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1.
利用采自纯系蛋用黄羽鹌鹑健康群体的血样，对黄羽鹌鹑的血液细胞学和主要血液生理学参数进行了研究。结果表明，黄羽鹌鹑的血液细胞形态与鸡和其它禽类相似。黄羽鹤鹑的红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容均存在性别差异，其中红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容雄性均显著高于雌性（P〈0．05），凝血细胞数量雌性显著高于雄性（P〈0．01）。凝血细胞长度比红细胞短，其宽度与红细胞差异不显著（P〉0．05）。3周龄和7周龄比较红细胞数量、凝血细胞数量、血红蛋白含量和血细胞比容均无显著差异（P〉0．05），白细胞数量和分类以及各类白细胞的大小在性别和周龄间均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
2.
试验以（28±2）日龄长白×大白二元杂种断奶仔猪为研究对象,通过在饲料中添加溶菌酶,研究其对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻以及血液生化指标的影响。试验结果表明,在1～15d,溶菌酶高剂量组比空白对照组平均日增重提高46g,比抗生素组高22g,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）;溶菌酶低剂量组、溶菌酶高剂量组和溶菌酶＋抗生素组与空白对照组相比腹泻率分别降低61．33％、56．75％和59．04％,且差异显著（t9〈0．05）。在1～30d,溶菌酶高剂量组比空白对照组日增重提高13g,差异不显著（P〉0.05）;溶菌酶低剂量组、溶菌酶高剂量组和溶菌酶＋抗生素组、抗生素组与空白对照组相比腹泻率分别降低77．56％、74．91％、76.33％和55．2l％,且差异显著（P〈0.05）。溶菌酶高剂量组的白细胞数量比溶菌酶低剂量组、溶菌酶＋抗生素组和抗生素组有明显降低,且差异显著（P〈0.05）。血小板数溶菌酶低剂量组和空白对照组明显高于抗生素组,且差异显著（P〈0.05）。试验各组的血红蛋白浓度差异不显著（P〉0.05）。溶菌酶高剂量组的炎症指数明显低于溶菌酶低剂量组和抗生素组,且差异显著（P〈0．05）,也低于溶菌酶＋抗生素组和空白对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。免疫强度指数溶菌酶高剂量组明显低于溶菌酶低剂量组、溶菌酶＋抗生素组和抗生素组,且差异显著（P〈0．05）,也低于空白对照组,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
3.
研究旨在探讨植物提取物饲料添加剂爱绿宁对3～6周龄樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能及血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取体质健康、体重中等的14日龄樱桃谷肉鸭320羽（公母各半），随机分为2组，每组4个重复，每重复40羽。Ⅰ组为空白对照组，饲喂基础饲粮；Ⅱ组为试验组，在每千克基础饲粮中添加爱绿宁150mg，试验期27d。结果表明：（1）与Ⅰ组相比，Ⅱ组平均日采食量、平均日增重分别提高0．89％（P〉0．05）、3．39％（P〉0．05）；Ⅱ组料重比较Ⅰ组显著降低2．63％（P〈0．05）。（2）Ⅱ组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性相较于Ⅰ组提高0．46％（P〉0．05）；试验组血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性与对照组相比，显著提高11．58％（P〈0．05）。可见，在3～6周龄樱桃谷肉鸭饲粮中添加150mg／kg爱绿宁可提高其生长性能及血清抗氧化指标。 相似文献
4.
