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1.
研究了鲟鱼肌肉中磺胺二甲嘧啶及其主要代谢物N4 乙酰化磺胺二甲嘧啶的高效液相色谱测定法。样品用乙腈提取,正己烷脱脂,碱性氧化铝SPE柱净化,高效液相色谱 Inertsil ODS 3(4 6 mm×250 mm, 粒径 5μm),流动相:水 乙腈 乙酸(76∶24∶0 05, V/V/V)测定。在 20、100、2 000μg/kg 的添加浓度,测得 SM2、N4 ACE SM2 的平均回收率范围分别为80 4%~85.3%、88.4%~96.0%;2种药物的检测限均为10μg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪牛组织中甲基盐霉素残留量。猪、牛组织中残留的甲基盐霉素,经乙腈溶液提取,硅胶固相萃取柱净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定,外标法定量。甲基盐霉素在5 ng/mL～250 ng/mL的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,甲基盐霉素在猪、牛肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪中的检测限均为2.5μg/kg,定量限均为5.0μg/kg,猪牛肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脂肪中5.0 ng/g～100 ng/g添加浓度范围内的回收率均值为71.9%～88.4%,批内批间RSD值均<15%。  相似文献   

3.
为了建立一种可靠、灵敏的检测猪可食性组织中加米霉素残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法,本试验将猪组织(肌肉、肝脏、脂肪和肾脏)经绞碎、均质后,用乙腈提取,乙腈饱和正己烷去脂,固相萃取柱净化,Kinetex C18色谱柱梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子下以多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。结果显示,该方法的检测限和定量限分别为3μg/kg和5μg/kg;加米霉素在5～1 000μg/kg浓度范围内,峰面积与浓度的线性关系良好;猪肌肉、肝脏和脂肪在5、50、100μg/kg和200μg/kg四个添加浓度的平均回收率为70.20%～90.75%,批间变异系数≤11.94%;猪肾脏在5、150、300μg/kg和600μg/kg四个添加浓度的平均回收率为66.69%～87.46%,批间变异系数≤9.95%。结果表明该方法灵敏、准确,可满足兽药残留检测的要求。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在建立鸡皮脂和肾脏组织中替米考星残留量的HPLC测定方法。皮脂和肾脏组织中残留的替米考星用乙腈提取、MCX固相萃取柱净化,采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法测定。皮脂组织和肾脏组织中替米考星检测限分别为20μg/kg和30μg/kg,定量限分别为35μg/kg和50μg/kg。空白皮脂组织添加替米考星在35～150μg/kg浓度水平,回收率在75%～98%之间,批内与批间变异系数均小于10%;空白肾脏组织添加替米考星在50～500μg/kg浓度水平,回收率在71%～97%之间,批内变异系数小于11%,批间变异系数小于10%。本试验建立的方法快速、准确、灵敏,适用于鸡皮脂和肾脏组织中替米考星残留量的检测。  相似文献   

5.
建立了鸡组织中泰乐菌素残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测方法,样品用甲醇(含2%氨水)提取,经C18固相萃取柱净化,洗脱液氮气吹干,残渣用甲醇:乙腈(20∶80,V/V)复溶,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测,基质添加标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明泰乐菌素在5~1000μg/kg的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系。在鸡组织中中泰乐菌素的检测限为4μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg。在10~200μg/kg添加浓度范围内,泰乐菌素在鸡组织中的回收率均在85.9%~110.4%之间,批内批间变异系数在1.2%~4.0%之间。该方法各项技术指标均能满足残留检测要求,且方法的重现性良好,满足国内外兽药残留相关法规规定。  相似文献   

6.
建立了猪、牛、羊的肌肉、脂肪、肝脏和肾脏四种组织中嗯喹酸、氟甲喹残留量检测的高效液相色谱法。试样经磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取,C18固相萃取柱浓缩净化,用高效液相色谱分析,荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。动物组织中嗯喹酸和氟甲喹的检测限为10μg/kg,定量限为20μg/kg。嗯喹酸、氟甲喹在3~500 ng/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系。在20~300μg/kg的浓度添加水平上,其平均回收率为63%~100%,批内、批间的相对标准偏差均小于15%。  相似文献   

7.
恩诺沙星在猪组织中残留消除规律研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  
在常规饲养条件下,对健康猪按2.5 mg/kg体重的剂量肌肉注射2.5%恩诺沙星注射液,每日2次,连续注射3 d.停药后第2、4、6、8、10、12、14天分别屠宰4头猪.分别采取每头猪的肌肉(注射部位)、脂肪(腹脂)、肝和肾脏等4种组织,用高效液相色谱法进行残留量测定.结果表明:残留在肌肉、脂肪组织中的药物消除较快,第8天总残留量(恩诺沙星 环丙沙星)已下降至检测限(20μg/kg)以下;肝和肾脏组织中的药物消除缓慢,第14天测得猪肾中药物总残留量为40μg/kg.  相似文献   

8.
本研究建立了鸡肉组织中氯丙嗪残留检测的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)定量确证方法。建立的方法所用样品用酸化乙腈和乙腈饱和正己烷提取后,采用C18柱色谱分离,正离子扫描模式,分别以乙腈和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)、乙腈和水为流动相,梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离,多反应监测模式检测,内标法定量。该方法检测限为0.008μg/kg,定量限为0.025μg/kg,在0.025~2.5μg/kg的添加范围内,回收率为71.5%~86.7%,日内、日间变异系数均小于7.6%。  相似文献   

9.
建立了Qu ECh ERS前处理结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时检测猪组织中赛庚啶和可乐定残留量的方法。猪肉样品添加0.5 g C18粉,猪肝和猪肾样品添加3.0 g硫酸镁和2.0 g氯化钠,再分别加入10 m L 0.1%甲酸乙腈进行提取,提取液经浓缩后采用LC-MS/MS进行检测,内标法定量。该方法线性关系良好,猪肉、猪肝和猪肾中赛庚啶和可乐定在1~50μg/kg浓度范围内加标回收率分别为62%~112%和106%~121%,相对标准偏差均10%,方法检出限为0.5μg/kg。方法灵敏度高,选择性好,可作为猪组织中赛庚啶和可乐定残留量检测的确证方法。  相似文献   

10.
对猪组织中泰拉霉素及其代谢物残留量的测定方法进行了研究,基于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱建立了猪肉、肝脏、肾脏中泰拉霉素及其代谢物残留量的测定方法。试样经乙腈-0.1%甲酸水(7+3)提取,MCX柱净化,氮吹后用乙腈-0.1%甲酸水(1+9)复溶,正离子扫描,多反应监测模式下上机分析,基质外标法定量。结果表明,泰拉霉素及其代谢物在5~500μg/kg的浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数(R2)均>0.99;该方法的检出限为5μg/kg(猪肉:2μg/kg),定量限为10μg/kg;在不同浓度添加水平下,平均回收率为72.6%~105.8%,日内相对标准偏差为0.5%~12.1%,日间相对标准偏差为2.9%~8.1%。该方法简便、快速、灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于猪组织中泰拉霉素及其代谢物残留量的测定。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

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