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试验采用氮平衡试验研究产蛋高峰期罗曼公、母鸡的氮维持需要量(Nm),并分析公、母鸡氮代谢的变化规律。试验选取27周龄健康的公、母鸡各30只,分别分为5个处理,每处理6个重复,每个重复1只试鸡,对公、母鸡分别饲喂5个不同粗蛋白质水平的试验日粮。结果表明:相同蛋白水平处理组的公鸡氮食入量和氮沉积率均高于母鸡的结果。母鸡和公鸡的氮食入量(NI)与氮沉积量(NB)间的回归方程分别为NB=0.3743NI-0.1589(R2=0.79)和NB=0.6228NI-0.3151(R2=0.85)。母鸡和公鸡的氮维持需要量分别为每天0.4245g和0.5059g;每千克体重0.2364g和0.2754g;每千克代谢体重0.2739g和0.3208g。 相似文献
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饲粮色氨酸对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生长、胴体品质、体成分沉积及下丘脑5-羟色胺的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
本试验旨在研究饲粮色氨酸对43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡生产性能、胴体品质、体成分沉积以及下丘脑5-羟色胺含量等的影响,以确定43～63日龄黄羽肉鸡色氨酸需要量.选用1 600只43日龄岭南黄鸡,采用5×2两因子设计,设5个饲粮色氨酸水平(0.11%、0.14%、0.17%、0.20%和0.23%)和公母2个性别.结果表明,基础饲粮中添加色氨酸可显著改善黄羽肉公、母鸡的生产性能,提高机体蛋白质沉积和下丘脑中5-羟色胺浓度,改善公鸡的胴体品质.不同性别黄羽肉鸡的生产性能、胴体品质和体蛋白质沉积量间存在显著差异(P<0.05).与母鸡相比,公鸡采食较多,饲料利用率和体蛋白质沉积量较高,导致其增重较快,胴体产出和腿肉产量较高.公鸡的日采食量、胸肌率和腹脂率对饲粮中色氨酸浓度变化比母鸡更敏感.根据二次回归模型估测公鸡和母鸡获得最大日增重95%处的饲粮总色氨酸含量为0.181%和0.185%(每日需要量为0.184和0.169 g/d),可消化色氨酸含量分别为0.162%和0.166%(每日需要量为0.165和0.152 g/d),色氨酸与赖氨酸比例分别为20.1∶100和20.6∶100.公、母鸡获得最大体蛋白质沉积的饲粮中总色氨酸和可消化色氨酸含量为0.17%和0.15%. 相似文献
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试验选取28周龄健康的罗曼公母鸡各16只,分别分为2个处理,每处理8个重复,每个重复1只鸡,分别饲喂2种试验日粮,即无氮日粮(NFD)和NFD+5%酪蛋白,比较分析2种方法测得的公母鸡内源氨基酸排泄量(EAAL)的差异。结果表明:采用NFD法和NFD+5%酪蛋白所得的公母鸡内源氨基酸和总蛋白质的排泄量有所不同。酪蛋白组能够增加内源氮和内源氨基酸的排泄量,NFD+5%酪蛋白法所测得的内源氮和内源氨基酸排泄量更接近试鸡的真实情况。2种测定方法公鸡内源氮和内源氨基酸的排泄量均高于母鸡的结果。 相似文献
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将4只鸡笼中24周龄的22只海兰 W—36小母鸡,用5种不同的日粮饲喂336天,以确定对氨基酸和蛋白质的需要量。日粮1,鸡每天采食16.5克蛋白质和550mg 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;日粮2,含有660mg赖氨酸和550mg 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;日粮3,供给鸡只630mg 赖氨酸和525mg 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;日粮4含有600mg 赖氨酸和525mg 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸;日粮5含有570mg 赖氨酸和475mg 蛋氨酸+胱氨酸。结果表明:尽管日粮2的蛋白质含量比日粮1低1.33%,但其产蛋量和蛋重却与日粮1相同;蛋鸡在24～44周龄间每日的赖氨酸需要量为635～685mg,在此阶段高于 相似文献
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0～21和22～42日龄黄羽肉鸡可消化蛋氨酸需要量的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验一和试验二分别选用1日龄和22日龄岭南黄鸡各2 000只和1 600只,按性别和体重分成10处理组(公、母鸡各5组),每组4重复栏,每栏50(试验一)和40只鸡(试验二)。2个试验均采用5(饲粮蛋氨酸水平)×2(性别)两因子试验设计,试验一和二分别设0.35%、0.40%、0.45%、0.50%和0.55%以及0.30%、0.35%、0.40%、0.45%和0.50%5个饲粮蛋氨酸水平。结果表明:随着饲粮蛋氨酸水平提高,0～21日龄和22～42日龄公、母鸡每日总蛋氨酸摄入量和真可消化蛋氨酸摄入量呈线性或二次曲线升高(P<0.05);0～21日龄公、母鸡的日增重呈二次曲线升高(P<0.05),0～21日龄和22～42日龄公、母鸡的饲料增重比呈二次曲线降低(P<0.05或0.1)。可见,在基础饲粮中添加适量蛋氨酸改善了黄羽肉鸡的生产性能。根据二次回归模型估测黄羽肉鸡获得最佳生产性能95%处的总蛋氨酸需要量和真可消化蛋氨酸需要量,0~21日龄母鸡为0.433%~0.435%和0.404%~0.406%,公鸡为0.445%~0.454%和0.416%~0.425%,22～42日龄母鸡为0.463%和0.437%,公鸡为0.375%和0.349%。 相似文献
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试验选用768只1日龄肉公鸡,随机将其分为6个处理,每个处理8个重复。依据理想赖氨酸:蛋氨酸比例及赖氨酸需要量回归方程,研究每周赖氨酸需要量分别增加5%、10%以及降低5%、10%、15%后,日粮中不同蛋白质水平对肉鸡生产性能、胴体组成及氮排出的影响。试验结果表明:①氨基酸-蛋白质水平提高后可显著降低0～7周龄肉鸡腹脂含量(P0.05),对生产性能及胸肉、腿肉产量无显著影响;②降低氨基酸-蛋白质水平能显著降低粪氮排出(P0.05),当氨基酸水平降低10%～15%后,肉鸡腹脂量显著增加(P0.05),对0～7周龄肉鸡平均体重、体增重、采食量、饲料转化率及胸肉、腿肉产量没有显著影响(P0.05);③0～1周龄肉公鸡日粮中赖氨酸水平降低5%(蛋白水平降为21.47%)时,对其生产性能和胴体组成无任何不良影响,同时可最大程度地减少氮排出。 相似文献