凝结芽孢杆菌对1～21日龄樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、血清抗氧化指标和免疫器官指数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在探讨凝结芽孢杆菌对l～21日龄樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、血清抗氧化指标、免疫器官指数的影响。选取体质健康、体重中等的1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭750羽,随机分为5组（每组设5个重复,每重复30羽）：I组为空白对照组,饲喂基础饲粮;Ⅱ组为抗生素对照组,在基础饲粮的基础上添加30mg/kg杆菌肽锌;nl、1V和V组为试验组,分别在基础饲粮的基础上添加100mg,kg、200mg/kg和300mg＆g凝结芽孢杆菌制剂,试验期21d。结果表明：1）与I组相比,Ⅲ、Ⅳ和V组平均日增重分别提高了o．39％（P〉0．05）、n39％（P〉O．05）和1．18％（Dn05）;料重比分别显著降低了1．25％（尺O．05）、1．88％（P〈0．05）和2．50％（P〈0．05）;各组之间成活率没有显著差异。2）V组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性相较于I组显著提高了6．53％（P〈0．05）。3）与I组比,V组胸腺指数显著提高了26．67％（P〈O．05）;V组法氏囊指数与I、Ⅱ组比分别显著提高6．37％（P〈0．05）、6．37％（P〈0．05）。可见,在1～21日龄樱桃谷肉鸭饲粮中添加300me,＆g凝结芽孢杆菌制剂能提高肉鸭平均日增重,降低料重比,提高血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,同时还能提高其免疫器官指数。 相似文献
5.
本研究测定了石林龙晖野生动物科研中心饲养的非洲白犀牛的红细胞数、血红蛋白、红细胞比积、平均红细胞体积、平均血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、红细胞宽度变异系数、红细胞宽度标准差、血小板数、平均血小板体积、白细胞数、淋巴细胞绝对值、中间细胞绝对值、粒细胞绝对值、淋巴细胞百分比、中间细胞百分比、粒细胞百分比、大血小板百分比、血小板比积、血小板分布宽度。通过比较分析,雌、雄犀牛在红细胞数、大血小板百分比差异性显著（O．01〈P〈0．05）。其他雌、雄犀牛各项参数差异性不显著（P〉0．05）。雄性白犀牛与公乌蒙马相比,二者的血红蛋白差异性不显著。雌性白犀牛血液中的红细胞数与母乌蒙马的红细胞数差异性不显著。雌、雄白犀牛与安西牛的红细胞数和血红蛋白差异性不显著。因此,在诊断白犀牛血液常规指标时可参考乌蒙马和安西牛相关血液常规指标。 相似文献
6.
本研究旨在探讨牛磺酸对肉仔鸡生产性能和血清生化指标的影响。选用288只1日龄AA肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组3个重复。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮（不合抗生素）;第Ⅱ组为抗生素组,在基础日粮中添加50mg／kg的杆菌肽锌;第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组为牛磺酸添加组,在基础日粮中分别添加0．05％、0．10％、0．15％和0．20％的牛磺酸,试验期42天。结果表明：（1）日粮中添加0．10％牛磺酸,能够显著提高肉仔鸡42日龄平均末重和平均日增重,显著降低料重比（P〈0．05）;（2）添加0．10％的牛磺酸能显著降低42日龄肉仔鸡血清中葡萄糖（GLU）、尿酸（UA）含量（P〈0．05）,显著提高血清总蛋白（TPO）含量（P〈0．05）;0．15％和0．20％的牛磺酸能显著降低血清中GLU含量（P〈0．05）,0．15％牛磺酸使血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）含量显著提高（P〈0．05）;添加牛磺酸可以使42日龄肉仔鸡血清甘油三酯（TG）含量有不同程度降低,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
7.
选用144头（28±2）日龄的长×大二元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3个组,每组8个重复栏,每个重复栏6头仔猪（公母各半）,基础饲粮添加了2000mg／kg锌（氧化锌）,在此基础上分别添加0,40,60ms／kg的锌（有机锌）,用以研究高锌饲粮中添加不同水平有机锌对仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明：饲粮中以有机锌形式添加锌40,60mg／kg,使断奶仔猪平均日增重分别提高了9．87％（P〈0．05）和20．40％（P〈0．05）,日耗料量分别提高了5．09％（P〈0．05）和10．40％（P〈0．05）,料重比则分别降低了4．29％（P〈0．05）和8．59％（P〈0．01）,且添加60mg／kg的效果好于40mg／kg;使断奶仔猪腹泻率降低了50％以上,并显著提高了血清碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶的活性（P〈0．05）,显著降低了血清尿素氮水平（P〈0．05）,但对血清锌、白蛋白和总蛋白含量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
8.
