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1.
三峡水库小江流域消落区植物多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解三峡水库运行初期消落区的植被状况,2009年5月、7月和9月对小江流域消落区高程150、160和170m处植物的种类组成、生物量和多样性等特征进行了调查与分析。结果表明,小江流域消落区维管束植物共有140种,隶属于38科113属,以草本植物或旱生植物为主。群落优势种主要有香附、苍耳、小白酒草、狗牙根等18种。生物量均值999.9g/m2,变幅140.7～2055.6g/m2;烘干重均值310.7g/m2,变幅为26.5～932.6g/m2。植物多样性Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数等均在5月最小,7月最大,9月略下降,在高程150m处最小,160m处最大,170m处次之。并对小江流域消落区植物的演替趋势、生态恢复、影响因素和利用前景进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
2.
2009年5月、7月和9月对小江流域上游至下游消落区的5个断面的土壤理化性状进行监测。结果表明,土壤容重、孔隙度、pH、有机质、全氮和全磷的总体平均值分别为1.47g/cm3、45%、7.33、16.42g/kg、0.79g/kg和0.59g/kg,变化范围分别为1.15～1.68g/cm3、37.0%～61.0%、4.04～8.72、6.64～35.69g/kg、0.40～1.42g/kg和0.36～0.94g/kg。高程150m处的土壤容重均值在7月下降、9月增加,160m处的土壤容重均值在7月增加较多,9月变化不大;不同高程处的孔隙度均值变化与土壤容重变化呈相反的变化趋势;高程160m处土壤有机质在7月有所下降,9月变化不大;各高程土壤全氮和全磷总体呈7月升高、9月下降趋势。并对消落区土壤理化性状变化的影响因素进行了初步分析。 相似文献
3.
三峡水库小江流域消落区土壤的理化性状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年5月、7月和9月对小江流域上游至下游消落区的5个断面的土壤理化性状进行监测。结果表明,土壤容重、孔隙度、pH、有机质、全氮和全磷的总体平均值分别为1.47g/cm3、45%、7.33、16.42g/kg、0.79g/kg和0.59g/kg,变化范围分别为1.15～1.68g/cm3、37.0%～61.0%、4.04～8.72、6.64～35.69g/kg、0.40～1.42g/kg和0.36～0.94g/kg。高程150m处的土壤容重均值在7月下降、9月增加,160m处的土壤容重均值在7月增加较多,9月变化不大;不同高程处的孔隙度均值变化与土壤容重变化呈相反的变化趋势;高程160m处土壤有机质在7月有所下降,9月变化不大;各高程土壤全氮和全磷总体呈7月升高、9月下降趋势。并对消落区土壤理化性状变化的影响因素进行了初步分析。 相似文献
4.
三峡水库小江流域消落区土壤重金属时空分布与来源分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2010年3-9月对小江流域消落区5个断面的土壤重金属含量进行监测.结果表明,2010年小江流域消落区土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Fe和Mn均值分别为28.90、72.73、23.58、20.70、35.58×103和517.14 mg/kg.土壤综合污染指数为0.99,污染等级处于警戒级.小江消落区土壤重金属含量沿程分布以高阳站点较低,黄石站点较高,且大部分重金属含量随高程升高总体呈现升高的趋势.时间分布上以3月和7月各重金属均值含量较高.与2009年相比,2010年消落区土壤重金属Fe、Mn和Zn含量有所降低,Cu和Pb含量有所增高.利用相关性分析和因子分析对5种重金属的相关性和来源进行解析,结果表明Fe、Mn与其他重金属相关性显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而Cu和Pb也显著相关(P＜0.01),Cr与Fe、Mn之外的重金属的相关性都较弱,初步推断Fe、Mn和Zn属于“自然因子”类别元素,Cu和Pb属于“污染因子”类别元素. 相似文献
5.