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本研究旨在通过建立数学模型估测肉鹅的氨基酸需要量.利用析因法将肉鹅的氨基酸需要量剖分为生长和维持2部分.试验1:设计无氮和低氮2种饲粮,研究维持状态下肉鹅蛋白质需要量.试验2:利用屠宰试验,分析肉鹅沉积于羽毛、胴体和内脏中的蛋白质量,研究肉鹅生长的蛋白质需要量.结果表明:肉鹅由皮肤脱落损失的蛋白质量为6.52 g/d,肌酐代谢排出的蛋白质量为1.26 g/d,内源损失的蛋白质量为3.48 g/d,由此得出肉鹅维持每千克代谢体重的蛋白质需要量为5.37 g/d;单位体增重中沉积于羽毛和体组织(胴体和内脏)中的蛋白质量分别为0.045 1和0.141 8 g/d.由上述结果估测肉鹅氨基酸需要量的数学模型为:AA＝5.37W2/3×MAA+0.045 1ΔW×FAA+0.141 8ΔW×CAA.式中:AA为氨基酸需要量(g/d);W2/3为代谢体重(kg);ΔW为日增重(g);MAA、FAA、CAA分别为维持、羽毛、胴体生长的氨基酸模式.利用此模型对肉鹅0～9周龄的氨基酸需要量进行动态估测,多数氨基酸的需要量高于前苏联畜牧科学研究所(1985)的建议量. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen retention and compare nitrogen metabolism in Lohmann Brown adult roosters and layers. The nitrogen maintenance requirement ( Nm ) was determined based on the nitrogen balance. Thirty Lohmann Brown adult roosters and 30 laying hens at 27 weeks of age were randomly divided into five groups of six birds per group. The birds were fed with one of five diets containing 10.46%, 11.77%, 13.79%, 16.77% or 18.29%of crude protein. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention efficiency were higher in roosters than in laying hens, and the average nitrogen retention rate for groups fed with CP level of 11.77%,13.79%, 16.77% and 18. 29% was improved by 9.14%. The nitrogen maintenance requirement for Lohmann Brown roosters and laying hens at 27 weeks of age were 0.4245 g/d and 0.5059 g/d, respectively,and Nm based on average body weight (BW) and metabolic body weight ( BW0.75 ) was 0.2364 g/kg BW and 0.2739 g/kg BW0.75 for laying hens and 0.2754 g/kg BW and 0.3208 g/kg BW0.75 for roosters, respectively. The regression equations for daily N gain ( NB, protein accretion) vs. daily N intake ( NI )for Lohmann Brown layers and roosters were NB =0.3743NI -0. 1589(R2 =0.79) and NB =0.6228NI -0.3151 (R2 =0.85),respectively. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention at the same dietary CP level were higher in roosters than in laying hens. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen retention and compare nitrogen metabolism in Lohmann Brown adult roosters and layers. The nitrogen maintenance requirement (Nm) was determined based on the nitrogen balance. Thirty Lohmann Brown adult roosters and 30 laying hens at 27 weeks of age were randomly divided into five groups of six birds per group. The birds were fed with one of five diets containing 10.46%, 11.77%, 13.79%, 16.77% or 18.29% of crude protein. Nitrogen intake, nitrogen retention and nitrogen retention efficiency were higher in roosters than in laying hens, and the average nitrogen retention rate for groups fed with CP level of 11.77%, 13.79%, 16.77% and 18.29% was improved by 9.14%. The nitrogen maintenance requirement for Lohmann Brown roosters and laying hens at 27 weeks of age were 0.4245 g/d and 0.5059 g/d, respectively, and Nm based on average body weight (BW) and metabolic body weight (BW0.75) was 0.2364 g/kg BW and 0.2739 g/kg BW0.75 for laying hens and 0.2754 g/kg BW and 0.3208 g/kg BW0.75 for roosters, respectively. The regression equations for daily N gain (NB, protein accretion) vs. daily N intake (NI) for Lohmann Brown layers and roosters were NB = 0.3743NI–0.1589 (R2 = 0.79) and NB = 0.6228NI–0.3151 (R2 = 0.85), respectively. The results of this study indicate that nitrogen intake and nitrogen retention at the same dietary CP level were higher in roosters than in laying hens. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能(ME)水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡生产性能、血清生化指标和蛋品质的影响,并建立代谢能需要量析因模型,确定产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的饲粮代谢能需要量。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,选取40周龄、体重相近的健康汶上芦花鸡360只,随机分为5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂代谢能水平为10.68、10.89、11.10、11.30和11.51MJ/kg的试验饲粮,其他主要营养水平保持一致。