic relationship, and physicochemical characteristics. The viruses are closely comparable in all these properties, and they are considered to be strains of the same virus. In cross comparisons by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 743 virus and infectious bursal disease virus were found to be antigenically identical, confirming the results of the neutralization test. The 743 virus differs from most strains of infectious bursal disease virus in that it is nonpathogenic for chickens. 相似文献
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Gloster J Doel C Gubbins S Paton DJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,177(3):374-380
Measurements of airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus have been made using 20 pigs that had either O UKG or C Noville injected into their heel-pads to determine if the kinetics of virus emission are related to the virus strain and dose administered in the challenge inoculum. Viable virus was detected in aerosol emissions for 3 days regardless of the strain or dose of virus given. No correlation was found between the peak level of virus emission and dose, but pigs infected with a lower dose of virus had a delayed onset of aerosol emission and emitted a greater total amount of aerosolised virus. Irrespective of the dose, both the total amount and the peak level of virus emission were higher from pigs infected with C Noville compared to those infected with O UKG. The results suggest that care should be taken when extrapolating from laboratory derived data to the field; this is particularly the case in the early days of an outbreak when the aerosol characteristics of the virus involved may be unknown and the amount of virus that an individual animal has been challenged with remains uncertain. 相似文献
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本试验对临床患病鸭分离的一株疑似鸭肝炎病毒进行了血清型鉴定和毒力测定。利用Ⅰ型和新型鸭肝炎病毒鉴别引物对提取的病毒RNA进行RT-PCR扩增;将分离病毒分别与Ⅰ型和新型鸭肝炎病毒阳性血清进行中和试验;根据测定的病毒ELD50,进行雏鸭攻毒和鸭胚肝细胞接毒试验。结果表明:RT-PCR扩增出了与新型鸭肝炎病毒预期片段相符的705bp条带;分离病毒不能被Ⅰ型鸭肝炎病毒阳性血清中和,新型鸭肝炎病毒阳性血清对该病毒的中和效价是1:200,说明该分离株属于新型鸭肝炎病毒。该毒株的ELD50为10-5.7/0.2mL,能引起攻毒鸭与临床病例一致的症状和病变以及显著的肝细胞病变,可作为新型鸭肝炎病毒的疫苗候选株开发应用。 相似文献
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Congenital infections with nonarbo togaviruses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
J T Van Oirschot 《Veterinary microbiology》1983,8(4):321-361
The present review deals with the similarities and differences of selected aspects of prenatal pestivirus infections of domestic animals and congenital rubella of man. Hog cholera virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and border disease virus are antigenically closely related, but unrelated to rubella virus. The nonarbo togaviruses are capable of producing congenital infections resulting in a wide spectrum of abnormalities. The infected foetus can die in utero, in the neonatal period, or it may be born with teratogenic defects. In addition, apparently healthy progeny can be delivered that develop a late onset disease, months, or years after birth, or remain clinically normal for life. The ultimate outcome of a congenital infection is mainly determined by the stage of foetal development, at which infection occurs. Foetuses exposed to rubella virus raise an antibody response to the virus, whereas domestic animals frequently fail to respond immunologically to a congenital pestivirus infection. In congenital rubella the virus usually disappears from the host's body 1-2 years after birth. However, congenital pestivirus infections may be characterized by a lifelong and widespread persistence of virus in clinically healthy animals. Such animals are of significance in the epizootiology of bovine virus diarrhoea, border disease or hog cholera. 相似文献
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Immunohistochemical detection of swine influenza A virus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues. 
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下载免费PDF全文 An avidin-biotin complex (ABC) immunohistochemical method utilizing a commercially-available polyclonal antiserum to human influenza A virus was used to detect antigens of influenza A virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of swine. Influenza A antigens were immunohistochemically detected in 28/30 cases in which influenza A virus was demonstrated by virus isolation and in 5/22 cases suspected to be influenza A-infected by clinical and histological criteria, but from which the virus was not isolated. Viral antigen was not demonstrated in 30/30 cases not suspected clinically or histologically to be associated with influenza infection. This method is a convenient, sensitive, and specific means of influenza A virus detection and is applicable to both routine diagnosis of influenza A virus infection and to retrospective and prospective studies of the occurrence and the pathogenesis of this virus in pigs. 相似文献
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Studies were carried out to find methods for obtaining optimum yields of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) virus and for concentrating the virus in order to develop inactivated virus vaccines. Cells from the SVP cell line, which was derived from the pig kidney PS cell line, were most satisfactory for growing and assaying BEF virus. BHK 21 and Vero cells also gave similar yields of virus but were not as useful for virus assay. A plaque assay in SVP cells, in which there was 0.1 μg of actinomycin D per ml of overlay, produced reproducible clear plaques and was slightly more sensitive than assays in BHK 21 cell roller tubes. High multiplicities of infection (MOI), around 1 PFU/cell, produced low yields of infectious virus, whereas decreasing the MOI approximately 100-fold led to an increase in virus yield of up to four logs. BEF virus could be concentrated using zinc acetate or ammonium sulphate but not polyethylene glycol 6000. Ammonium sulphate proved most suitable and produced an easily handled precipitate with up to 100% recovery of virus infectively, and 100-fold concentration was possible. This concentrated virus could be rapidly desalted by gel filtration through Sephadex G-75. The virus could be further purified by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation provided the gradient contained a protein stabilizer of 0.1% bovine serum albumin. Inactivation kinetics with 0.025% β-propiolactone was similar to that reported for other rhabdoviruses. 相似文献