为揭示三峡水库消落区出露期间植物群落结构特征的季节性变化规律,于2017年4、6和98月,设置了15个调查样地,并根据高程将消落区分为145~155 m、156~165 m和166~175 m等3个区域,并设置未水淹区域（高程176~-185 m）为对照。结果表明,消落区出露时间显著影响着植物群落的组成,随着出露时间的延长,消落区植物群落优势种及其优势度变化规律因植物的生活型不同呈现出相反的变化规律。从4月至8月,优势植物狗牙根、牛鞭草、喜旱莲子草等多年生草本植物优势度下降,鬼针草、苍耳、醴肠、水蓼、野胡萝卜、狗尾草等一年生草本植物优势度增加。而未水淹区植物优势种及其优势度变化规律不会因生活型不同而表现出不同的规律,不同地点的植物群落优势种差异较大,相对来说艾蒿较为优势,其次为小飞蓬。高程也是影响植物群落特征的主要因子,消落区植物群落Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数、Simpson指数、植物高度均值显著低于未水淹区域,随着高程的增加,Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数、Simpson指数生物多样性指数及、植物高度均值呈增加趋势。三峡水库消落区之所以呈现出目前的植物群落分布特征,植物内在的适应机制包括植物本身的冬季耐水淹能力、夏季抗旱能力、抗病虫害能力以及植物的及其繁殖对策、种源扩散对策等是主因,而外界环境条件,包括消落区土层厚度、地形坡度、土壤基质氮磷等营养盐,以及受水淹持续时间、水淹深度、高程、消落区出露时间等是其主要驱动因子。 相似文献
6.
2010年3-9月对小江流域消落区的5个断面的土壤重金属含量进行监测。结果表明,2010年小江流域消落区土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Fe、Mn均值分别为28.90、72.73、23.58、20.70、35.58*103、517.14 mg/kg。土壤综合污染指数为0.73,污染等级处于警戒级。小江消落区土壤重金属含量沿程分布以高阳站点较低,黄石站点较高,且大部分重金属含量随高程升高总体呈现升高的趋势。时间分布上以3、7月各重金属均值含量较高。与2009年相比,2010年消落区土壤重金属Fe、Mn 、Zn含量有所降低,Cu、Pb含量有所增高。利用相关性分析和因子分析对5种重金属的相关性和来源进行解析的结果表明,Fe、Mn与其他重金属相关性显著（P<0.05或P<0.01）,而Cu、Pb之间也显著相关（P<0.01）,Cr与Fe、Mn之外的重金属的相关性都较弱,初步推断Fe, Mn, Zn属于“自然因子”类别元素,Cu、Pb属于“污染因子”类别元素。 相似文献
7.
水文节律是河岸带植物群落演替的主要驱动因子,受水文节律影响的土壤理化特性也有可能逐渐改变周边植被,为了探究周期性淹没对三峡水库消落带植物群落及其生境状况的影响,2015年8-9月,以三峡水库腹地万州段消落带为研究区域,调查分析了8个样地、24个样带、96个样方的消落带植被及土壤理化特征。结果表明,在三峡库区万州段消落带共调查到维管植物22科、47属、51种,其中禾本科、菊科、蓼科和莎草科的种类数较多;植物群落组成以草本植物为主,一年生和多年生草本植物分别占58.8%和27.5%。高程不同,群落优势种有差异,145~155 m及156~165 m区域优势度较高的物种相近,为狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、光头稗(Echinochloa crusgalli var.mitis)和醴肠(Eclipta prostrata);高程166~175 m区域优势度较高的物种为鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)和狗尾草(Setaria viridis)和狗牙根;高程156~166 m区域植物鲜重均值最高,为(2199.1±863.9)g/m2;高程166~175 m区域Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的均值最高,分别为(2.00±0.30)和(0.85±0.06)。随着坡度等级增加,植物鲜重和盖度呈递减趋势,物种数在坡度6~15°区域最高。长江左岸消落带植物鲜重、高度、Shannon-Wiener和Pielou指数高于右岸。消落带土壤理化性质具有较高的空间异质性,土壤容重、p H、有机质、全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷均值分别为(1.34±0.09)g/cm3、(7.60±0.47)、(6.02±2.94)g/kg、(1.21±0.16)g/kg、(53.42±9.67)mg/kg、(0.42±0.14)g/kg、(6.55±2.82)mg/kg,其中有机质的变异系数最大,其次为有效磷和全磷。左岸消落带土壤p H、有机质、全氮和有效氮含量均值低于右岸,但左岸土壤全磷和有效磷含量高于右岸。淹没时间和土壤有效磷含量对消落带植物重要值影响较大。 相似文献
8.
2009年5月、7月和9月对小江流域消落区5个断面土壤重金属的监测结果表明,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Fe和Mn浓度均值分别为28.41、90.54、16.94、1.46、5.053×104和554.04mg/kg。随海拔高程升高,各重金属浓度均值在高程160m处最小、170m处增加;流域沿程在养鹿段减少,高阳和黄石段增加,在双江段又减少;随时间变化,7月增加、9月减少。Zn和Cu、Fe呈极显著正相关性,Pb和Cd、Fe,Cu和Fe、Pb呈较显著正相关性;pH和Mn呈正相关,与其他5种重金属呈负相关,与Fe 相似文献
9.
