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1.
本试验介绍了一种利用分散液-液微萃取前处理并将一种新型反相色谱柱应用于高效液相色谱-荧光检测器(HPLC-FLD)测定硒蛋白多糖中硒含量的方法。该方法以2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)为螯合剂,400μL乙腈为分散剂,120μL氯苯为萃取剂,硒(Ⅳ)与2,3-二氨基萘的螯合物(Se-DAN螯合物)经乙腈稀释后进行高效液相色谱分析。采用PFP色谱柱分离,乙腈为流动相,用荧光检测器在激发波长为376 nm、发射波长为520 nm条件下测定荧光强度,外标法定量。结果显示:该方法成功地用于测定硒蛋白多糖中硒含量,硒的检出限为2.5μg/L,线性范围为5.0~250.0μg/L。采用该方法测定的硒蛋白多糖中硒含量为1337.0μg/g,与荧光分光光度法(国标法)测定结果高度一致;并且,该方法也适用于酵母硒中硒含量的测定。本试验成功建立了检测硒蛋白多糖中硒含量的方法,该方法具有操作简便、易普及、试剂消耗少、分离度好、回收率高和适用性强等特点。  相似文献   

2.
建立了固相支撑液液萃取-平行蒸发技术用于快速净化多种饲料中的呋喃唑酮、呋喃它酮、呋喃西林和呋喃妥因。先用甲醇-磷酸盐缓冲溶液提取样品,再用硅藻土固相支撑液液萃取净化,然后用全自动平行蒸发技术浓缩,最后用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列在365nm波长下检测。实验对提取溶剂、净化方法、萃取时间、萃取体积和色谱分离等实验条件进行了优化。四种硝基呋喃原药在0．05～10Ixg／mL范围内线性相关系数大于0．9997,方法定量限为0．1mg／kg,0．1、0．2、1．0mg／kgZ个浓度水平的加标回收率为78．4％-105．3％,相对标准偏差为1．8％～7．2％。实际饲料样品分析结果表明,该技术简化了样品前处理,提高了操作自动化程度,测定结果准确度高,可用于批量饲料样品中硝基呋喃类原药的快速质量监控分析。  相似文献   

3.
《畜牧与兽医》2014,(9):70-75
采用离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐)建立一种分散液-液微萃取技术,结合高效液相色谱法(HPLC)用于检测牛奶中的青霉素V和氯唑西林。样品处理条件为:提取液为0.02 mol/L的磷酸缓冲液5 mL,离子液体60μL,分散剂为1 mL乙腈/甲酸(99.8∶0.2,v/v),提取时间1.5 min,离心8 min。结果显示该方法对牛奶中青霉素V和氯唑西林的富集倍数分别为35倍和82倍。然后采用HPLC方法对青霉素V和氯唑西林进行检测,检测限分别为0.2和1.5 ng/mL。两种药物在空白牛奶中的添加回收率在84.1%96.7%之间,变异系数小于4.9%。通过对未知牛奶样品进行检测,证明该方法可以作为一种简单、灵敏、准确的工具用于检测牛奶中的两种药物。  相似文献   

4.
贾涛  刘辉 《饲料研究》2014,(3):55-57
β-受体激动剂包括克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺、齐帕特罗、氯丙那林、特布他林、西马特罗、西布特罗、马布特罗、溴布特罗、克仑普罗、班布特罗和妥布特罗;通过违规添加到饲料中饲喂动物,最终会残留在动物的内脏与肌肉组织中,从而对人体的健康造成危害;以液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测饲料中13种β-受体激动剂,饲料经盐酸甲醇混合溶液萃取后用固相萃取小柱纯化,洗脱液蒸干后用含0.2%甲酸的水溶液溶解,供液相色谱-串联质谱仪进行检测。经测试：饲料中13种β-肾上腺素能激动剂的测定（液相色谱-串联质谱法）,在0.05、0.1和1.0 mg/kg 3个添加水平,回收率约在60%~96%,相对标准偏差约在3%~15%,结果表明：该方法准确度、精密度和线性范围等各项技术指标较好,适用于饲料中β-肾上腺素能激动剂的测定。  相似文献   

5.
不同试样分解液处理方法对饲料总磷测定的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
参考GB/T6437-2002饲料中总磷的测定——分光光度法,用一种浓缩饲料和一种配合饲料进行总磷检测。结果为试样溶解液呈浑浊时,过夜放置沉淀,吸澄清液进行检测,检测结果更准确、可靠。如果试样溶解液清亮,采取当天检测或过夜放置沉淀,检测结果均一致。该试验方法对饲料总磷的检测是一个很好的补充。  相似文献   