果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡肠道菌群数量、发酵粪中氨气和硫化氢散发量及营养素利用率的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
选用360只1日龄AA肉公鸡，随机分成5个处理组，每个处理设6个重复，每个重复12只鸡。试验饲粮分别为：基础饲粮（对照组），基础饲粮＋0．3％果寡糖，基础饲粮＋0．1％枯草芽孢杆菌，基础饲粮＋0．3％果寡糖＋0．1％枯草芽孢杆菌，基础饲粮＋150mg／kg金霉素（有效成分为15％）。结果表明：果寡糖和枯草芽孢杆菌具有选择性地增加肉鸡盲肠中的乳酸杆菌等有益菌群的数量，减少大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等有害菌的数量，二者的复合添加可以更好地调节肉鸡肠道微生态环境；与对照组相比，肉鸡饲粮中果寡糖的添加使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低38．38％（P〈0．05）和24．35％（P〈0．05），果寡糖＋枯草芽孢杆菌的添加使发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量分别降低62．14％（P〈0．05）和28．49％（P〈0．05），枯草芽孢杆菌或金霉素的添加对发酵粪中NH3和H2S的散发量均无显著影响（P〉0．05）；果寡糖、枯草芽孢杆菌和果寡糖＋枯草芽孢杆菌的添加，使肉鸡对粗灰分的利用率分别提高了18．94％（P〈0．05）、17．36％（P〈0．05）和23．66％（P〈0．05），钙的利用率分别提高了20．78％（P〈0．05）、14．63％（P〈0．05）和21．31％（P〈0．05），磷的利用率分别提高了6．60％（P〉0．05）、12．32％（P〈0．05）和14．67%（P〈0．05），但不影响粗蛋白利用率（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
9.
益生素在肉鸡生产中替代抗生素的试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选1日龄AA健康肉鸡600羽，随机分为3组，分别为对照组（空白）、抗生素组（3．3mg/kg硫酸粘杆菌素＋16．5mg/kg杆菌肽锌）、益生素组（添加0．1％益生素），每组设4个重复，每个重复50羽。试验结果表明：抗生素和益生素组分别比对照组提高增重4．17％和6．98％（P＜0．05），料肉比分别下降1．77％和2．60％（P＞0．05），益生素组比抗生素下降40％和43．3％（P＜0．05）。益生素组显著降低了肉鸡肠道内大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量（P＜0．05），显著提高了肠道内乳酸杆菌的数量（P＜0．05），而抗生素在显著降低大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌等有害菌数量的同时，也显著降低了有益菌乳酸杆菌的数量（P＜0．05）。无论从肉鸡生产性能、腹泻率还是经济效益结果分析，益生素可以作为抗生素的替代品应用于肉鸡生产中。 相似文献
10.
试验选取5-6kg杜长大三元杂种健康断奶仔猪180头,随机分成3组,研究发酵酶解饲料代替鱼粉、乳清粉和抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻和肠道微生物菌群的影响。研究发现,饲料中使用20％发酵酶解饲料后,断奶仔猪的日增重比鱼粉＋乳清粉＋抗生素组和鱼粉＋乳清粉组分别提高1．50％（P〉0．05）、9．29％（P〈0．05）,日采食量比鱼粉＋乳清粉＋抗生素组和鱼粉＋乳清粉组分别提高2．22％（P〉0．05）、10．83％（P〈0．05）,但各组料重比未见有明显变化（P〉0．05）;腹泻率比鱼粉＋乳清粉＋抗生素组提高8．97％（P〉0．05）,比鱼粉＋乳清粉组降低19．12％（p〈0．05）;十二指肠、空肠的乳酸菌数量明显增加,而回肠、盲肠和结肠乳酸菌数量呈现增加趋势（19〉0．05）,十二指肠、盲肠的大肠杆菌数量明显降低,而空肠、回肠和结肠大肠杆菌数量呈现降低趋势（P〉0．05）。结果表明,饲料中添加20％发酵酶解饲料能够完全代替鱼粉、乳清粉和抗生素,可明显促进断奶仔猪生长,降低腹泻率,提高断奶仔猪肠道前段的乳酸菌数量,显著降低十二指肠、盲肠的大肠杆菌数量。 相似文献
11.
