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1.
为了检测阿托品在猪肉、羊肉中残留量,本研究通过实验条件的建立与优化,建立了其高效液相色谱分析方法。猪肉、羊肉中的阿托品经乙腈提取两次,用正己烷除脂两次,再经HLB柱净化后,用高效液相色谱仪分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:阿托品在0.5～20.0μg/mL的系列浓度范围内均呈良好线性关系,相关系数r均大于0.999。样品中阿托品的检测限为0.25 mg/kg,定量限为0.5 mg/kg。在0.5～5 mg/kg添加浓度范围内,阿托品的回收率均为80～110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。该方法具有简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性准确等特点。  相似文献   

2.
建立了中兽药散剂中非法添加10种磺胺类药物测定的高效液相色谱方法。液相色谱条件为:色谱柱C_(18)柱150 mm×4.6 mm(i.d.),5μm;流动相:乙腈-甲醇-2%乙酸溶液(15+5+80);流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:30℃;检测波长:270 nm;进样量10μL。结果表明,10种磺胺类药物在50~800 ng/mL浓度范围内呈现良好线性关系,相关系数R~2均大于0.995,方法检测限为5μg/g,从5、10和20 mg/g 3个添加浓度检测结果可以看出,方法平均回收率为85.4%~106.8%(n=6),批内批间RSD均小于10%。  相似文献   

3.
建立扶正解毒散、荆防解毒散、黄连解毒散、麻黄鱼腥草散、清瘟败毒散等中兽药散剂中违规添加吗啉胍的检测方法。样品经超纯水溶解、超声10 min,静置、过滤,取滤液进行高效液相色谱定量分析。结果发现吗啉胍在1.0~50.0μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2=1.000);添加回收率为75.2%~115.3%,检测限为10 mg/kg,定量限为20 mg/kg。该方法操作简便,阴性样品无干扰,可用于上述5种中兽药散剂中非法添加吗啉胍的定量测定。  相似文献   

4.
为了建立高效液相色谱法检测白龙散、三子散、四味穿心莲散中非法添加土霉素的检测方法,实验采用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱(4.6mm×150mm,5μm),以磷酸盐缓冲液∶乙腈(84∶16)为流动相,检测波长353nm,流速1.5 mL/min,进样量10μL,柱温为室温。结果表明土霉素在0.5～1000μg/mL范围内线性关系良好;检测限分别为白龙散0.3μg/mL,三子散1μg/mL,四味穿心莲散0.2μg/mL;回收率在98.3%～100.2%之间,RSD为0.16%～0.73%。本方法准确、可靠,可用于中药散剂中非法添加土霉素的含量检测。  相似文献   

5.
应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了兽用中药制剂清瘟败毒散中非法添加金刚烷胺的检测方法。样品经提取液提取后,稀释。采用0.2%甲酸水溶液与甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经BEH C18色谱柱分离,通过多反应监测模式进行测定。金刚烷胺在0.05～25 ng/mL的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.999;平均回收率为86.9%～95.2%,批内、批间相对标准偏差均小于3.8%,检测限为0.025 mg/g,定量限为0.1 mg/g。该法准确、简单、快速,可用于清瘟败毒散中非法添加金刚烷胺的检测。  相似文献   

6.
建立了清肺止咳散中非法添加阿奇霉素HPLC-MS/ MS检测方法。样品经乙腈提取稀释后, Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱为分离柱,质谱正离子扫描分析测定。结果显示,在5～250 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9993)；本方法检出限为25 mg/kg,定量限为50 mg/kg。在50、100、200、500 mg/kg添加水平的回收率为89.1%～98.6%,批内变异系数小于1.56%,批间变异系数小于4.14%。本方法灵敏、快速、重现性好,适用于清肺止咳散中非法添加阿奇霉素含量的检测定。  相似文献   

7.
采用十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂,以0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液-甲醇（73∶27,V/V）为流动相,建立了测定12种兽药中非法添加甲氧苄啶的HPLC-PDA法,并采用峰纯度检查和光谱相似度检查辅助对照品比对方法,对非法添加药物进行确证。在此液相条件下,对7种兽药粉散剂和5种注射液药物,进行添加回收试验和检测限的测定。结果显示,甲氧苄啶在粉剂中三个浓度（1%、5%、10%）添加回收率为74.6%～115.0%,RSD为0.1%～7.6%,在注射液中三个浓度（0.5%、1%、2%）的添加回收率为87.0%～119.7%,RSD为0.9%～4.1%。甲氧苄啶在各制剂中的检测限为0.5 mg/g(0.25 mg/mL)。改变试验条件后对峰纯度指示、光谱相似度进行考察,仍能满足要求。  相似文献   

8.
建立了扶正解毒散中非法添加喹乙醇、乙酰甲喹检测的UPLC-MS/MS方法。样品经60%乙腈提取稀释后,采用ACQUITYUPLCRBEHC18色谱柱为分离柱,质谱正离子扫描分析测定。结果显示,喹乙醇、乙酰甲喹在5~200ng/mL的范围内线性关系良好(R2=0.9984,R2=0.9995);样品检出限为25μg/mL,定量限为50μg/mL。在80、100、120μg/mL添加水平的回收率为90%~103%,批内批间变异系数均小于10%。本方法灵敏、快速、重现性好,适用于扶正解毒散中非法添加喹乙醇、乙酰甲喹的检测。  相似文献   

9.
应用高效液相色谱技术，建立了育肥猪配合饲料中孟布酮的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取后，通过WAX固相萃取柱净化；采用0.5%磷酸乙腈溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，经C18色谱柱分离，通过二极管阵列检测器进行测定。在0.2～10μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好，相关系数大于0.999。在0.2,0.4,2 mg/kg添加水平下，平均回收率为78.1%～90.6%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。检测限为0.06 mg/kg,定量限为0.2 mg/kg,该法准确、简单、快速。  相似文献   

10.
建立了17种兽药中非法添加多西环素的HPLC-PDA法。采用十八烷基键合硅胶为填充剂,以醋酸盐缓冲液-乙腈(80:20)为流动相,二极管阵列检测器进行全波长(200~400 inia)扫描,检测波长为280 nm,并通过液相色谱保留时间、紫外光谱信息和峰纯度检查,对非法添加物质进行定性鉴别和定量测定。结果表明,该色谱条件下,多西环素与其他物质峰分离良好。多西环素在5~500μg/mL浓度范围内线性良好,回收率在86.5%~118.1%之间,RSD为0.2%~4.5%,检测限为0.5 mg/g。本方法准确、可靠、重现性好,可用于兽药制剂中多西环素的定性和定量检测。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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