6.
研究旨在建立一种饲料中三聚氰胺残留测定的加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱方法。饲料样品经加速溶剂萃取仪提取,固相萃取净化后,气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定。筛选并优化了饲料中三聚氰胺残留的提取试剂、提取方法,确定了加速溶剂萃取仪工作条件,筛选了高效、适用的色谱柱,并确定了色谱、质谱条件。结果表明,加速溶剂萃取方法对阳性样品的提取效果显著优于超声萃取法,选用甲醇水溶液(V V=1 4)替代腐蚀性较强的10%三氯乙酸溶液,萃取效果好且不易腐蚀加速溶剂萃取仪,HP-5MS色谱柱分离效果优于DB-35MS色谱柱。采用本方法,提取效率高,且方法简便、快速,能满足饲料中三聚氰胺残留检测的需要,显著优于NY/T 1372—2007《饲料中三聚氰胺的测定》标准中采用的超声萃取法。  相似文献   

7.
气相色谱-质谱法分析鸡肝中己烯雌酚残留量   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用基质固相分散、液液分配、固相萃取相结合的方法提取并净化鸡肝中残留的己烯雌酚,用N-甲基,N-三甲基硅烷三氟乙酰胺(MSTFA)衍生化,毛细管气相色谱/质谱联用(选择离子检测模式,检测离子m/z为383、397、412、413)对衍生物检测分析,内标法定量,建立了对鸡肝中己烯雌酚残留量定性、定量分析的方法.不同添加浓度的己烯雌酚在鸡肝中的平均添加回收率在67.2%～90.2%之间,批内和批间变异系数在3.88%～10.36%之间,检出限为0.5μg/kg.  相似文献   

8.
日前,中科院兰州化物所药物分析团队历时3年,研发出了碳纳米管增强中空纤维固相微萃取与高效液相色谱联用测定牛奶制品中己烯雌酚的新方法。该方法操作简单、成本低廉,仅需40分钟左右就可有效地检测牛奶制品中的己烯雌酚残留物。据悉,这种新型的微萃取技术不仅可以应用在牛奶制品中,还可  相似文献   

9.
贾涛 《饲料与畜牧》2011,(11):36-39
己烯雌酚属于二苯乙烯类,并具有雌性激素的作用,是有效的促蛋白合成类固醇,在家禽或鱼类的肉产品中过量残留己烯雌酚会对消费者造成危害,为此己烯雌酚已经被禁止在食品生产中使用。但肉类食品中的过量残留,主要是由于被饲喂动物的饲料中非法添加含高含量的己烯雌酚所致,所以要使食品中己烯雌酚得到有效控制,对饲料中的己烯雌酚进行监测也很重要。经试验:利用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)检测饲料中己烯雌酚的含量,试样中的己烯雌酚经用甲醇溶解试样后,离心过膜后,采用负电喷雾离子源,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行分析,外标法定量,三对定性离子对分别为:m/z320.90>151.85、320.90>256.92和320.90>193.90,定量离子对为320.90>151.85。在1μg/L～500μg/L浓度范围内,呈良好的线性,相关系数≥0.99995。在鸡用配合饲料、鸡用浓缩饲料、鱼用配合饲料、鱼用浓缩饲料中,平均回收率≥93.0%,回收率标准偏差≤0.85%,检测限为0.01mg/kg,定量限为0.02mg/kg。该方法分析饲料中的己烯雌酚,前处理方法操作简便、快速、净化效果好,可同时定性和定量,方法的回收率、重复性、检测限均能满足饲料中己烯雌酚残留检测的要求。  相似文献   

10.
建立了同时测定饲料中三聚氰胺和盐酸克伦特罗的固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析方法。饲料样品用乙腈和50 mmol/L稀盐酸提取,然后用乙酸乙酯液液萃取净化,水相经PCX固相萃取小柱净化后用含1%三甲基氯硅烷的BSTFA衍生,采用选择离子模式进行测定,三聚氰胺衍生物选择离子为213,285,327,342,盐酸克伦特罗衍生物选择离子为86,212,262,277,外标法定量,三聚氰胺和盐酸克伦特罗检出限分别为0.6μg/kg和2.4μg/kg。在添加浓度10～200μg/kg范围内,饲料中三聚氰胺和盐酸克伦特罗的回收率分别为81.3%～92.0%和70.8%～82.2%,批内RSD分别为2.6%～4.5%和2.7%～5.2%,批间RSD分别为3.8%～7.0%和5.4%～6.1%。衍生物的峰面积与样品浓度在0.01～0.50mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数均大于0.999。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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