The number of donkeys and mules throughout the world is stable, and awareness of their use and concern for welfare, pain recognition and treatment are receiving increasing veterinary interest. Therefore, accurate information about anaesthesia and analgesia in donkeys and mules is important to ever more equine practitioners. Since donkeys are physiologically and pharmacologically different from horses, knowledge on species specific aspects of anaesthesia and analgesia are very important. Mules combine elements from both donkey and horse backgrounds, leading to great diversity in size, temperament and body type. Physiologically, they seem to resemble horses more than donkeys. This review highlights the current knowledge on various anaesthetic and analgesic approaches in donkeys and mules. There is still much information that is not available about donkeys; in many circumstances, the clinician must use available equine information to treat the patient, while monitoring carefully to observe for differences in response to therapy compared to the horse. 相似文献
12.
13.
The large intestine of 10 cows was examined from the right abdominal wall with a 3.5 MHz linear transducer. The cows were then slaughtered, and the organs were re-examined in a water bath. The caecum was visualised from the middle region of the abdominal wall. It ran caudo-cranially, varied in diameter from 5.2 to 18.0 cm and was situated immediately adjacent to the abdominal wall. The lateral wall of the caecum appeared as a thick, echogenic, crescent-shaped line. It could be visualised as far cranially as the 12th intercostal space. Although its junction could not be identified, the proximal ansa of the colon was recognised on the basis of its anatomical position and its diameter, which was smaller than that of the caecum. The spiral ansa of the colon and the descending colon were situated dorsal to the caecum and could be identified by moving the transducer horizontally along the abdominal wall to the last rib. The spiral ansa of the colon was situated ventral to the descending colon, and its walls appeared as thick echogenic lines. In a contracted state, the spiral colon had the appearance of a garland. 相似文献
14.
K Militzer 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1990,97(6):239-243
Ethological studies are important means to evaluate the behaviour of small laboratory animals (mouse, rat, guinea-pig and rabbit) and their housing conditions. At any rate, the only sparse range of body expressions, the smallness and preference of night activity of these animals and the erratic occurrence of essential behaviour patterns make the investigations more difficult. On the other hand, the standardization of laboratory housing and the genetic definition of these animals turn out to be favourable. By this way, behaviour-environment-relationships are suitable for evaluation. Taking into consideration methodical and biological restrictions, the specific activities such as fight, relaxed resting behaviour and play as well as unbalanced behaviour patterns and stereotypes can be taken as means of evaluation. Particularly in mice and rabbits, upright position and space consuming activities will be possibly restricted by cage sizes. 相似文献
15.
Effects of age and diet on the development of the pancreas and the synthesis and secretion of pancreatic enzymes in the young pig 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
Effects of age and diet composition on amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin activities in the pancreas and intestinal contents, pancreas weights and body weights were determined from birth to 56 d. A total of 120 pigs, five to seven pigs/litter from 18 litters, were slaughtered at birth, 14, 27, 29, 31, 42 and 56 d. Litters were allotted to dietary treatments (corn-soy, A; corn-soy + 20% dried whey, B; corn-soy + 5% lard, C) and offered these diets as creep feed at 14 d. All pigs were weaned at 28 d, placed in elevated nursery pens and fed their respective diets. Total activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in the pancreas and small intestine increased (P less than .05) with age. Both trypsin and amylase activities, measured per kilogram body weight or gram pancreas weight, were low at 29 d in the intestine and increased to 56 d. Pigs on diet B had the highest level of trypsin and chymotrypsin in the intestinal contents (P less than .05). Trypsin activity in the pancreas (units/kg body weight) was lowest (P less than .05) for pigs on diet B and highest (P less than .05) for those on diet C (units/g pancreas and units/kg body weight). Amylase activity (units/kg body weight) was lower (P less than .05) in the pancreas for pigs on diet B than for those on diets A and C. Pigs on diet A had lower (P less than .01) intestinal amylase activities than those on diets B and C. Enzyme activities in the intestinal contents and pancreas were low following weaning. In the pancreas, activities decreased at 31 d.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
16.
