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1.
《中国农学通报》2018,(8)
为探究不同含量白藜芦醇对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长、非特异免疫能力及肝脏结构的影响,设计4组不同含量Res饲料(0%、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%),分别标记为D1、D2、D3、D4组;在第15天、45天测定血清中8种非特异免疫酶活性,扫描电镜观察肠绒毛、肝脏显微结构。结果显示:45天后,处理组与对照组相比,增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数显著降低(P0.05)。生长期15天,MT、Hsp-70、Hsp-60、TRF 4种酶活性均随着Res含量升高而降低;C3、C4活性处理组与对照组无显著差异;生长期45天,C3、C4、IgM、TNF-α、Hsp-60、TRF 6种酶活性均随着Res含量升高而降低。扫描电镜显示:15天D4组肠绒毛"干瘪"、"卷曲程度加深",45天时,D4组绒毛排列紊乱、绒毛高度降低,受损严重,肝脏纤维化现象明显。综上所述,饲料中添加0.1%Res能够降低吉富罗非鱼部分非特异性免疫酶活性,并且损伤肠道和肝脏。 相似文献
2.
(目的)为探究不同含量白藜芦醇对吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)生长、非特异免疫能力及肝脏结构的影响。(方法)试验设计4组不同含量Res饲料：0%、0.025%、0.05%、0.1%,分别表示D1、D2、D3、D4组;在第15天、45天测定血清中八种非特异免疫酶活性,扫描电镜观察肠绒毛、肝脏显微结构。(结果)结果显示：经45天,处理组与对照组之间增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FC)显著降低(P<0.05)。生长期15天,MT、Hsp-70、Hsp-60、TRF四种酶活性均随着Res含量提高而降低;C3、C4二种酶活性处理组与对照组无显著差异;生长期45天,C3、C4、IgM、TNF-α、Hsp-60、TRF六种酶活性均随着Res含量提高而降低。扫描电镜显示：15天D4组肠绒毛“干瘪”、“卷曲程度加深”,45天时,D4组绒毛排列紊乱、绒毛高度降低,受损严重,肝脏纤维化现象明显。(结论)综上所述：饲料中添加0.1% Res能够降低吉富罗非鱼部分非特异性免疫酶活性,并且损伤肠道、肝脏。 相似文献
3.
本试验旨在研究饲料中不同可消化蛋白(DCP)和脂肪(DL)水平对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)幼鱼生长性能、能量物质代谢和抗氧化功能的影响,以确定罗非鱼幼鱼饲料适宜氮能比。初始均重为2 g幼鱼,投喂不同DCP(22%、24%、26%、28%)和DL水平(3%、5%、7%)配制而成的12种不同氮能比试验饲料10周。试验表明：提高饲料DCP和DL水平,显著提高鱼体体增重和特定生长率,5%DL组与7%DL组无显著差异,但蛋白质沉积率呈逐渐下降趋势,DCP26DL5组体增重和特定生长率与最高组DCP26DL7无显著差异;DCP26DL5组胃蛋白酶活性显著高于DCP28DL3组;DCP26DL5组血液AST活性最低,且DCP26DL5组TC和LDL-C含量显著低于DCP22DL7组,血糖水平无显著变化;鱼体抗氧化功能显著提高,DCP26DL5组肝脏SOD活性显著高于DCP22DL3组。研究结果表明,饲料DCP水平过高会降低蛋白质效率,DL水平过高生长性能出现平台期,建议吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料适宜DCP水平为26%,DL水平为5%,即氮能比为19.18 mg/KJ。 相似文献
4.
铜、锰诱导吉富罗非鱼血细胞凋亡及铁、锌的干预作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究重金属铜与锰对吉富罗非鱼血细胞凋亡的影响以及铁、锌的拮抗作用,采用原子吸收分光光度法检测血液及饲料中重金属的含量,采用流式细胞术检测实验鱼血细胞凋亡情况。360 尾吉富罗非鱼幼鱼随机分为12 组,每组30 尾,分别以硫酸铜(0、2000 mg/kg)、硫酸锰(0、120 mg/kg)为攻毒组重金属源,以硫酸锌(20、320 mg/kg)、硫酸铁(150、350 mg/kg)为拮抗组金属源,通过饲料投喂的方式进行血细胞凋亡的研究,养殖周期为20 周。细胞凋亡分析结果表明,染铜组、染锰组实验鱼血细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组;补充铁和锌后,随着饲料添加铁、锌水平的增加,实验鱼血细胞凋亡率明显下降,但铁、锌干预组血细胞凋亡率显著高于对照组。实验表明,过量铜、锰可诱发实验罗非鱼血细胞凋亡;较高水平的铁、锌对铜、锰的毒性作用具有拮抗作用。 相似文献
5.
