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1.
为评估饲料中不同蛋氨酸含量对凡纳滨对虾幼虾生长性能、营养成分、血液指标、氨基酸代谢酶活力以及抗氧化能力的影响,进而确定凡纳滨对虾幼虾的蛋氨酸需要量,试验设计6种等氮等脂的试验饲料(含粗蛋白质41.0%,粗脂肪7.5%),饲料中蛋氨酸的添加水平分别为0、0.15%、0.30%、0.45%、0.60%和0.75%,实测蛋氨酸含量分别为0.59%、0.69%、0.86%、0.99%、1.10%和1.25%。试验选取初始体重为0.34 g左右的凡纳滨对虾幼虾720尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾,进行为期8周的养殖试验。结果表明:随着饲料中蛋氨酸含量的增加,凡纳滨对虾幼虾的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率以及蛋白质效率先升高后降低,均在0.86%组达到最高,并显著高于1.25%组(P<0.05)。凡纳滨对虾幼虾的成活率、蛋白质沉积率不受饲料中蛋氨酸含量的影响(P>0.05)。各组间全虾营养成分以及肌肉水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分含量无显著差异(P>0.05),但肌肉粗脂肪含量表现为0.86%和0.99%组显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),并与特定生长率呈正相关关系。0.86%组血清中总蛋白含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而血清中尿素氮、总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量不受饲料中蛋氨酸含量的显著影响(P>0.05)。饲料中蛋氨酸含量对血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力产生了显著影响(P<0.05),而对精氨酸酶活力未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。以特定生长率为指标,通过二次回归模型得出凡纳滨对虾幼虾的蛋氨酸需要量为0.89%(占饲料蛋白质的2.16%)。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在探究饲料中粗脂肪水平对2种规格凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、饲料利用和非特异性免疫指标的影响.试验配制了粗脂肪水平分别为4.02％、5.98％、7.86％、10.13％、11.29％和13.99％的6组试验饲料,分别投喂初始体质量为(0.58±0.01)(幼虾组)和(7.93±0.03)g(大规格组)的凡纳滨对虾,养殖周期分别为8(试验一)和6周(试验二).结果表明:试验一,饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响幼虾组的增重率(WG)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR) (P＜0.05),摄食饲料粗脂肪水平5.98％的幼虾组WG、SGR、PER有最大值,FCR有最小值;饲料粗脂肪水平对幼虾组成活率(SR),全虾干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量及肌肉干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量无显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著影响了幼虾组的肝体比(HSI)、肥满度(CF)和肌肉粗灰分含量(P＜0.05);饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响了幼虾组的血清总蛋白(TP)、总胆固醇(TC)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酚氧化酶(PO)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性(P＜0.05),但对血清甘油三酯(TG)含量无显著影响(P＞0.05).试验二,饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响大规格组对虾的WG、SGR、PER和FCR(P＜0.05),摄食饲料粗脂肪水平5.98％的大规格组WG、SGR、PER有最大值,FCR有最小值;饲料粗脂肪水平对大规格组的SR、CF、HSI,全虾粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量及肌肉干物质、粗灰分含量无显著影响(P＞0.05),但显著影响全虾干物质含量及肌肉粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量(P＜0.05);饲料粗脂肪水平显著影响对虾血清SOD、PO、AST及ALT活性(P＜0.05).综上并结合SGR与饲料粗脂肪水平拟合折线模型后得出,凡纳滨对虾幼虾阶段和大规格阶段粗脂肪的适宜需要量分别为4.83％ ～5.98％和5.57％ ～ 7.86％.  相似文献   

3.
