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《畜禽业》2018,(11)
目的试验旨在研究复方中药对生长期太行鸡机体免疫的影响。由大麦、茯芩、白芍、甘草、党参、白术、当归、贯众等组成的绿色复方中药添加剂。方法试验选取28日龄太行鸡320只,随机分为4组,每组分4个重复,每重复20只鸡。4个试验组分别饲喂基础日粮以及基础日粮+0. 75%、1. 5%和2. 0%复方中药,试验定期测定太行鸡免疫器官重量、T淋巴细胞转化率以及IgA、IgM、IgG含量。结果太行鸡日粮中添加复方中药后,其胸腺、法式囊、脾脏指数,淋巴细胞转化率,血清IgG、IgM和IgA含量均有明显提高,且1. 5%和2%复方中药组相对于0. 75%复方中药组和对照组差异显著(P0. 05)。结论试验表明太行鸡日粮添加1. 5%和2%复方中药显著提高其机体免疫力。 相似文献
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中草药添加剂“水肿灵散”对断奶仔猪免疫功能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
选用35日龄断奶仔猪30头,分成对照组和试验组进行饲养试验。各组仔猪分别于试验前10d、试验时、试验后10d、试验后20d采集血样,测定血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM和补体C3、C4的含量。结果显示:在-10d～0d阶段,试验组免疫球蛋白和补体水平相近,各组间无差异(P>0.05);0～10、10～20d阶段,与对照组相比,试验组的IgG分别提高了15.62%(P<0.05)、14.68%(P<0.01),IgA分别提高了17.08%(P<0.05)、15.11%(P<0.05),IgM分别提高了22.76%(P<0.01)、5.85%(P>0.05);C3水平分别提高了14.29%(P<0.05)、15.94%(P<0.05),C4水平分别提高了5.95%(P>0.05)、6.49%(P>0.05)。表明“水肿灵散”不仅促进免疫球蛋白的生成,而且还促进补体的生成,继而通过改善机体的体液免疫功能达到防治仔猪水肿病的目的。 相似文献
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试验用不同剂量的黄芪多糖注射液给犬肌肉注射,分别在注射前和注射后第七、十四天检测犬的机体免疫球蛋白(IgG,IgM,IgA)、补体C3、C4和白细胞(WBC)、淋巴细胞(Ly)、红细胞(RBC)的含量,将12只健康犬分为四组(即对照组为生理盐水、低剂量组为0.1mL/(kg体重)、中剂量组为0.5mL/(kg体重)、高剂量组为1mL/(kg体重))。试验结果表明:黄芪多糖注射液能很好的提高犬机体的免疫效果,其中中剂量[0.5mL/(kg体重))的黄芪多糖对犬的免疫增强效果比高剂量组和低剂量组的效果要好。 相似文献
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选取21日龄杜大长断奶仔猪30头,研究添喂酪蛋白酶解物对断奶仔猪免疫功能和生长性能的影响。结果表明,试验组仔猪血清中IgA、IgG和IgM的水平分别比对照组提高15.85%(P<0.01)、2.04%(P>0.05)、7.89%(P<0.05);对照组与试验组仔猪血清补体C3、C4水平的差异不显著;对照组和试验组仔猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖率分别为14.19%、22.52%,差异极显著(P<0.01);试验组仔猪的日增重较对照组有明显的提高。 相似文献
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鳜皮肤黏液IgM样蛋白的纯化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对经嗜水气单胞菌全菌疫苗浸泡免疫后的鳜皮肤黏液中的免疫球蛋白采用盐析法、重组蛋白A(HiTrap rProteinA Sepharose)亲和层析法及鼠抗鳜血清IgM单克隆抗体偶联的Sepharose 4B亲和层析法分离纯化,并通过SDS-PAGE及Western-blot技术对纯化蛋白的部分特性进行分析比较。结果表明:50%硫酸铵溶液可以沉淀黏液中大部分蛋白,条带仍较多,约十几条,其中含有72 ku和29 ku的条带,因此仅可作为免疫球蛋白粗提的方法;Sepharose 4B亲和层析法所提取鳜黏液Ig经SDS-PAGE检测,只含有72 ku和29 ku 2个条带(初步认为鳜黏液Ig的重链和轻链),与鳜血清IgM的重、轻链分子量相同;rProteinA亲和层析法所提蛋白除具有上述重链(72 ku)和轻链(29 ku)外,还含有43 ku的蛋白带(可能为鳜黏液Ig另外一种形式的重链)。Western-blot显示,兔抗鳜Ig多克隆抗体可与72 ku及43 ku条带发生发应。两种亲和法所提蛋白纯度较高,但含量较低,条带较淡,仅可作为实验室小量提纯鳜黏液Ig的有效方法。 相似文献
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在一个工业化养兔场的176只兔的抗兔出血症病毒（RHDV）抗体的血清学普查中,作者发现一株杯状病毒,暂称之为兔杯状病毒（RCV）。RCV的抗原性与RHDV相关却无致病性。已观察到：1）断奶仔兔（31日龄）的血清阳性率为22．7％;2）肥育兔的阳性率迅速增多,即断奶后5─7天为25％;断奶后13─14天为55．6％,断奶后19─20天为87．5％,断奶后32─33天为100％;3）所有种兔血清全部阳性,且有高滴度（1／640─1／1280）兔占10％。种兔和断奶仔兔的抗体种类为IgG。然而在断奶后13─14天,才出现有IgM和IgA。大龄的育肥兔的IgM和IgA减少,IgG暂时性增多。上述结果证实在未出现任何RHD特异症状下发生了血清转化现象。我们用RT─PCR法和威斯顿转印法（WesternBlotting）从断奶6天仔兔的近肠段分离并鉴定了RCV。在分别进行的两次实验中,我们给2月龄的家兔和野兔接种含有RCV的肠提取物,并成功地：1）从感染后3天捕杀的家兔肠中再次分离到RCV;2）从感染后4天观测到血清转化现象;3）证实了兔已获得抗RHCV的抵抗力;4）排除野兔为RCV的易感动物。最后,作者讨论了养兔场RCV自然感染的流行病学以及鉴定到的这类非致病性病毒对今后的影响和意义。 相似文献
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目的研究发酵饲料对断奶仔猪血液生化指标和免疫性能的影响。方法选择体重10 kg左右的杜长大杂交断奶仔猪90头,随机分成3个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10头仔猪,试验组1饲喂自制发酵饲料,试验组2饲喂市售酵素制备的发酵饲料,对照组饲喂常规日粮(含抗生素),试验期40 d,对仔猪血液生化指标和免疫指标进行检测。结果与对照组相比,试验组1、试验组2血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高(P 0. 05);试验组1、试验组2血清尿素氮含量显著降低(P 0. 05)。3组间IgM、IgA含量均无显著差异(P 0. 05),试验1组血清IgG含量显著高于对照组。结论发酵饲料能提高仔猪生长性能,增强免疫力。 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
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Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献