为了探讨饲料中添加壳聚糖对星斑川鲽幼鱼生长、脂肪含量及抗氧化能力的影响.以初始体重为(46.03±0.11)g的星斑川鲽(Platichthys stellatus)幼鱼为研究对象,用壳聚糖等比例替代基础饲料中0(D0,对照组)、0.25％(D1)、0.50％(D2)、1.00％(D3)、2.00％(D4)的α-纤维素来配制5种等氮等能的饲料进行64天的生长实验.结果表明:(1)各处理组增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及摄食率(DFI)均随壳聚糖含量的升高而升高,脏体比(VSI随壳聚糖含量的升高而显著降低(P＜0.05);添加壳聚糖对各组的饲料系数(FCR及存活率(SR)无显著影响(P＞0.05);(2)各处理组全鱼脂肪含量随壳聚糖含量升高而降低,D4组显著低于D0组(P＜0.05)且全鱼脂肪含量与血清甘油三酯(TG),总胆固醇(CHO),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)均呈高度正相关;(3)D4组血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于D0组(P＜0.05),其他各试验组与对照组相比均有所提高,但差异不显著(P＞0.05); D2组血清抗超氧阴离子(O2-)活性显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05);各处理组血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和溶菌酶(LZM)活性均呈先上升后下降的趋势,并分别在D3组、D3组、D2组、D2组达到最高(P＜0.05);各处理组血清白蛋白(Alb)及总蛋白浓度(TP)浓度均随壳聚糖含量的升高而升高,且D4组显著高于D0组(P＜0.05).实验证明,在配合饲料中添加壳聚糖能够显著提高星斑川鲽幼鱼生长性能和机体抗氧化能力并降低机体脂肪含量;以增重率及抗氧化能力为综合评价指标,星斑川鲽幼鱼饲料壳聚糖的适宜添加量为0.50％. 相似文献
6.
为研究纳米硒对热应激下虹鳟血清抗氧化指标和免疫指标的影响,选取平均体质量约80 g的8月龄虹鳟600尾,随机分为3组,其中,对照组饲喂基础日粮,处理组分别饲喂添加了5,10 mg/kg纳米硒的日粮,在虹鳟适宜生长水温(18℃)条件下饲喂9 d在24℃(虹鳟产生热应激)下热应激48 h;分别在热应激前(18℃,0,3,6,9 d)和热应激(24℃,4,8,12,24,48 h)每组随机取10尾鱼,采集血清,测定抗氧化和免疫指标。结果发现,相比对照组添加纳米硒显著提高了血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLB)含量;热应激下谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量降低,过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量升高,纳米硒提高了GSH-Px、SOD和CAT含量,降低了MDA含量;热应激使对照组血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量逐渐升高,5 mg/kg纳米硒组在热应激4 h相比对照组TNF-α和IL-1β的含量显著提高,热应激12 h相比对照组IL-1β的含量显著降低;免疫球蛋白M(IgM)在热应激4 h含量下降,热应... 相似文献
7.
选用4组，每组8个家兔(Soviet chimchilla)用含有17～18％CP和10．4～11．00MJDE／kg的饲料喂养后，研究了家兔的生长特性、营养消化力以及盲囊发酵模式 的变化。全部几组饲料都含有桑叶及其他饲料成分；其桑叶含量分别在0％(LH组)、15％(ML15组)、30％(ML30组)和45％(ML45组)水平。在LH组饲料中，添加15％粉碎苜蓿干草，用 相似文献
8.
