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1.
为了追求更好的食品质量目标,丹麦肉类研究所和Aarhus大学与丹麦猪研究中心一起成立了一个项目.项目研究小组打算生产5个不同的杂交猪种:杜洛克母猪和长白猪×约克夏母猪与卷毛公猪(匈牙利羊毛猪)和黑色伊比利公猪进行杂交(图1、2、3、4).除这4个杂交猪种之外,还设有一个对照猪种,即用长白猪×约克夏母猪和杜洛克公猪杂交生产出传统的屠宰猪.所有的猪在83 kg热胴体重时进行屠宰,表1列出了各杂交猪种的名称缩写和相应的屠宰日龄.  相似文献   

2.
正杜洛克、长白猪、大白猪是当今养殖范围较广的瘦肉型猪种。近年来,由于消费者对瘦肉型猪需求量的增加,养猪企业经常采取不同品种间的三元杂交,以长白猪、大白猪正反交生产的二元杂交猪作为母本(长大或大长),以杜洛克作为终端父本的三元杂交瘦肉型商品猪(杜长大或杜大长),本试验旨在研究这2种三元杂交组合猪生产性能的差异,以期为规模化养猪提供较为理想的杂交组合商品猪,对促进养猪业的发展具有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

3.
猪的活体与屠宰测定方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
猪活体与屠宰测定是对猪生产性能和生长发育规律进行揭示和探索的重要手段之一。通过对湖北白猪、中国大白猪、杜洛克和长白猪多年的测定数据的整理分析，可为选种提供科学依据，有效地提高选择的准确性，加速遗传改良效果，也为种猪的鉴定提供科学的依据。  相似文献   

4.
正农户要想养好猪,提高养猪的经济收入,涉及很多方面,概括起来为三点:一种、二料、三管理。1"一种"即猪种市场上需要瘦肉型猪,这种商品猪好卖,价格高。瘦肉型猪种有大约克、长白猪、杜洛克等品种。养商品猪,应养其杂交猪,因为杂交猪比纯种猪生长快,少生病,好养省饲料。以下两种杂交猪较好:大约克(父)×长白猪(母)长白猪(父)×大约克(母)杜洛克(父)×F1,从中选出母猪F2全部育肥有些地方买不到上面3个品种,且这些品种猪价  相似文献   

5.
本研究通过对云南地方猪品种高黎贡山猪和撒坝猪及其杂交组合的生产性能进行研究，以期生产出适应云南气候环境且生产性能好的杂优商品猪。实验选取胎次、出生日期、体重相近的高黎贡山猪、撒坝猪、高×撒杂交猪（高黎贡山猪×撒坝猪）各12头（6♂，6♀）进行饲养，饲养结束后每组随机屠宰6头（3♂，3♀），对其各项生产性能指标进行测定及比较分析。结果表明：高×撒杂交猪的平均日增重显著高于高黎贡山猪，但低于撒坝猪，且耗料增重比最低；与高黎贡山猪相比，高×撒杂交猪屠宰性能中的宰前活重、胴体重极显著增高，皮厚降低，腰大肌肌纤维直径降低，背最长肌氨基酸中的苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、鲜味氨基酸、必需氨基酸极显著增高，脂肪酸中的油酸、花生四烯酸、二十二碳一烯酸、不饱和脂肪酸含量极显著增高，胆固醇含量显著降低；与撒坝猪相比，高×撒杂交猪屠宰性能中的瘦肉率增高，皮率、脂率降低（P<0.05），肉质性能中的瘦肉率增高、滴水损失降低（P<0.05），背最长肌氨基酸中的苯丙氨酸极显著增高，脂肪酸中的棕榈酸、十七烷酸、花生四烯酸、二十二烷酸、二十二碳一烯酸含量极显著增高。由此可见，高×撒杂交猪结合了高黎贡山猪和撒...  相似文献   

6.
笔者于1992年7月至8月对忠县肉联厂商品猪的膀胱病变进行了初步的调查,兹报告于下。材料与方法1、动物93头商品猪来源于忠县境内,年龄6个月至2岁不等,品种为地方内江猪和内江猪(母)×长白猪(公)杂交代两种,饲养方式多为农户零星  相似文献   

7.
活体与屠宰测定是对猪的生产性能和生长发育规律进行提示和探索的重要手段之一。通过对测定数据的整理与分析，可为选种提供科学依据，有效地提高选择的准确性，加快遗传改良效果，也为种猪的鉴定提供科学的依据。笔者根据对湖北白猪、中国大白猪、杜洛克和长白猪多年的测定经验，参考有关资料，对其测定方法进行了整理和总结。１活体测定猪的活体测定通常有生长发育测定和肥育性能测定，前者主要用于个体鉴定，后者主要用于种猪性能测定。１．１生长发育测定后备猪生长发育测定，一般要求测断奶体重，２月龄与４月龄体重，６月龄结束体重与…  相似文献   

8.
通过对两个品种父系猪的生长发育、生产性能和生理指数进行观察发现，只要加强管理和尽量满足其生活要求，长白猪和杜洛克均能适应青海较为恶劣的环境气候条件，发挥其生产性能。  相似文献   

9.
目前,国内多采用杂交、营养控制、使用促长剂等多种途径提高商品猪的瘦肉率。米文正报道杜洛克与本地猪杂交后胴体瘦肉率可提高到54.21%;四川种猪试验站报道杜洛克和荣昌猪杂交一代胴体瘦肉率可达53.81%还有些地方用汉普夏、大约克、长白猪做父本与本地猪进行一元、二元杂交均取得提高瘦肉率的显著效果,可见引入瘦肉  相似文献   

10.
合理搭配品种对养猪意义极大。目前外国优良四大名猪吉林省都有,这就是丹麦长白猪、英国大约克夏猪(也可以称大白猪或苏白猪)、美国杜洛克红毛猪、美国汉普夏白带猪,其中长白猪用得最早最普遍,汉普夏猪用得最少,近年来约克夏猪也开始受欢迎。有的地方由于长期连续使用长白猪进行级进杂交,商品猪开始变得又长又窄逐渐退化,而约克夏猪粗而短,前期生长较快,用它和长白杂种杂交后代变得粗而宽很受养猪户的欢迎。杜洛克猪由于毛色红、杂交后代不是白色,开始不受欢迎,但杜洛克公猪和长白杂种杂交后其后代绝大多数为白色,因此作为第二父本还是比较理想的。但无论长白还是约克夏、杜洛克,由于生长快、瘦肉率高,要求条件也较高。一旦饲料、气候、管  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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