2006年7月至2008年8月对象山港水域大型底栖动物进行了四季采样分析,采样站位包括13个大面站位和10个电厂站位。共鉴定出大型底栖动物123种,其中软体动物48种,甲壳类33种,鱼类和环节动物多毛类各12种。2个调查周年,本区大面站位年均栖息密度分别为145.54个/m2和109.36个/m2,年均生物量分别为28.22g/m2和30.02g/m2。在电厂站位中,国华电厂年均栖息密度分别为49.58个/m2和46.65个/m2,年均生物量分别为14.49g/m2、15.99g/m2。乌沙山电厂年均栖息密度分别为45.83个/m2、45.21个/m2,年均生物量分别为14.60g/m2、13.81g/m2。研究表明,象山港大型底栖动物分布不均匀,支港流域年均密度、生物量明显高于主港流域;电厂区域的大型底栖动物密度和生物量均低于全港的平均值。在季节周期变化上,电厂站位的变化差异低于大面站位。 相似文献
10.
2006年11月至2007年7月在乌伦古湖设置28个采样点按季度对底栖动物采样。共采到大型底栖动物83种,其中寡毛类14种,水生昆虫58种,软体动物7种,其他类4种。年均密度为1048ind/m2,变幅为70～2480ind/m2;年均生物量为10.76g/m2,变幅为0.48～52.53g/m2。根据底栖动物的观测数据,利用Shannon-wie-ner多样性生物指数(H′)、Goodnight修正指数(GBI)、Margalef丰富度指数(d)、Chandler′s生物记分制(CS)和综合生物污染指数(BI)对乌伦古湖水体环境质量的评价结果显示,乌伦古湖水质整体属于轻度污染。人类活动影响较大的区域如73公里小海子、骆驼脖子、海滨浴场和吉力湖等处样点水质相对较差,处于中污染水平;投放牛羊粪养殖鱼种的吉力湖后泡子则为重度污染水平。利用底栖动物对乌伦古湖水质的生物学评价结果与理化指标评价结果基本一致。 相似文献
11.
根据2009年11月份大潮、小潮时期对奉贤附近海域进行的浮游生物生态调查资料,对大、小潮时期浮游动物的种类组成、密度与生物量分布、生物多样性及优势种的生态特征进行了比较分析。结果表明,大潮时浮游动物密度比小潮大,而浮游动物的种类数、生物量、生物多样性比小潮时低,大潮时优势种真刺唇角水蚤（Labidocera euchaeta）和火腿许水蚤（Schmackeria poplesia）的优势度（Y≥0．02）及其所占的数量比例高于小潮,优势种虫肢歪水蚤（Tortanus vermiculus）的优势度及其所占数量比例明显低于小潮。海洋浮游动物对潮汐变化的生态响应强烈。 相似文献
12.
Leptin plays an important role in energy homeostasis and reproductive function in mammals, while its function in fish is still poorly understood, especially its role in reproduction. In the present study, leptin gene expression and circulating leptin plasma levels were measured during sexual maturation in male Atlantic salmon parr. In maturing male salmon, higher hepatic leptin (lepa1) gene expression levels were observed during mid-spermatogenesis compared to immature fish. An upregulation of leptin during sexual maturation has also been observed in a few other teleost species. The physiological significance of elevated leptin levels during the maturational process in teleosts remains to be explored. 相似文献
13.
E. M. Olsen H. Knutsen J. H. Simonsen B. Jonsson J. A. Knutsen 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(4):446-452
Abstract – Sea trout ( Salmo trutta ) originating from small coastal streams can be found at sea throughout the year, in contrast to conspecifics from larger rivers, which typically spend the autumn and winter in fresh water. Such an extended marine stay has been observed in coastal Skagerrak. We studied the seasonal variation in marine growth of Skagerrak sea trout based on scale increment patterns and body lengths of 563 individuals captured at sea. Growth, measured as increased body length, was rapid during summer while there was no evidence for continued growth during autumn and winter. Growth decreased with increasing age of the fish. Our results suggest that coastal Skagerrak is an important feeding area for sea trout during summer, and that an extended marine stay during autumn and winter may have trade-off benefits other than somatic growth. Alternative benefits might be increased winter survival and decreased migratory costs of juvenile fish. 相似文献
14.