预试期7d,试验期35d。结果表明:1)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日代谢能摄入量(ADMEI)、平均体重、代谢体重(BW0.75)、产蛋数、产蛋率和平均日产蛋量(ADEM)均有显著影响(P0.05)。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,ADFI、ADMEI、产蛋数、产蛋率和ADEM呈增加趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时降低。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,料蛋比呈降低趋势,但当代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时增加。饲粮代谢能水平为11.51和11.30 MJ/kg时的平均体重和BW0.75显著高于代谢能水平为11.10 MJ/kg时(P0.05)。2)随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的血清葡萄糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)和总胆固醇(TCHO)含量均呈增加趋势。3)饲粮代谢能水平对产蛋期汶上芦花鸡的蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位和蛋黄比率有显著影响(P0.05)。低能组(代谢能水平为10.68、10.89和11.10 MJ/kg)的蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于高能组(代谢能水平为11.30和11.51 MJ/kg)(P0.05)。随饲粮代谢能水平的升高,蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率呈增加趋势,其中代谢能水平为11.51 MJ/kg时的蛋黄颜色和蛋黄比率显著高于其他各代谢能水平时(P0.05)。4)以ADMEI为因变量,以平均日增重(ADG)、ADEM和BW0.75为自变量,拟合41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡饲粮代谢能需要量的析因模型为:ADMEI=0.88 ADG+10.63 ADEM+476.40 BW0.75(R2=0.982 5,P0.05)。满足41~45周龄汶上芦花鸡最佳生产性能的适宜饲粮代谢能需要量为11.29 MJ/kg。 相似文献
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Schulin-Zeuthen M Kebreab E Gerrits WJ Lopez S Fan MZ Dias RS France J 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(8):1953-1961
Many studies have highlighted concerns over current methods of determining endogenous P losses and P requirements in growing pigs. Therefore, a database containing observations on 350 pigs was assembled from various studies. Four functions for analyzing P balance data were considered: 1) a straight line, 2) a diminishing returns function (monomolecular), 3) a sigmoidal function with a fixed point of inflection (Gompertz), and 4) a sigmoidal function with a flexible point of inflection (Richards). The nonlinear functions were specifically reparameterized to assign biological meaning to the parameters. Meta-analysis of the data was conducted to estimate endogenous P excretion, maintenance requirement, and efficiency of utilization. Phosphorus retention was regressed against either available P intake or total P intake [all variables scaled by metabolic BW (BW(0.75))]. There was evidence of non-linearity in the data, and the monomolecular function provided the best fit to the data. The Richards equation did not fit the data well and appeared overparameterized. Estimates of endogenous P excretion of 14 and 17 mg/kg of BW(0.75) x d based on available and total P analysis, respectively, were predicted by the monomolecular equation, which were within the range reported in the literature. Maintenance requirement values of 15 mg of available P/kg of BW(0.75) x d and 37 mg of total P/kg of BW(0.75) x d were obtained, based on the monomolecular equation. Average efficiencies of conversion of dietary P to retained P were 65 and 36% for available and total P, respectively, with greater efficiency values calculated for low P intakes. Although the monomolecular equation fitted the data best, more observations at high P intakes/kg of BW(0.75) are required to determine conclusively whether P retention scaled by metabolic BW is linearly related to available or total P intake. 相似文献
