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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2010,(21)
为了研究奶牛乳房炎乳汁中的主要病原菌及其敏感性药物,试验采用规模化奶牛场16头临床型乳房炎奶牛的乳样进行病原菌的分离、鉴定,选择了31种抗生素和11种单味中药、1个复方中药制剂进行药敏试验。结果表明:从35份乳样中分离到8种细菌43个菌株。鉴定出葡萄球菌23株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌21株,占分离菌的46.51%;溶血葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌各1株,均占分离菌的2.32%;大肠杆菌16株,占分离菌的37.20%;无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、伤寒沙门杆菌各1株,均占分离菌的2.32%。从乳房炎乳汁中分离的几种主要致病菌对氧氟沙星、氟哌酸、头孢噻吩、先锋必、氟罗沙星、庆大霉素和卡那霉素等药物具有高度敏感性;对连翘、柴胡、红藤和皂角刺等单味药和复方中药制剂敏感性也较高。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是奶牛常见病和多发病之一,给奶牛养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失。本试验对昆明地区多个奶牛场的奶牛临床型乳房炎病原菌进行分离、鉴定,从114份乳样中共分离出13种305株细菌,经培养特性、染色镜检、生化鉴定等试验,鉴定出金黄色葡萄球菌63株,占20.66%;表皮葡萄球菌26株,占8.52%;无乳链球菌53株,占17.38%;停乳链球菌23株,占7.54%;乳房链球菌19株,占6.23%;乳链球菌14株,占4.59%;粪链球菌15株,占4.92%;化脓链球菌14株,占4.59%;大肠杆菌48株,占15.74%;真菌12株,占3.93%。分别对所有分离菌株进行17种药物的敏感性试验,结果表明,除真菌外所有菌株对庆大霉素、新霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、林可霉素、乳肿康均高度敏感,对临床常用的青霉素、链霉素、鱼腥草等具有较强的耐药性。 相似文献
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上海地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
为了获得上海地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌及其药物敏感性的系统资料并为指导临床合理用药和提高奶牛乳房炎防治效果提供理论依据,本研究对在上海郊区4个奶牛场采集的临床型和隐性乳房炎患牛的126份奶样进行细菌培养、分离鉴定和药敏试验.共分离到萄葡球菌,无乳链球菌,大肠杆菌3种主要病原菌107株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌74株,占分离菌株的69.16%;无乳链球菌27株,占分离菌株的25.23%;病原菌单独感染率为48.78%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌的单独感染率达39.02%;病原菌混合感染率占51.22%,多为金黄色葡萄球菌和无乳链球菌混合感染.主要病原菌对头孢拉定、环丙沙星、庆大霉素敏感,对大多数抗菌素产生了不同程度的耐药性,对氨苄青霉素产生了完全耐药性. 相似文献
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为查清渭南地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的种类及其药物敏感情况,为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供理论依据,对渭南地区部分奶牛场采集39份临床型或隐性乳房炎乳样进行细菌分离鉴定,并对主要病原菌进行药敏试验。结果表明:从所测乳样中检查出细菌48株,其中金黄色葡萄球菌18株,占37.5%;大肠杆菌14株,占29.2%;无乳链球菌9株,占18.7%;乳房链球菌5株,占10.4%;停乳链球菌2株,占4.2%。主要病原菌对各药物敏感性不同,其中对头孢喹诺、头孢曲松钠、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星均高度敏感,对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素等有较强的耐药性。 相似文献
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对河南省豫东、豫西、豫北、豫南及郑州市5地区的415例临床型乳房炎乳样进行病原分离鉴定,共鉴定出7种病原菌,其中金色葡萄球菌感染有223例,占53.73%。表皮葡萄球菌感染有86例,占20.72%。链球菌类有3种,其中无乳链球菌感染有104例,占25.6%;停乳链球菌感染有55例,占13.25%;乳房链球菌3株,占2.01%。阴性杆菌类2种,其中大肠杆菌感染有94例,占22.65%;克雷伯菌感染25例,占6.02%。对鉴定病原菌用单种抗生素进行了药敏试验,对乳样直接培养菌用自制抗生素药敏片进行了药敏试验,目的是筛选治疗临床型乳房炎的敏感药物。 相似文献
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甘肃、贵州地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌分离鉴定及耐药性调查 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了弄清引起我国不同地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的种类及分布情况,研究致病菌的耐药性特征,为该地区及我国奶牛乳房炎的综合防治提供理论依据,本研究对甘肃和贵州地区部分奶牛场采得的临床型或亚临床型乳房炎患牛奶样169份进行细菌分离鉴定和病原菌药敏试验。结果表明,引起两地区奶牛乳房炎的病原菌主要为葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌。在检出的189株病原菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌65株,占34.39%;表皮葡萄球菌62株,占32.8%;无乳链球菌4株,占2.12%;停乳链球菌32株,占16.93%;乳房链球菌13株,占6.88%;大肠杆菌13株,占6.88%。各种病原菌在两地区所占的比例具有差异性。各病原菌对药物的敏感性多有不同,但大多对左氟沙星、环丙沙星和先锋霉素V较为敏感,而对其他药物均有不同程度的耐药情况,特别是对复方新诺明、青霉素和万古霉素产生了强耐药性。 相似文献
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奶牛乳房炎是奶牛常见病和多发病之一，给奶牛养殖业带来了巨大的经济损失。试验对昆明地区多个奶牛场的奶牛临床型乳房炎病原菌进行分离、鉴定，从114份乳样中共分离出13种305株细菌，经培养特性、染色镜检、生化鉴定等试验，鉴定出金黄色葡萄球菌63株，占20．66％；表皮葡萄球茵26株，占8．52％；无乳链球菌53株，占17．38％；停乳链球菌23株，占7．54％；乳房链球茵19株，占6．23％；乳链球菌14株，占4．59％；粪链球菌15株，占4．92％；化脓链球菌14株，占4．59％；大肠杆菌48株，占15．74％；真菌12株，占3．93％。分别对所有分离菌株进行17种药物的敏感性试验，结果表明：除真菌外所有菌株对庆大霉素、新霉素、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、林可霉素、乳肿康均高度敏感，对临床常用的青霉素、链霉素、鱼腥草等具有较强的耐药性。 相似文献
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呼和浩特及周边地区奶牛乳房炎病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏实验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了弄清呼和浩特及周边地区奶牛乳房炎的分布情况,鉴定主要致病菌的耐药特征,为本地区奶牛乳房炎的防治提供理论依据,对内蒙古呼和浩特及周边地区部分奶牛场进行了调查,共采奶样100份进行细菌分离鉴定并对主要病原菌进行药敏实验.结果表明,导致该地区奶牛乳房炎的病原菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌.检测出的124株病原菌中,有金黄色葡萄球菌36株,占32.1%;无乳链球菌36株,占32.1%;停乳链球菌24株,占21.4%;大肠杆菌16株,占14.3%;其它菌12株,占10.7%.4种主要病原菌对各药物敏感性不同,对环丙沙星、左氟沙星、氧氟沙星和先锋霉素V均较为敏感,但对青霉素、红霉素、复方新诺明等有较强的耐药性. 相似文献