Jeong-Chae Park Masaaki Oyama Jeong-Hoon Lee Keita Kodama Yasuhiko Ohta Atsuko Yamaguchi Hiroaki Shiraishi Toshihiro Horiguchi 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):193-201
Reproductive traits are among the primary determinants of population dynamics, and their changes could affect stock size. We investigated differences in reproductive traits of the starspotted smooth-hound Mustelus manazo in Tokyo Bay between the 1990s (a low-stock period) and the 2000s (a high-stock period). Peak timings of mating (May–July), ovulation (May–June), and parturition (May–June) were similar between the two periods. However, the size at first maturity in the 2000s was smaller than that in the 1990s for both sexes. In addition, embryo-related parameters differed greatly between the two periods. Slopes of size–fecundity regression in the 2000s decreased to 43–73 % of the 1990–1996 values, suggesting a substantial decline in fecundity during the 2000s. Frequency distribution of the maximum ovum diameter during the ovulation season showed two distinct two modes in 1990s while it showed a substantial dispersion during the 2000s, implying that changes occurred in the developmental pattern of ova in the ovary. Undeveloped eggs were present in the uteri with low frequency from September to May during the 2000s, but they were totally absent from September through May in the 1990s. The increased number of remnant undeveloped eggs that did not become embryos may explain the fecundity decline during the 2000s. 相似文献
15.
黄颡鱼胚胎发育早期脂肪酸变化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用生物化学方法测定了黄颡鱼成熟卵及早期胚胎的脂肪酸组成.试验结果表明,在成熟卵和早期胚胎中占主要比例的脂肪酸为:软脂酸(C_(16∶0))、硬脂酸(C_(18∶0))、棕榈油酸(C_(16∶1n-7))、油酸(C_(18∶1n-9))、亚油酸(C_(18∶2n-6)),此外,成熟卵中还含有较高比例的亚麻酸(C_(18∶3n-3)).胚胎对不同脂肪酸的利用因胚胎发育时期的不同而有差异,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)在囊胚期、原肠期和器官形成期占有较高的比例;单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)在卵裂期和囊胚期所占比例升高较快;饱和脂肪酸(SFA)是胚胎发育过程中能量的主要提供者,在原肠期、神经胚期和器官形成期存在着活跃的代谢,为这些时期的发育提供能量.与成熟卵相比,黄颡鱼的受精卵在脂肪酸组成上显示了不同.PUFA比例明显减少,而SFA的比例迅速增加,表明在卵粒受精后,胚胎内开始了活跃的代谢过程. 相似文献
16.
RICHARD D. BRODEUR ELIZABETH A. DALY ROBERT A. SCHABETSBERGER KATHRYN L. MIER 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(5):395-408
The feeding habits of juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, in the northern California Current were examined using samples from two different time periods (1980–85 and 1998–2003) of highly contrasting oceanographic conditions. The goal was to test the influence of interannual and interdecadal changes in taxonomic composition of prey, feeding intensity, and size spectra of teleost prey. Analyses were done for samples taken both early in the summer (June) shortly after the salmon enter the ocean, and also in late summer (September) following some ocean residency. Fish prey dominated coho salmon diets by weight during most years, but this trend was more pronounced during the 1980–85 sampling period. In terms of numerical composition, the diets were more variable on an interannual basis, but decapod larvae and euphausiids were important prey in most years. Pteropods and copepods were important prey during weak upwelling or El Niño years, whereas euphausiids were important during strong upwelling or otherwise highly productive years. Hyperiid amphipods comprised a substantial proportion of the diets only in 2000. Coho salmon showed highly significant differences in prey composition among years or between decades both in weight and numerical composition. The percentage of empty stomachs was highly variable by year in both June and September, but was significantly different only for September between decades. In contrast, an index of feeding intensity did not show many significant changes in either comparison. However, the relative size ratios for fish prey consumed were highly variable by year, and larger than average fish prey were consumed during 1998, leading to the highest feeding intensity observed. 相似文献
17.