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1. Medium weight laying hens were used for an assay to determine their isoleucine requirement between 26 and 36 weeks of age and again between 46 and 56 weeks of age. 2. Two isoleucine-limiting mixtures were formulated with similar amino acid profiles, one containing 198 g and the other 110 g crude protein per kg diet. These mixtures were blended to give a series of 11 diets with isoleucine contents ranging from 7.6 to 3.8 g/kg. The lowest protein diet was also fed with a supplement of L-isoleucine. Each of the 12 diets was given to 5 groups of 24 laying hens. 3. The daily isoleucine requirement of individual laying hens was estimated to be 9.48 mg/g egg output plus 44.47 mg/kg body weight per day for the 1st period and 12.11 mg/g egg output plus 6.86 mg/kg body weight per day for the 2nd period. Calculated optimum intakes of isoleucine for various ratios of cost of input to value of output are tabulated. For example, for a flock of medium weight hens producing an average of 50 g daily egg mass, the optimum isoleucine intake (mg/hen d) varied between 760 and 890 varying for ratios of costs to egg prices. 4. It is concluded that the isoleucine required per day does not decrease during the first laying year despite a decrease in rate of egg output. 相似文献
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Optimum threonine requirement of laying hens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1. One experiment was conducted with medium weight laying hens to determine their threonine requirement between 28-38 weeks. 2. Two threonine-limiting diets of identical protein quality (summit-dilution) were used and, by dilution, ten protein contents were produced supplying 2.7 to 5.4 g total threonine/kg diet. The diet with the lowest protein was also supplemented with synthetic L-threonine. Each diet was fed to 5 groups of 24 laying hens. 3. The daily threonine requirement of the individual laying hens was estimated by direct methods to be 8.7 mg/g egg output plus 43.49 mg/kg body weight for this experiment. Calculated optimum intakes of threonine for various ratios of costs of input to value of output are tabulated. For example, for a flock of medium weight laying hens producing an average of 50 g daily egg mass, the optimum threonine intake (mg/hen d) varied between 700 and 710 for cost ratios (k-values) varying between 0.002 and 0.001. 相似文献
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Probably due to methodological problems the knowledge about the AA requirement for maintenance in pigs is rather scarce. In the present study an alternative experimental approach was applied and its underlying hypothesis was tested, whether protein retention decreases with body weight (BW), when daily lysine intake remains constant and acts as the limiting factor for protein retention, and whether this decrease reflects the increasing requirement of lysine for maintenance. If this hypothesis can be confirmed, lysine requirement for maintenance can be calculated when assuming a certain value for lysine concentration in body protein, since marginal efficiency of dietary lysine utilisation for protein retention is not affected by its level of intake (when being below the level necessary for maximum response), BW, protein retention capacity of the animal nor by energy intake. A series of N balances experiments using twelve castrated male pigs were performed at approximately 35, 55, 80, 110, and 140 kg of BW and body composition was determined by the D2O dilution technique. Two