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我国大蒜机械化收获技术研究现状 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
大蒜是我国重要的经济作物,其收获的机械化水平关系到大蒜产业发展,对提高我国农业整体的机械化水平、增加农民收入等均具有重要意义.针对近年来国内大蒜收获机械的研究情况,根据研究机构的最新成果和厂商推出的最新产品,总结了国内大蒜联合收获技术的发展现状,指明了大蒜联合收获机械的发展趋势,为国内大蒜收获技术的发展提供参考. 相似文献
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模块化大蒜联合收获机设计与试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为提高大蒜收获机对不同种植模式、不同行距大蒜机械化收获的适应性,设计了集扶禾、破土、输送、断秧、集果于一体的大蒜联合收获机,并对其关键功能部件进行了深入研究。将扶禾、起送蒜、破土、齐蒜断秧等大蒜收获所必需的功能集中设置,构建相对独立的收获单元功能模块。用户可根据需要加挂收获单元功能模块,配合输送单元,实现1~n行大蒜联合收获机的自由组合。同时,收获单元功能模块之间间距可在0~300mm或更大范围内无级调整,实现70~420mm之间不同行距大蒜的机械化收获。建立了大蒜拉拔力理论分析模型,在对影响因素研究的基础上,得到了结构参数对拉拔力影响的规律。试验表明,拉拔力随大蒜假茎包角增加而增大;当同步带张紧力超过2800N时,同步带所提供的拉拔力大于松土后大蒜所需拉拔力,可保证大蒜拉拔收获顺利完成。建立了破土力理论分析模型,得到了箭铲入土角、箭铲入土深度、整机前进速度等参数对破土力的影响规律。正交试验结果表明：入土深度、土壤湿度对箭铲破土力影响显著;当土壤湿度为30%、入土深度为80mm时,破土力为520N。样机田间试验结果表明,大蒜联合收获机的各项技术指标均满足设计预期效果,大蒜收净率为98.3%、总损失率为3.5%、生产率为0.14hm2/h。 相似文献
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分段式大蒜收获机械试验研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
分段式大蒜收获机械结构简单、成本低廉、操作简便,可减少用工,具有很大的开发潜力,但缺乏成熟机具.针对市场上三种典型的分段式大蒜收获机进行了田间性能试验,试验了挖掘深度、机具行进速度和输出轴转速等参数对收获性能的影响;评价了各种机型的损失率、伤蒜率、含土率、生产率等主要性能指标,为分段式大蒜收获机的改进设计提供参考. 相似文献
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蒜薹收获是大蒜生产的重要环节,收获时既要保证蒜薹质量又不能伤害植株影响其继续生长,实现机械化收获比较困难,蒜薹收获仍以人工为主,为研发能达到推广应用要求的蒜薹收获机,对蒜薹收获机械化技术现状进行分析。从大蒜的收获模式和蒜薹收获的方法对蒜薹、蒜头产量的影响出发,综合分析现有蒜薹收获机械的类型、关键部件和工作原理,通过现有蒜薹收获机械性能比较分析,针对现有蒜薹收获机械普遍存在对蒜薹假茎破坏、影响蒜头后期生长的问题,提出采用夹薹原理机械化收获蒜薹,蒜薹长且对假茎损伤小,蒜薹收获机械化应向智能化方向发展才能提高收获部件工作的准确性、减少对植株和蒜薹的损害乃至无损。为我国蒜薹收获机械进一步发展提供借鉴和参考,推动大蒜生产机械化的发展进程。 相似文献
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分段式大蒜收获机的设计 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对目前大蒜机械化收获率低、收获成本高、人工收获质量差等问题,研发了一款高效率、适应性强的大蒜收获机。主要研究包括:扶禾装置研究与设计、挖掘装置研究与设计、限深装置研究与设计、输送装置研究与设计等装置。并经过机器性能试验,相关性能参数符合国家标准对于大蒜收获机的要求。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献