Isabelle Vahirua‐Lechat Frédéric Laure Jean René LeCoz Jean Pierre Bianchini Mereani Bellais Gilles Le Moullac 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(16):1739-1746
The fatty acid and sterol composition of the oyster Pinctada margaritifera during oogenesis and in eggs was analysed. No major differences were observed during oogenesis, but the egg composition was significantly different from that of gonads. The amount of saturated fatty acids was the highest in eggs and the C16:0 predominant (P<5%); by contrast, the amount of 22:6(n‐3) was significantly lower (P<5%) than in gonads. No major differences were observed for the polar lipid (PL) composition during oogenesis. The main free sterols in gonads and eggs were cholesterol and brassicasterol. Among free sterols, the proportion of cholesterol diminished continuously from the beginning to the end of gonad maturation, and this decrease persisted in eggs after spawning. Cholesterol represented 40% to 55% of the sterol ester encountered in gonad and eggs. This study allowed us to investigate the fatty acid and sterol composition during oogenesis of the pearl oyster P. margaritifera, leading to a clearer understanding of the nutritional requirements of pearl oyster during the reproduction process. 相似文献
18.
Water budgets were calculated for embankment fish ponds located in the dry tropics. Two 5-month studies were conducted at Comayagua, Honduras. Daily pond evaporation averaged 0·55 ± 0·22 and 0·64 ± 0·17 cm during studies 1 and 2, respectively. Pond evaporation was 14·5% greater during study 2. Significantly greater pond evaporation was measured during the 3 driest months compared to the 3 rainiest months. Mean daily seepage ranged from 0·11 to 0·43 cm and from 0·06 to 0·60 cm during studies 1 and 2, respectively. Total rainfall during study 1 exceeded that during study 2 by 43%. Regulated inflow water was required every month to replace water losses to pond evaporation and seepage. Pond evaporation accounted for 70% of total water loss during both studies, while seepage accounted for the remaining water loss. Rain accounted for 45·5 and 21·8% of gains during studies 1 and 2, respectively. Regulated inflow water accounted for 52·8 and 77·9% of the respective gains. 相似文献
19.
Ismael Hachero Cruzado Elena Rodríguez Marcelino Herrera Antonio Lorenzo Eduardo Almansa 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(10):1568-1577
Brill (Scophthalmus rhombus L.) is a flatfish considered of special interest for aquaculture diversification, but the high mortality observed during the early larval rearing is the main obstacle to commercial culture. The objective of this study was to contribute to the knowledge of nutrient utilization of early‐hatched larvae, characterizing the changes in lipid and protein contents during embryogenesis and the yolk‐sac larval stage of S. rhombus. Total lipid, lipid classes and fatty acid contents remained constant during embryogenesis and yolk‐sac larval development, except for phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, which increased in quantity during the yolk‐sac larval stage. On the other hand, total protein (including non‐protein nitrogen) and amino acids decreased their contents in both periods, especially at hatching. The decrease only in the serine, glutamic acid, proline and lysine contents during embryogenesis suggests a selective use of amino acids during this phase. Unlike embryogenesis, amino acids loss during hatching appears to be non‐selective, and almost all amino acids (essential and non‐essential) decreased. Our results suggest that there is higher catabolism of protein vs. lipid during embryogenesis and the yolk‐sac larval stage of S. rhombus. 相似文献
20.
Lance E. Morgan Stephen R. Wing Louis W. Botsford Carolyn J. Lundquist & Jennifer M. Diehl 《Fisheries Oceanography》2000,9(1):83-98
To better understand the spatial distribution of recruitment in the northern California red sea urchin ( Strongylocentrotus franciscanus ) population, we sampled size distributions at each of 12 locations in 1995 and 1996, two of those locations in 1994, and 5 of those locations in 1997. An index of recent recruitment in these size distributions and an estimate of density of recent recruitment reflect a similar spatial pattern of recruitment. This pattern appears to be determined by the effect of coastal circulation on larval delivery during relaxation of upwelling, and not the result of the positive effect of the adult spine canopy on juvenile survival. Recent recruitment of red sea urchins in northern California is higher in areas more frequently subjected to onshore and poleward flow during relaxation of upwelling. These results are consistent with a mechanism by which alongshore spatial variability in southward, offshore flow during upwelling winds allows larvae to maintain latitudinal position, whereas flows during event-scale relaxations in upwelling winds serve to distribute settling larvae alongshore, favouring areas north of promontories. The consequent spatial pattern of red sea urchin settlement varies from year to year, and there are not yet sufficient data to demonstrate the degree to which this spatial pattern in recruitment determines a spatial pattern in fishable adult abundance. 相似文献