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为研究水禽尾脂腺的结构、功能及其受环境的影响,将180只1日龄商品代三水白鸭随机分为水养和旱养2个处理,每个处理3个重复,每重复30只,公母各半.42日龄后每个重复各取2只鸭(公母各半)屠宰,取其尾脂腺做切片观察.结果表明:①肉鸭尾脂腺细胞分为明显的外围暗区和内部明区两个区域,结合透射电镜切片可以发现细胞器都位于外围暗区(胞器区),而内部(脂肪区)则充满了大小不一的脂肪滴;②42日龄水养组的三水白鸭尾脂腺细胞外围暗区具有类似于线粒体内嵴的向内突起,而旱养组的则无向内突起;③尾脂腺细胞内细胞器主要包括线粒体、内质网和细胞骨架组织,但没有观察到高尔基体;④旱养条件下,三水白鸭尾脂腺细胞内的线粒体和内质网都较水养条件下更为发达. 相似文献
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选用180羽体重相近(255.58±9.27g)的7日龄健康樱桃谷商品肉鸭,按饲养方式不同随机分为四组,每组45羽。分别为:地面水养组、网床水养组、网床旱养组、地面旱养组,饲养至56日龄,各组随机取5只肉鸭进行屠宰性能的测定。结果表明:网床旱养可以提高肉鸭羽毛重,但各组之间差异不显著(p>0.05);与网床水养相比,网床旱养可以提高羽毛比率17.81%,且差异显著(p<0.05);其余各组差异不显著(p>0.05);与网床旱养相比,水养可以提高56日龄肉鸭的屠宰率和全净膛率,并显著提高半净膛率(p<0.05),其中网床水养达到了差异极显著水平(p<0.01);其余各组之间差异不显著(p>0.05)。 相似文献
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克伦特罗对肉鸭胴体组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
将28日龄的樱桃谷肉鸭276只随机分成5组，进行屠宰饲养试验，以研究克伦特罗对肉鸭胴体组成及增重的影响。肉鸭饲料中分别添加3、2、1、0.5 3和Omg/kg的克伦特罗。20天的饲养试验结束后，每组取7-16只屠宰。结果3、0.5 3和1mg/kg组肉鸭的胸肉分别比对照组提高了29.4％、39.2％和21.2％；3.2和1mg/kg组的皮及皮下脂肪分别比对照组减少了18.5％、25.2％和16.8％，腹脂分别比对照组降低了23.1％、36.2％和28.5％。这一结果表明，低剂量的克伦特罗有一定的促生长作用。 相似文献
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为揭示笼养和网上地面混合平养对鹅尾脂腺形态学及组织学的影响，研究以同批孵化的四川白鹅为试验对象，0～28日龄进行室内网上育雏，29～120日龄进行室内网上地面混合平养，于120日龄从试验鹅群随机挑选60只公鹅，等分为笼养组和网上地面混合平养组，饲养至270日龄进行屠宰。采集双侧尾脂腺称重后，从每组随机挑选6只鹅的左侧尾脂腺用于制作石蜡切片和HE染色，分别测定尾脂腺Ⅱ区管腔上皮厚度、Ⅱ区管腔面积、Ⅲ区管腔上皮厚度和Ⅲ区管腔面积。结果显示：在形态学层面，两种饲养方式下鹅的尾脂腺重量及其器官指数无显著差异（P>0.05）；在组织学层面，与混合平养组相比，笼养组鹅尾脂腺的Ⅲ区管腔面积极显著降低（P<0.01）；相关性分析结果显示，尾脂腺器官指数与Ⅱ区管腔上皮厚度呈显著负相关（P<0.05），Ⅱ区管腔面积与Ⅲ区管腔上皮厚度呈显著负相关（P<0.05）。研究表明，与混合平养相比，笼养抑制了鹅尾脂腺组织学结构的发育，可能减弱了尾脂腺合成和分泌油脂的能力。 相似文献
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肉鸭网上旱养即整个饲养期都不让鸭下水，完全在舍内网床设备上饲养。实践证明，肉鸭肉上旱养可减少疾病发生，省工省料，易管理，生长快，育肥性能好，养至60日龄即可达上市规格，肉质优良，经济效益显著，值得各地推广。 相似文献
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本实验旨在研究3个不同群体高邮鸭和1个绍鸭群体的生长及屠宰性能。以4个群体各90羽(公、母各半)为研究对象,相同条件下饲养,记录初生重和3～10周龄各个体体重。于10周龄屠宰,记录主要屠宰性能指标。结果表明:3个不同群体的高邮鸭初生重差异极显著(P<0.01),以新组建群初生重为最高,保护区高邮鸭群体最低,闭锁群居中。新组建群半净膛率、全净膛率高于闭锁群,腹脂率稍低于闭锁群,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。在4个群体中高邮鸭闭锁群平均腹脂率最高(2.18%),而绍鸭平均腹脂率最低(1.09%),差异极显著(P<0.01)。高邮鸭原闭锁群、保护区群和绍鸭母鸭腹脂率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于公鸭。 相似文献
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<正> 一、应激对肉鸭生长的影响应激是一种由环境因素引起的致使家禽机体平衡紊乱,而平衡取决于多种队素。如营养、温度、光照、水等。目前,樱桃谷等肉鸭品种具有生长快、出肉率高、适应性强等优点,给生产者带来很大的收益。在山东潍坊、安丘一带,很多养殖户利用大棚(或室内)平网养鸭,但在这种高密度旱养条件下,环境因素影响很大。尤其是环境温度过高会导致肉鸭生长机能紊乱,采食量下降,轻者生长减慢,抵抗力下降,重者导致啄羽,甚至死亡,从而造成经济损失。因此,在夏秋之季,怎样能饲养出健康的肉鸭,减轻热应激具有重要的意义。二、应激条件下的饲养技术1.创造舒适的环境夏秋季节,为了减轻应激,在设计房舍或搭建大棚时,应注意通风,供水方便;大棚饲养要防阳光直射;室内平网养殖,鸭舍四周开通风窗,保证空气对流,气温过高要加装风扇;根据平网大小,合理放养肉鸭数量(4～6周龄 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2019,(8)
为制定优质肉鸭最优饲养技术方案,提高优质肉鸭饲养的经济效益和品质,本研究选择900只1日龄优质肉鸭(益客集团E品系),随机分为3组,每组3个重复,分别采用地面平养、笼养、网上平养,在70日龄进行屠宰性能和肌肉主要营养成分测定。结果表明:网上平养肉鸭的屠体重较其他2种饲养方式有显著提升(P<0.05);网上平养的全净膛重与半净膛重、头脚重、胸肌重与笼养无显著差异,但其半净膛重、头脚重、胸肌重、腹脂重高于地面平养(P<0.05);网上平养的腿肌重与其他2种饲养方式无显著性差异;网上平养肉鸭的胸肌中蛋白质含量较其他2种方式显著提升(P<0.05),在腿肌蛋白质含量上三者差异不显著;网上平养肉鸭的腿肌脂肪含量高于地面平养(P<0.05),而3种饲养方式的胸肌脂肪含量无显著差异;胶原及水分含量与笼养相比在胸腿肌中差异不显著。可见,优质肉鸭采用网上平养较为适合。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献