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对山东省济南、泰安和临沂等地区5个奶牛场的160份乳样进行了临床型乳腺炎和隐性乳腺炎的判定检测,并进行了主要致病菌的分离鉴定。结果表明,160份乳样中有127份呈乳腺炎阳性,其中临床型乳腺炎占36．22％,隐性乳腺炎占63．78％;从这些乳样中分离到了主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌依据溶血型的不同主要有α溶血、β溶血、α＋β溶血和不溶血四种;大肠杆菌依据O抗原诊断血清得出主要有02、021、076和088这四种型;无乳链球菌依据溶血型主要为β溶血型。 相似文献
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多重PCR快速检测奶牛乳房炎3种主要病原体 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
奶牛乳房炎是引起奶牛业经济损失的一种重要疫病,目前还没有快速、特异检测奶牛乳房炎主要致病原的方法。本试验根据金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌各自保守的16S或23S rRNA基因序列,合成了3对特异性引物,建立了三重PCR检测方法。特异性试验表明,该方法对所有参与测试的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠杆菌都能扩增出各自的阳性条带,而对所有参与测试的对照菌株则不能扩增出任何条带。敏感性试验表明该方法能检测到4个菌的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和2个菌的大肠杆菌。对送检的乳房炎奶样36份直接进行PCR检测,金黄色葡萄球菌阳性7份,无乳链球菌阳性2份,大肠杆菌阳性6份。 相似文献
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A 31-year record-based retrospective study was carried out to determine the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania over the period November 1971-December 2002. Laboratory information on 1964 quarter samples from 1365 cows in 281 smallholder dairy herds were retrieved, compiled and studied. Eighty-eight percent of the quarter samples were culture-positive and the predominant mastitis pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%) and Escherichia coli (14.1%). Other isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5.2%) and Streptococcus uberis (4.2%). Contagious mastitis pathogens were isolated from 45.6% of the culture-positive samples, whereas environmental and miscellaneous pathogens were isolated from 48.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Thirty percent of the miscellaneous mastitis pathogens were Candida species. The results demonstrate a steady increase in clinical Candida albicans mastitis. The prevalence of Candida albicans has increased from 1% in 1971 to 17.0% in November 2002. Conversely, despite some fluctuations, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae remain above 10%. The possible risk factors for these observations are discussed. 相似文献
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采集具有临床型乳腺炎奶牛的奶样,经细菌的分离培养、纯培养和生化试验,以确定奶牛临床型乳腺炎的致病菌种类。结果发现患临床型乳腺炎奶牛的致病菌和占分离菌株的百分率为:腐生葡萄球菌19.7%、金黄色葡萄球菌16.5%、兽疫链球菌17.3%、停乳链球菌9.4%、乳房链球菌3.9%、无乳链球菌1.6%、产气肠杆菌17.3%、聚团肠杆菌4.7%、奇异变形杆菌3.0%、大肠杆菌3.0%、蜡样芽胞杆菌3.0%,样品中单纯感染与混合感染的百分率分别为66.0%和27.8%。 相似文献
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Mastitis is the most common infectious disease affecting dairy cattle; in addition, it remains the most economically important disease of dairy industries around the world. Streptococcus agalactiae, a contagious pathogen associated with subclinical mastitis, is highly infectious. This bacterium can cause an increase in bulk tank bacterial counts (BTBC) and bulk tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC). The microbiological identification of S. agalactiae in samples from bulk tanks is an auxiliary method to control contagious mastitis. Thus, there are some limitations for time-consuming cultures or identification methods and additional concerns about the conservation and transport of samples. Bulk tank samples from 247 dairy farms were cultured and compared through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), directed to 16S rRNA genes of S. agalactiae, followed by BTBC and S. agalactiae isolation. The mean value of BTBC was 1.08×10(6) CFU mL(-1) and the bacterium was identified through the microbiological method in 98 (39.7%; CI(95%)=33.8-45.9%) and through PCR in 110 (44.5%; CI(95%)=38.5-50.8%) samples. Results indicated sensitivity of 0.8571±0.0353 (CI(95%)=0.7719-0.9196) and specificity of 0.8255±0.0311 (CI(95%)=0.7549-0.8827). The lack of significant difference between microbiological and molecular results (κ=0.6686±0.0477 and CI(95%)=0.5752-0.7620) indicated substantial agreement between the methods. This suggests that PCR can be used for bulk tank samples to detect contagious mastitis caused by S. agalactiae. 相似文献
