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在试验室条件下,对牛粪高浓度批次厌氧发酵进行试验研究,考察发酵温度、干物质含量和接种率对牛粪高浓度厌氧发酵效果影响。试验结果表明:牛粪高浓度厌氧发酵在工艺上是可行的;高温55℃厌氧发酵较中温35℃厌氧发酵产气快,发酵周期短,但能耗高,二者总累计产气量相近;高温厌氧发酵第15d累积产气量基本都达到了总产气量的95%以上;接种充分和发酵条件适宜条件下,干物质含量TS对累计干物质产气率影响较小,高浓度厌氧发酵可以有效提高反应器效率,且节水节能;随着接种率增大,高温高浓度厌氧发酵启动越迅速,平均日产气量越高,产气速度越快;接种率为30%时,第15d累计产气量为5 113mL,相当总产气量97%。 相似文献
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响应面法优化猪粪和玉米秸秆混合厌氧发酵产沼气工艺 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用中心组合设计试验考察粪秸比、发酵温度和发酵底物浓度3个因素对猪粪和玉米秸秆混合厌氧发酵产沼气的影响,运用响应面法对其工艺参数进行优化.研究结果表明,根据试验数据建立的二次多项式数学模型具有高度显著性(P ＜0.0001),相关系数R2=0.9866,说明预测值和试验值之间具有很好的拟合度.通过对二次回归数学模型解逆矩阵得到粪秸混合厌氧发酵产沼气的最优化条件为:粪秸比(玉米秸秆干物质占发酵原料干物质的质量分数)为30％,发酵温度为35℃和发酵底物浓度为12.74％.在此条件下,粪秸混合厌氧发酵的沼气产率的预测值为291.8 mL·g-1TS,试验值为288.5 mL·g1TS,二者相对偏差为1.14％.因此,利用响应面分析法进行粪秸混合厌氧发酵产沼气工艺参数的优化是可行可靠的,可以较好地预测沼气产率. 相似文献
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甘蔗叶干法厌氧发酵工艺研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为实现甘蔗叶的能源化利用,采用干法厌氧发酵方法研究发酵原料总固体含量为20%时,不同接种量、草粪比以及发酵温度对甘蔗叶产气量和产甲烷的影响。结果表明：接种量在30%和40%时发酵可以正常启动,接种量为40%时总产气量最高,但发酵后期甲烷含量下降很快;草粪比为1∶1和2∶1时总产气量高,甲烷含量均在60%以上,产气效果明显好于草粪比为1∶0的处理组;发酵温度为35℃时,总产气量和甲烷含量最高,发酵温度为30℃和40℃时总产气量相差不大。甘蔗叶干法厌氧发酵产沼气效果较好的工艺参数为：接种量30%、草粪比1∶1和发酵温度35℃。各处理组在甲烷含量达到最高值之前,甲烷含量与发酵时间之间呈现很强的线性相关性。产气高峰过后,虽然日产气量明显下降,但气体中甲烷含量下降幅度不大。 相似文献
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研究以餐厨垃圾为原料,在中温(37℃)和高温(55℃)条件下开展批次试验。通过测定各项产气指标探究不同温度对餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产气性能的影响,并采用Gompertz模型和一级动力学模型对中温和高温条件下餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵累计产甲烷量进行拟合。结果表明,高温厌氧发酵最大产甲烷潜能为398.33 mL·g-1VS,高出中温发酵32.37%,高温条件下餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵累积沼气产量和甲烷产量分别为665.89和399.41 mL·g-1VS,显著高于中温条件下的累积沼气产量及甲烷产量。餐厨垃圾高温发酵甲烷生成速率常数k为0.43558 d-1,高于中温发酵动力学常数(k=0.31367 d-1),餐厨垃圾高温厌氧发酵产甲烷速率高于中温发酵。综上所述,相较于中温条件,高温条件下餐厨垃圾批次厌氧发酵产气性能更优异。 相似文献
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以提高玉米秸秆预处理后还原糖含量和厌氧发酵产甲烷性能为目的，采用绿色木霉进行玉米秸秆预处理，通入外源氢气加强厌氧发酵产甲烷性能。实验结果表明，当预处理温度为36℃,时间为2 d,初始料液比为1∶1的绿色木霉处理条件时，还原糖含量最高，为27.66 mg·g-1,预处理后累计产甲烷量比未经预处理实验组提高了39.0%,绿色木霉加氢组累计产甲烷量为木霉预处理组的2.6倍。表明绿色木霉预处理对玉米秸秆厌氧发酵有促进作用，外源加氢可有效提升厌氧发酵甲烷产量。 相似文献
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在TS浓度为20%、发酵温度为35℃的条件下,研究沼液添加量(TS比)为20%,30%和40%时,对干湿耦合厌氧发酵的影响。实验结果表明:沼液添加量对稻秆干式厌氧发酵的影响较大。在本实验条件下,当沼液添加量为40%时,沼气产量、沼气成分、TS和VS降解率等厌氧发酵的主要指标均优于20%和30%组。这说明,在本实验条件下,沼液添加量40%为较优的工艺控制参数。该研究可为干湿耦合厌氧发酵的实际工业应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献