Blood and urine samples of 180 dairy cows from 12 herds were examined. Sodium and potassium concentrations were determined in erythrocytes, whole blood, plasma, urine, and glucose concentration in blood: the interrelations were compared. Sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes were 85.15 +/- 11.45 mmol/l, and 25.93 +/- 7.81 mmol/l, respectively. A statistically significant relation was found between sodium and potassium concentrations in erythrocytes (r = 0.3467+++) and the content of electrolyte in blood cells and in whole blood (Na: r = 0.5336+++; K: r = 0.3561+++). No statistically significant relation of intraerythrocyte concentration of both electrolytes was confirmed with respect to the other characteristics (sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma and urine, and glucose concentration in blood). In the conditions of routine laboratory diagnostics in clinically healthy cows, determinations of intraerythrocyte sodium and potassium do not broaden possibilities of evaluating the metabolic state of these electrolytes and cannot be used as the characteristics of energy insufficiency. The cannot replace the analyses performed in serum and urine. 相似文献
17.
The rate of flow of fluid from the caecum and from the large colon was measured in four Shetland-type ponies fed a hay diet. In two ponies with cannulas in the caecum and at the origin of the right ventral colon, a continuous intracaecal infusion of a solution of chromium EDTA was used and samples were obtained from the cannula at the origin of the right ventral colon. Based on four determinations, the liquid flow from the caecum was 54.2 +/- 1.89 litres d-1. In the other two ponies with cannulas in the origin of the right ventral colon and near the end of the right dorsal colon, a continuous infusion of chromium EDTA was made into the right ventral colon and samples were obtained from the right dorsal colon. The flow rate towards the end of the dorsal colon was 49.4 +/- 1.25 litres d-1, based on four determinations. The capacities of the caecum and large colon after death were 7.0 +/- 0.8 and 17.7 +/- 3.7 litres, respectively. 相似文献
18.
本文应用Ｆｏｒｔａｎａ—Ｍａｓｓｏｎ嗜银颗粒染色法研究了貉、蓝狐、银狐的胃及十二指肠内嗜银细胞的形态分布。结果表明：三种动物胃幽门腺中，嗜根细胞数量最多，呈锥状，嗜银颗粒较粗，密度大、染成深黑色。在胃底及胃贲门腺区、嗜银细胞数量少。在十二指肠部嗜银细胞呈蝌蚪形，嗜银颗粒细，呈黑褐色，密度较小。嗜银细胞的分布密度在三种动物中具有一定的差别。 相似文献
19.
L R Whalen T L Spurgeon R E Carsten D H Gould 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(5):1063-1070
The maximal conduction velocities of compound-action potentials in the proximal and distal parts of the saphenous nerve were determined by averaging potentials evoked and recorded through needle electrodes. Antidromic, triphasic compound-action potentials unipolarly recorded from the distal part of the saphenous nerve were of the same minimal latency as potentials having 4 phases which were recorded bipolarly from the same site. However, the unipolarly recorded potentials were of greater amplitude. Monophasic compound-action potentials were recorded through bipolar chlorided silver electrodes from the surface of fascicles of the distal part of the saphenous nerve. The maximal conduction velocity of these potentials was in agreement with the conduction velocity of compound-action potentials of the distal part of the saphenous nerve which were evoked and recorded through subcutaneous needle electrodes. The specificities of the stimulating and recording sites were verified by recording before and after the saphenous nerve was cut between the stimulating and recording sites. Mean conduction velocities were 62.3 +/- 2.0 m/s for the distal part of the saphenous nerve and 66.3 +/- 2.2 m/s for the proximal part of the saphenous nerve. Reflex-evoked muscle activity was elicited in the ipsilateral tensor muscle of the fascia lata and semimembranous muscle after electrical stimulation of the saphenous nerve through subcutaneous needle electrodes. The effects of various stimulus intensities on the latency and duration of these reflex-evoked muscle potentials were determined. 相似文献
20.