本文旨在研究低盐度下饲料蛋白质和维生素B6水平对凡纳滨对虾生长、成活和肌肉中转氨酶活力的影响.根据凡纳滨对虾的营养需求,以不含维生素的酪蛋白为蛋白质源,配制成蛋白质水平为25.5%和40.8%的2种等能基础饲料,在基础饲料中分别添加0和200 mg/kg的维生素B6配制成4种试验饲料.试验选用480尾平均体重为(0.014 4±0.004 7)g的凡纳滨对虾,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾.试验期间盐度为3‰,试验期30 d.结果表明,饲料中添加200 mg/kg的维生素B6可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾的增重率、成活率、肥满度及谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力(P<0.05);虽然25.5%和40.8%的饲料蛋白质水平对凡纳滨对虾增重率、肥满度及谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活力均无显著影响(P>0.05),但40.8%蛋白质组对虾的成活率显著高于25.5%蛋白质组(P<0.05).双因素方差分析结果显示,饲料中维生索B6和蛋白质对低盐度下凡纳滨对虾各项测定指标均无显著交互作用(P>0.05).结果提示,配制饲料时应同时满足凡纳滨对虾对蛋白质和维生素B6的营养需要量,期望只满足或提高其中的一种而节约另外一种营养素以获得凡纳滨对虾的最佳生长和成活率的方式是不可行的.  相似文献   

4.
凡纳滨对虾不同生长阶段的蛋白质需要量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本试验旨在探讨饲料蛋白质水平对幼虾阶段和养成阶段凡纳滨对虾生长性能、全虾和肌肉常规营养成分及血清生化指标的影响,以确定凡纳滨对虾幼虾阶段和养成阶段的蛋白质需要量.以鱼粉、小麦蛋白粉、酪蛋白和明胶为主要蛋白质源配制蛋白质水平分别为29.31％、33.19％、37.11％、41.45％、45.58％、49.03％的6种饲料.试验1(幼虾阶段养殖试验)和试验2(养成阶段养殖试验)分别选用720尾初始体重为(0.52±0.01)g和540尾初始体重为(7.93±0.03)g的凡纳滨对虾作为试验动物,均随机分为6组,每组3个重复(桶),试验1每桶放养40尾,试验2每桶放养30尾.试验1和试验2的养殖期分别为56和42 d.试验1结果表明:随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,对虾的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)均先显著上升(P＜0.05)而后趋于稳定(P＞0.05),而饲料系数(FCR)呈相反的变化趋势;饲料蛋白质水平为37.11％ ～49.03％时,蛋白质效率(PER)随饲料蛋白质水平的升高显著下降(P＜0.05);饲料蛋白质水平对对虾的成活率(SR)、肝体指数(HSI)未产生显著影响(P＞0.05);29.31％组对虾的肥满度(CF)显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).各组对虾全虾、肌肉干物质及全虾粗蛋白质含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05);37.11％组全虾粗脂肪含量显著高于45.58％和49.03％组(P＜0.05);29.31％和41.45％组全虾粗灰分含量显著高于33.19％和37.11％组(P＜0.05);肌肉粗蛋白质含量在41.45％组达到最高值,并显著高于29.31％和49.03％组(P＜0.05);29.31％组肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于除37.11％组外的其他各组(P＜0.05);33.19％组肌肉粗灰分含量显著高于37.11％、41.45％和49.03％组(P＜0.05).血清总蛋白(TP)含量及天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05);33.19％组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05);41.45％和49.03％组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于29.31％和33.19％组(P＜0.05);45.58％组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05);41.45％和45.58％组血清酚氧化酶(PO)活性显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05);血清丙氨酸转移酶(ALT)活性最低值出现在37.11％组,并显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05).试验2结果表明:随着饲料蛋白质水平的升高,对虾SR、WGR、SGR、FCR及HSI的变化趋势同试验1结果;对虾的PER随饲料蛋白质水平的升高持续下降,29.31％和33.19％组显著高于41.15％、45.58％和49.03％组(P＜0.05);各组对虾的CF无显著差异(P＞0.05).全虾干物质、粗脂肪、粗灰分以及肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量各组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05);29.31％组全虾粗蛋白质含量显著低于其他各组(P＜0.05);45.58％和49.03％组肌肉干物质含量显著高于29.31％和41.45％组(P＜0.05);45.58％和49.03％组肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著高于29.31％、33.19％和37.11％组(P＜0.05).45.58％组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于29.31％和33.19％组(P＜0.05);血清SOD活性在45.58％组达到最高值,并显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05);血清PO活性在37.11％组达到最低值,并显著低于29.31％、33.19％和49.03％组(P＜0.05);血清ALT活性各组间没有显著差异(P＞0.05);血清AST活性在37.11％组达到最高值,并显著高于29.31％、33.19％和45.58％组(P＜0.05).以SGR为评价指标,经折线模型拟合回归方程后得出,凡纳滨对虾幼虾阶段和养成阶段的蛋白质需要量分别为38.6％和36.8％.  相似文献   

5.
