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1.
《动物医学进展》2021,42(7)
为了评价柴桂感寒口服液对靶动物(鸡)的安全性,将150只15日龄三黄鸡随机分为空白对照组和4个试验组,试验组分别按照柴桂感寒口服液临床推荐剂量(1 mL/L饮水)的1、3、5、10倍量给药,连续5 d饮水给药,停药后继续观察至第14天,空白对照组只给予饮水。结果显示,柴桂感寒口服液的1倍剂量组试验鸡的平均增重显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),而3、5、10倍剂量组平均增重均极显著高于空白对照组(P0.01),其中5倍剂量组的增重率高达189.85%;给药后第7天,各试验组鸡的血常规和血液生化指标与空白对照组比较差异不显著(P0.05);给药后第14天,5倍剂量组的白细胞数、10倍剂量组的红细胞数及3倍和5倍剂量组的血红蛋白含量均显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),10倍剂量组血红蛋白含量及5倍和10倍剂量组的白蛋白含量极显著高于空白对照组(P0.01);5倍剂量组碱性磷酸酶显著低于空白对照组(P0.05);10倍剂量组的尿素氮及5倍和10倍剂量组总胆固醇含量显著高于空白对照组(P0.05),但均在正常生理值范围内。结果表明,柴桂感寒口服液按推荐剂量的1倍～10倍剂量饮水给药对靶动物(鸡)是安全的,临床应用剂量的安全范围较大。 相似文献
2.
为了探讨板芩桔甘合剂对靶动物鸡的安全性,为其在临床应用提供数据资料,试验将60只健康的三黄鸡分为空白对照组、板芩桔甘合剂1倍推荐剂量组、3倍剂量组、5倍剂量组,每组15只,饮水给药,连用5 d,给药前后逐只称重。给药前、给药第3天、给药第5天采集血液,进行血常规、血液生化指标检测,末次给药后采集脏器,进行脏器指数的测定及病理组织学观察。结果表明:板芩桔甘合剂1,3,5倍剂量组鸡的料重比降低,与空白对照组比差异显著(P0.05);与空白对照组比,除天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)外,各给药组鸡的血常规、血液生化指标及脏器指数等均差异不显著(P≥0.05),各器官未见明显的病理组织学变化。说明板芩桔甘合剂对靶动物鸡是安全的,且在1～5倍剂量之间均属于安全剂量范围。 相似文献
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4.
《中国兽医学报》2016,(2)
为了考察竹叶黄酮颗粒对靶动物肉鸡的安全性,选用200只7日龄AA肉鸡,按平均体质量随机分为5个处理组,每个处理组40只,分为4个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饮自来水,试验组分别以1、3、5、10倍推荐剂量的竹叶黄酮颗粒连续饮水给药7d。给药后对临床症状、血液学和血液生化指标、主要器官指数及病理组织学变化等进行观察和检测。结果表明试验组肉鸡精神状态良好、采食饮水无异常。与对照组比较3倍剂量组在7d和7d后显著增重(P0.05),各组死亡率无显著差异(P0.05)。饮水中添加竹叶黄酮颗粒对肉鸡大部分血液生理指标和生化指标无显著影响(P0.05),但给药7d时5倍剂量组红细胞总数显著增加(P0.05);停药7d时,3倍剂量组白细胞总数显著增加(P0.05)。给药7d时,3倍剂量组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P0.05);3、5倍剂量组的丙二醛(MDA)浓度显著降低(P0.05)。停药后7d,3倍剂量组肉鸡脾脏、法氏囊指数有显著提高(P0.05),5倍剂量组法氏囊指数有显著提高(P0.05)外,试验组对其他器官指数无显著影响(P0.05)。另外,停药7d后肉鸡的各重要器官均未观察到组织病理学变化。以上表明,竹叶黄酮毒性较小,在鸡体内耐受性高,至多以10倍推荐剂量饮水给药对靶动物肉鸡是安全的。 相似文献
5.
试验旨在考察肿节风三清颗粒的急性毒性、亚慢性毒性和靶动物安全性,为临床安全用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验中,一次性给小鼠灌胃给药,未测出LD50,故采用24h内多次给药的方式测定最大耐受量。亚慢性毒性试验中,大鼠以低、中、高(5、10、20g/kg体重)3个不同剂量灌胃给药,每天1次,连用35d,并设生理盐水对照组;在给药期间观察大鼠的临床体征和体重变化,35d称重并测定血常规和血液生化指标,取脏器观察病理组织学变化。靶动物安全性试验,按临床推荐剂量的1、3、5倍剂量饮水投服肿节风三清颗粒,连续5d,观察试验鸡的临床体征并按期称重,测定血常规和血液生化指标。结果显示,急性毒性试验各剂量组小鼠均无死亡,无法测出LD50,最大耐受量为75g/kg体重(以颗粒计)。亚慢性毒性试验中,给药组大鼠的临床体征、体重、血常规、血液生化指标与空白对照组大鼠相比均无显著差异(P0.05),组织病理学观察发现实质器官无异常病变。靶动物安全性试验中,各用药组鸡的增重、饲料转化率、血常规和血液生化指标与空白对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05)。结果表明,肿节风三清颗粒无急性毒性和亚慢性毒性作用,靶动物临床用药在5倍推荐剂量内安全。 相似文献
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7.