为探究绿茶粉改善免疫应激小鼠肠道屏障功能的作用机制。选取72只三周龄SPF级C57BL/6雄鼠,对其适应性喂养3 d后随机分成Ⅰ组(阴性对照)、Ⅱ组(阳性对照)、Ⅲ组(添加抗生素)、Ⅳ组(添加1%绿茶粉+茶多酚)、Ⅴ组(添加2%绿茶粉+茶多酚)和Ⅵ组(添加3%绿茶粉+茶多酚),每组3个重复,每个重复4只。在小鼠45 d时,Ⅰ组腹腔注射生理盐水,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ组按10μL/g的剂量腹腔注射大肠杆菌脂多糖。注射5 h后采集血液及组织器官。采用RT-PCR测定肠上皮紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin和Claudin蛋白相对表达量; ELISA法测定血清中IgA、IgG、IgM、肠道sIgA和血浆内毒素含量。结果表明,与Ⅱ组相比,添加茶多酚的绿茶粉能显著降低小鼠血浆内毒素的含量,促进血清中IgA、IgG、IgM和肠道sIgA分泌,同时增加肠上皮紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin和Claudin蛋白相对表达量。本研究表明,绿茶粉可以通过促进肠上皮紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、Occludin和Claudin蛋白相对表达量,修复肠道屏障,增强免疫应激小鼠的体液免疫,从而减轻肠道炎症,达到保护肠道的作用。 相似文献
9.
[目的]为研究中药复方添加剂对施氏鲟的生化指标的影响,[方法]在水温17 ℃条件下,采用投喂饲料的方式研究了复方A(茵陈、板蓝根等)、复方B(三七、大黄等)、复方C(甘草、金银花等)对1+龄施氏鲟的生化指标的影响。每组200尾施氏鲟,三种中药复方分别按照2.0 %、1.0 %、2.5 %的质量比以液体的形式添加到基础饲料中。每天按照鱼体质量的2.5 %投喂制备的饲料,投喂等量的基础饲料作为对照组,连续饲养35天。待饲养结束后,每组取15尾施氏鲟,尾静脉采血,与采集的肝脏组织一同被检测。测定施氏鲟的血清、肝脏中活性物质含量和酶活性的变化。[结果]结果表明：复方A肝脏中白蛋白(ALB)含量高于对照组,其血清中ALB含量低于对照组。B组血清中ALB含量高于对照组,并且C组血清中ALB含量低于对照组但高于A组。A组肝脏中白蛋白与球蛋白比值(ALB/GLB)高于对照组。A组血清中尿素氮(BUN)含量低于对照组,B组和C组血清中BUN含量与对照组相比无差异。A组和C组血清中肌酐(CREA)含量低于对照组。B组血清中甘油三酯(TG)含量高于对照组。B组血清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性明显高于对照组,而A组和C组血清中LDH活性明显低于对照组。[结论]综上,说明复方B和复方C可能对机体造成一定损伤,需进一步研究适宜的给药剂量。而复方A按照原药占饲料2.0 %的质量比添加进饲料,对肝脏及肾脏具有一定保护作用,有助于提高施氏鲟的免疫能力。 相似文献
10.
野茼蒿提取物是一种天然植物提取物,具有多种生物活性成分,其抗氧化、抗炎和抗病毒作用可能对CFS具有干预和缓解作用。本研究旨在探讨野茼蒿叶提取物对慢性疲劳综合征(CFS)大鼠对抗疲劳、运动行为能力和免疫力的调节作用。通过对48只清洁级SD大鼠分组和建模,进行21 d不同剂量野茼蒿或安慰剂喂食,最后1次喂食后12 h进行股静脉采血,24 h后进行运动能力测试。经过21 d干预,疲劳和炎症指标BUN、TNF-α、IL-1β、MDA,L组和H组血清水平显著低于MC组(P<0.05);评价运动行为能力的悬挂运动测试、冷水力竭游泳测试旷场实验,L组和H组的实验结果显著优于MC组(P<0.05);机体免疫力指标lgA和lg G,L组和H组的水平显著高于MC组(P<0.05)。以上指标,H组和L组均无显著差异(P>0.05)。野茼蒿通过提升CFS大鼠抗氧化酶和免疫球蛋白水平,抑制自由基和促炎因子浓度,达到缓解疲劳、减轻抑郁焦虑和提高免疫活性的效用。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
19.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
20.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献