以初始体重(0.60±0.24)g的凡纳滨对虾幼虾为研究对象,通过10周的生长实验,研究不同品牌商品饲料(F1、F2、F3)对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能及虾体生化组成的影响。结果表明,摄食F1的凡纳滨对虾增重率和特定生长率显著高于F2和F3组(P0.05)。凡纳滨对虾全虾的粗蛋白以SF1组最高(41.42%±0.51%),粗脂肪以SF2组最高(0.59%±0.01%)。饲料F1和F3组的总氨基酸含量显著高于F2组(P0.05),但对凡纳滨对虾全虾的总氨基酸含量影响不显著(P0.05)。摄食F3组的凡纳滨对虾全虾EPA和DHA含量显著高于F1和F2组(P0.05)。从总体上可以看出,投喂F1能够获得较好的生长性能和营养价值。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究铬对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清生化指标及非特异性免疫酶活性的影响。试验配制7种等氮等能饲料,其铬(吡啶甲酸铬形式)添加水平分别为0、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0和5.0 mg/kg。选择初始体重为(0.310±0.001)g的凡纳滨对虾虾苗840尾,随机分配到21个0.38 m3的玻璃纤维钢桶中,每桶40尾虾,每3桶饲喂1种饲料。试验期为56 d。结果表明:以1.6 mg/kg组增重率和特定生长率最高,饲料系数最低,显著高于或低于0、0.4和5.0 mg/kg组(P<0.05),与1.2 mg/kg组差异不显著(P>0.05)。蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率均以2.0 mg/kg组最高,但与1.6 mg/kg组差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾全虾水分、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量有显著影响(P<0.05),但对全虾粗蛋白质含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。凡纳滨对虾血清总蛋白、葡萄糖和总胆固醇含量分别在铬添加水平为5.0 mg/kg、1.2～1.6 mg/kg、0.4 mg/kg时显著升高(P<0.05)。血清碱性磷酸酶、总超氧化物歧化酶、酚氧化物酶活性均以1.6 mg/kg组为最高,血清谷草转氨酶活性以1.2 mg/kg组为最高,血清谷丙转氨酶活性以2.0 mg/kg组为最高,并均显著高于0 mg/kg组(P<0.05)。饲料铬添加水平对凡纳滨对虾血清甘油三酯含量和酸性磷酸酶活性未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。综合考虑生长性能、血清生化指标以及非特异性免疫酶活性,对于0.31～8.50 g的凡纳滨对虾,在饲料中以吡啶甲酸铬形式添加1.2～1.6 mg/kg的铬为宜。  相似文献   

7.
