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在肉鸡规模化养殖过程中,因不同环境因子影响导致肉鸡发生环境应激反应的情况难以完全避免.环境应激不仅会造成肉鸡生产性能受到影响,而且也会影响肉质品质与产品质量.对此,文章归纳几种肉鸡规模养殖模式下常见的环境应激因子,分析其对肉鸡的主要影响,同时提出几种有效降低环境应激影响的措施和手段,以提升肉鸡福利和肉鸡规模养殖经济效益. 相似文献
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高温热环境会导致肉鸡的呼吸、心跳加快，采食量显著降低，饮水量增加，精神萎靡不振，机体免疫能力降低，肠道微生物的多样性下降，肉品质下降，导致肉鸡的整体生产性能明显降低，甚至引发鸡群大量死亡，给养殖者造成严重的经济损失。通过改善养殖环境、降低饲养密度，或者日粮添加抗热应激剂能够降低热应激环境对肉鸡的不良影响。本文简单阐述了肉鸡在热应激环境中的表现，以及热应激对肉鸡生产性能、肠道微生物的影响，同时还提出了几点预防肉鸡热应激的建议，以供养殖人员参考。 相似文献
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近年来随着集约化、高密度肉鸡养殖的发展,全球热带地区以及季节性高温区域的热应激问题已经给肉鸡养殖业带来较大损失。分析热应激对肉鸡生产的具体危害,通过补充饲用微生态制剂等营养调控措施,减少热应激对肉鸡养殖的生产损失,极具推广价值。据此,文章全面收集与整理了国内外该领域的试验报道与数据,发现热应激肉鸡生产性能的降低主要表现在采食量、生长速度与饲料转化率,且降低程度受鸡种、日龄、热应激温度、持续时间等多种因素综合影响。饲粮补充微生态制剂,一定程度上可以缓解热应激危害,突出表现在饲料转化效率和鸡群健康状况的持续改善,且作用效果与饲用微生态制剂的类型与添加量有关。 相似文献
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夏季高温季节大棚养殖肉仔鸡,气温高,湿度大.容易发生热应激.导致生产性能下降、中暑、休克甚至死亡,对肉鸡饲养危害很大,必须通过降低舍温、增加日粮浓度和其他综合措施来确保肉鸡在夏季生产性能的正常发挥. 相似文献
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高温环境导致热应激,不仅造成肉鸡生长性能和成活率降低,而且使肉鸡产生免疫抑制,严重影响肉鸡产品质量。为了缓解热应激带来的不利影响,多种营养性添加剂应用到饲料生产中。酵母硒和维 相似文献
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夏季高温天气,经常造成肉鸡热应激。在热应激的情况下,肉鸡生产性能降低。为降低和消除热应激对肉鸡生长的影响,我们必须采取综合的防暑降温措施。 1.加强鸡舍降温的性能。检修鸡舍,以减少鸡舍的透光、透热,增加房顶绝热系数。往房顶上撒草、摆放树枝。 相似文献
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热应激是指处于高温环境下的动物机体对热环境刺激所作的非特异性生理反应的总和,它涉及神经系统、内分泌系统及免疫系统等的一系列反应.热应激对整个机体都有不同程度的影响,但对其作用机制的研究还未达到一致的观点.现代肉鸡生产养殖的特点是生长速度快、饲料吸收和代谢能力强、内部产热高,这些因素都加大了其受外部温度影响的可能性,并使其对多种代谢问题例如酸碱平衡等的敏感性和易感性增加.体外的高温环境阻碍了体内热量的散失,导致肉鸡身体温度的升高,进而影响食欲和生长速度(饲料转化率低),呈现高死亡率.基于热应激对肉鸡生产带来的影响,研究者们从营养、遗传、生理等各方面对降低热应激进行研究,在通过多种营养措施来改善热应激反应的同时,从遗传上培育耐热应激的鸡也成为研究热点之一.2011年2月14～16日,由悉尼大学家禽研究基金会和世界家禽科学协会(WPSA)澳大利亚分会联合组 织的第22届澳大利亚家禽科学年会在悉尼大学举行.大会分别对家禽营养、福利、热应激以及疾病等进行专题研讨.热应激专题中来自巴西、以色列、澳大利亚的研究者分别从生理、遗传和营养的角度对热应激 状态下电解质平衡对鸡生产性能的改善、降低肉鸡热应激敏感性的遗传方法和日粮脂肪酸改善热应激潜力的重新评估进行探讨.本专题对以上三个报告进行刊登,供读者参考. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献