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Accurate identification of mastitis pathogens is often compromised when using conventional culture-based methods. Here, we report a novel, rapid assay tested for speciation of bacterial mastitis pathogens using high-resolution melt analysis (HRMA) of 16S rDNA sequences. Real-time PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene fragment, spanning the variable region V5 and V6 was performed with a resulting amplicon of 290bp. First, a library was generated of melt curves of 9 common pathogens that are implicated in bovine mastitis. Six of the isolates, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus uberis, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycoplasma bovis, were type strains while the other 3, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Corynebacterium bovis and Streptococcus dysgalactiae, were bovine mastitis field isolates. Four of the type strains, E. coli, S. agalactiae, K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, were found to be of human origin, while the other 3 type strains were isolated from bovine infections. Secondly, the melt curves and corresponding amplicon sequences of A. pyogenes, E. coli, S. agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae, K. pneumoniae, S. uberis and S. aureus were compared with 10 bovine mastitis field isolates of each pathogen. Based on the distinct differences in melt curves and sequences between human and bovine isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae, it was deemed necessary to select a set of bovine strains for these pathogens to be used as reference strains in the HRMA. Next, the HRMA was validated by three interpreters analyzing the differential clustering pattern of melt curves of 60 bacterial cultures obtained from mastitis milk samples. The three test interpreters were blinded to the culture and sequencing results of the isolates. Overall accuracy of the validation assay was 95% as there was difficulty in identifying the streptococci due to heterogeneity observed in the PCR amplicons of S. uberis. The present study revealed that broad-range real-time PCR with HRMA can be used as a powerful, fast and low-cost tool for the differentiation of clinically important bacterial mastitis pathogens. 相似文献
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为了掌握辽宁地区奶牛乳房炎主要细菌性病原种类及致奶牛乳房炎大肠杆菌药物敏感性特征,本研究选取辽宁地区某大型奶牛场75头临床表现为乳房炎的奶样进行细菌培养与分离,通过生化方法对分离到的细菌进行鉴定,并对分离到的奶牛源大肠杆菌进行体外药物敏感性试验研究。结果发现,该场奶牛乳房炎细菌性病原主要为大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌和链球菌,其检出率分别为58.7%、64.0%和54.7%,存在二重感染和三重感染等混合感染的情况。大肠杆菌药物敏感性试验结果表明,该场分离株对磺胺类药物（耐药率>85%）及氯霉素类药物（耐药率>30%）耐药性较高,对氨苄西林（9.5%）、环丙沙星（9.5%）、头孢噻呋（7.1%）和氧氟沙星（4.8%）比较敏感。上述研究结果为该地区奶牛乳房炎的防制提供可靠的理论依据。 相似文献
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R J Eberhart J M Buckalew 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1977,171(7):630-634
In a dairy herd with a low incidence of intrammary infections due to Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus, clinical mastitis remained a serious problem despite good control of nonclinical mastitis through postmilking teat disinfection and antibiotic therapy of known infected quarters at the end of lactation. During the 2-year study, the incidence of clinical mastitis was 0.88 cases/cow-year; 32.2% were caused by streptococcal species other than Str agalactiae and 33.5% by gram-negative organisms. Among all new infections detected, 54.1% were caused by streptococcal species other than Str agalactiae and 25.7% by gram-negative bacteria. Among new infections, 41.6% occurred during the nonlactating period or within a few days of calving. Incidence of clinical mastitis was highest in the 1st month of lactation. Among 84 gram-negative infections, 42.8% were caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, 20.2% by Escherichia coli, and 23.8% by Enterobacter spp. Among the many serotypes of K pneumoniae and E coli, none was predominant. 相似文献