通过试验饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、摄食情况、消化、代谢及免疫机能的影响研究,考察酵母硒在凡纳滨对虾饲料中的应用水平和应用效果,以节约养殖成本。试验选用(10±2)mm凡纳滨对虾幼虾进行为期56 d的试验。试验共设计豆粕替代水平分别为0、24%、48%、72%、96%的五组饲料,除对照组外每组饲料添加1%的酵母硒产品。结果显示:在添加酵母硒产品的对虾饲料中,不同豆粕替代水平对凡纳滨对虾的成活率、蛋白质效率、饲料系数、全虾水分、灰分、蛋白、脂肪,肌肉蛋白、脂肪、肝脏蛋白,肝胰腺中的淀粉酶、谷草转氨酶、总抗氧化能力、血淋巴中的甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平各组间没有显著差异(P0.05),但增重率、特定生长率,肝胰腺的谷丙转氨酶活性、脂肪含量及脂肪酶、溶菌酶、碱性磷酸酶活性各组间存在差异;原料、饲料和生产成本均随着豆粕替代比例的提高逐渐降低。试验结果表明,适量添加酵母硒产品可以提高豆粕替代鱼粉的水平。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究低鱼粉饲料中添加有机酸(盐)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能、消化酶活性和营养物质表观消化率的影响。选1 080尾初重(4.60±0.05) g的凡纳滨对虾,随机分为9组,每组4个重复,每个重复30尾虾。正对照组(PC组)组饲喂鱼粉含量为18%的基础饲料,2个负对照组分别饲喂以肉骨粉(M BM组)和豆粕(SM组)替代1/3鱼粉的试验饲料,试验组分别饲喂在2个负对照组试验饲料中添加0.2%柠檬酸(MBM-CA、SM-CA组)、苹果酸(MBM-MA、SM-MA组)和丁酸钠(MBM-SB、SM-SB组)的试验饲料。试验期9周。结果表明:与PC组相比,MBM和SM组的增重率和粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率显著下降(P0.05),饲料系数显著升高(P0.05)。在肉骨粉饲料和豆粕饲料中添加柠檬酸和丁酸钠后,均显著提高了凡纳滨对虾的增重率、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率和干物质表观消化率(P0.05),显著降低了饲料系数(P0.05);在肉骨粉饲料和豆粕饲料中添加苹果酸后,凡纳滨对虾的增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质沉积率、脂肪沉积率以及干物质、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪表观消化率均无显著差异(P0.05)。各组凡纳滨对虾的肝胰腺蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,在鱼粉含量为12%的低鱼粉饲料中添加0.2%柠檬酸或丁酸钠,可显著改善凡纳滨对虾生长性能,提高了饲料效率,但添加0.2%苹果酸对生长性能和饲料利用无显著影响。  相似文献   

9.
本试验旨在比较低鱼粉饲料中补充晶体蛋氨酸和羟基蛋氨酸钙在凡纳滨对虾上的饲喂效果。试验选用初始体重为(0.40±0.00)g的凡纳滨对虾630尾,随机分为7组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养30尾对虾,进行为期8周的饲养试验。试验共配制7种试验饲料,对照组为30%的高鱼粉饲料,试验组饲料为用豆粕、花生粕和鸡肉粉混合蛋白质源分别替代对照饲料中16.67%、33.33%和50.00%鱼粉,并补充羟基蛋氨酸钙或晶体蛋氨酸,使其蛋氨酸含量与对照组一致。结果表明:各组对虾的成活率无显著差异(P0.05);同一鱼粉替代水平下,羟基蛋氨酸钙组的增重率、特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率显著高于晶体蛋氨酸组(P0.05)。复合蛋白质源替代16.67%鱼粉并补充羟基蛋氨酸钙组的增重率和特定生长率同对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。各组对虾的全虾粗蛋白质、干物质含量与肌肉粗脂肪、粗灰分含量无显著差异(P0.05);对照组的全虾粗脂肪含量显著高于各试验组(P0.05);全虾粗灰分含量以对照组最高,但与复合蛋白质源替代16.67%、33.33%鱼粉并补充羟基蛋氨酸钙组差异不显著(P0.05)。随着鱼粉替代水平的升高,羟基蛋氨酸钙组的血清总蛋白和甘油三酯含量均呈上升趋势,而晶体蛋氨酸组则呈下降趋势;同时,羟基蛋氨酸钙组与晶体蛋氨酸组的血清总胆固醇含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均有先上升后降低的趋势;血清白蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白及葡萄糖含量在各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,与补充晶体蛋氨酸相比,低鱼粉饲料中补充羟基蛋氨酸钙能更有效地改善凡纳滨对虾的生长性能和饲料利用效率,但效果仍不及对照饲料。  相似文献   

10.
试验在饲料中添加0、0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%的自制复方中草药制剂,饲养体重为(1.21±0.08)g的凡纳滨对虾7周,以研究不同添加量对凡纳滨对虾生长、肌肉营养组分和抗病力的影响。试验结果表明,试验组凡纳滨对虾的增重率、成活率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、抗病力等指标均优于对照组。本复方中草药制剂对凡纳滨对虾肌肉的常规营养成分和总氨基酸含量无显著影响,但能提高对虾肌肉中鲜味氨基酸的含量。从凡纳滨对虾的生长和抗病力等方面综合考虑,以添加1.5%较为适宜。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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