lysine intake levels were tested to prove that the animals on the lower level respond to additional lysine and, therefore, have received a lysine-limiting diet, the prerequisite for the alternative. Based on the extent of the decrease in protein retention with BW the following estimates for the maintenance lysine requirement were derived: 18 mg/kg BW, 71 mg/kg BW0.75, 29 mg/kg fat free substance, and 121 mg/kg body protein. These estimates are higher than values reported in the literature, which might be caused by methodological differences or by the higher feed intake of the animals in the present study. 相似文献
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生长鹅氮维持需要量的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验通过采用回归法(REG)、无氮日粮法(NFD)和绝食代谢法(FAS)比较研究生长期扬州鹅的氮维持需要(Nm)。结果表明:(1)三种方法所得的Nm分别为242.3、191.2和243.7mg/kgBW0.75;(2)NFD研究得出,排泄物含氮量和总氮量与无氮日粮采食量分别呈极显著和显著的负相关(P=0.000,P<0.01和P=0.019,P<0.05)。REG和FAS这两种方法估测结果较为接近,其中REG法更为可靠,更可取,生长期扬州鹅的Nm为240.0mg/kgBW0.75左右。 相似文献
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Fernandes MH Resende KT Tedeschi LO Fernandes JS Silva HM Carstens GE Berchielli TT Teixeira IA Akinaga L 《Journal of animal science》2007,85(4):1014-1023
Meat production by goats has become an important livestock enterprise in several parts of the world. Nonetheless, energy and protein requirements of meat goats have not been defined thoroughly. The objective of this study was to determine the energy and protein requirements for maintenance and growth of 34 (3/4) Boer x (1/4) Saanen crossbred, intact male kids (20.5 +/- 0.24 kg of initial BW). The baseline group was 7 randomly selected kids, averaging 21.2 +/- 0.36 kg of BW. An intermediate group consisted of 6 randomly selected kids, fed for ad libitum intake, that were slaughtered when they reached an average BW of 28.2 +/- 0.39 kg. The remaining kids (n = 21) were allocated randomly on d 0 to 3 levels of DMI (treatments were ad libitum or restricted to 70 or 40% of the ad libitum intake) within 7 slaughter groups. A slaughter group contained 1 kid from each treatment, and kids were slaughtered when the ad libitum treatment kid reached 35 kg of BW. Individual body components (head plus feet, hide, internal organs plus blood, and carcass) were weighed, ground, mixed, and subsampled for chemical analyses. Initial body composition was determined using equations developed from the composition of the baseline kids. The calculated daily maintenance requirement for NE was 77.3 +/- 1.05 kcal/kg(0.75) of empty BW (EBW) or 67.4 +/- 1.04 kcal/kg(0.75) of shrunk BW. The daily ME requirement for maintenance (118.1 kcal/kg(0.75) of EBW or 103.0 kcal/kg(0.75) of shrunk BW) was calculated by iteration, assuming that the heat produced was equal to the ME intake at maintenance. The partial efficiency of use of ME for NE below maintenance was 0.65. A value of 2.44 +/- 0.4 g of net protein/kg(0.75) of EBW for daily maintenance was determined. Net energy requirements for growth ranged from 2.55 to 3.0 Mcal/kg of EBW gain at 20 and 35 kg of BW, and net protein requirements for growth ranged from 178.8 to 185.2 g/kg of EBW gain. These results suggest that NE and net protein requirements for growing meat goats exceed the requirements previously published for dairy goats. Moreover, results from this study suggest that the N requirement for maintenance for growing goats is greater than the established recommendations. 相似文献