肿节风三清颗粒安全性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
试验旨在考察肿节风三清颗粒的急性毒性、亚慢性毒性和靶动物安全性，为临床安全用药提供理论依据。急性毒性试验中，一次性给小鼠灌胃给药，未测出LD50，故采用24 h内多次给药的方式测定最大耐受量。亚慢性毒性试验中，大鼠以低、中、高（5、10、20 g/kg体重）3个不同剂量灌胃给药，每天1次，连用35 d，并设生理盐水对照组；在给药期间观察大鼠的临床体征和体重变化，35 d称重并测定血常规和血液生化指标，取脏器观察病理组织学变化。靶动物安全性试验，按临床推荐剂量的1、3、5倍剂量饮水投服肿节风三清颗粒，连续5 d，观察试验鸡的临床体征并按期称重，测定血常规和血液生化指标。结果显示，急性毒性试验各剂量组小鼠均无死亡，无法测出LD50，最大耐受量为75 g/kg体重（以颗粒计）。亚慢性毒性试验中，给药组大鼠的临床体征、体重、血常规、血液生化指标与空白对照组大鼠相比均无显著差异（P>0.05），组织病理学观察发现实质器官无异常病变。靶动物安全性试验中，各用药组鸡的增重、饲料转化率、血常规和血液生化指标与空白对照组相比差异均不显著（P>0.05）。结果表明，肿节风三清颗粒无急性毒性和亚慢性毒性作用，靶动物临床用药在5倍推荐剂量内安全。 相似文献
8.
探讨大鼠长期口服三黄连散的亚慢性毒性作用。将80只大鼠随机分为空白对照组、三黄连散低(2.5 g/kg·BW)、中(5.0 g/kg·BW)和高剂量组(10.0 g/kg·BW),每组20只,雌雄各半,采用混饲给药的方式连续给药30 d,每日观察临床表现,记录体重和饲料消耗量,停药后继续观察7 d。分别于给药后30 d和停药后7 d进行血液常规指标、血液生化指标和脏器解剖学、病理学检查。结果显示,给药期间和停药后,各试验组大鼠未出现中毒和死亡情况,临床症状、解剖学检查等均无异常变化,脏器指数、组织病理学检查结果均无异常;血液常规指标、血液生化指标结果表明该药物无毒副作用,仅见高剂量组大鼠的体重和饲料消耗量显著低于空白对照组(P0.05)。结果表明,三黄连散给大鼠连续饲喂30 d未见明显毒性反应。 相似文献
9.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(12)
为了探讨复方黄连解毒散对患鸡白痢孔雀的防治效果,试验采用纸片扩散法分别测定高(3 g/m L)、中(2 g/m L)、低(1 g/m L)剂量复方黄连解毒散对孔雀鸡白痢病沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度,从而选出对沙门氏菌抑菌效果最佳的浓度。在开食7日龄的雏孔雀饲料中添加高、中剂量的复方黄连解毒散,与空白对照组进行对比,每隔7 d对比2组雏孔雀的身高、体长及体重等生长状况。结果表明:不同浓度的复方黄连解毒散对雏孔雀鸡白痢病沙门氏菌抑制效果不同,高、中浓度对沙门菌有抑制作用,低浓度对其无明显抑制作用,其中高浓度组对孔雀鸡白痢病沙门氏菌抑制效果最明显;预防试验中,B组(中剂量组)雏孔雀在7~49日龄的身高、体长、体重均高于A组(高剂量组)和C组(对照组)。说明复方黄连解毒散对抑制孔雀鸡白痢沙门氏菌有效,可提高雏孔雀的生长性能并减少或避免抗生素的使用,从而降低药物残留。 相似文献
10.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2016,(13)
为了确定金菊解毒颗粒在大鼠体内毒性的潜在靶器官和观察不到毒性反应的剂量,试验采用大鼠长期毒性试验方法,每天对大鼠按体重灌胃给予低、中、高剂量(生药浓度为11.25,22.50,45.00 g/kg)金菊解毒颗粒1次,连续给药5周,停药恢复2周。给药期间和恢复期间观察各组大鼠的一般状况,每周测定大鼠体重及进食量,给药期结束和恢复期结束检测大鼠各项尿常规指标、血液学指标和血清生化学指标,并对大鼠脏器进行系统观察和病理组织学检查。结果表明:金菊解毒颗粒高剂量组大鼠球蛋白(GLB)降低,谷丙转氨酶(ALT)升高,谷草比值(ALT/AST)升高,雄性大鼠体重减轻;中剂量组大鼠谷丙转氨酶升高,雄性大鼠体重减轻;低剂量组大鼠各项指标无明显变化。说明金菊解毒颗粒对大鼠灌胃给药的基本安全剂量按体重为11.25 g/kg(生药浓度)。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
14.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
15.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
16.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
17.
Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
19.
Troxel MT Vite CH Van Winkle TJ Newton AL Tiches D Dayrell-Hart B Kapatkin AS Shofer FS Steinberg SA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):850-859
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma. 相似文献