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以自安徽不同地区分离的棉花红腐病菌（Fusarium moniliforme）单孢株为供试菌株,在含KClO3培养基上诱导筛选获得抗氯酸盐的硝酸盐营养缺陷型(nit)突变株232株,根据在MM、NM、HM等3种不同氮源培养基上的生长情况划分出nit A、nit B、nit C、nit D 4种突变类型,其中nit A出现频率最高,179株,占总体的77%;nit B 25株,占总体的11%;nit C 24株,占总体的10%;nit D最少,4株,占总体的2%。将各菌株的nit A突变株和测试菌株的nit B或nit C配对,结果12个菌株分为6个不同的营养体亲和群(VCGs),其中3个VCGs各含1个菌株,另外3个VCGs各含3个菌株。结果还表明,来源于同一野生菌株的不同类型nit突变体间或同一VCG不同野生菌株的nit突变体间可产生互补反应而形成亲和带,其中以nit B型突变株互补性最好,在利用nit突变体测定营养体亲和性时作为标准菌株;来源于不同VCG的nit突变体间不能产生互补反应。 相似文献
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陕西关中地区棉花黄萎菌营养亲和性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于陕西关中地区的泾阳菌系被定为致病性最强的生理Ⅰ型,本试验采用营养亲和性的方法对陕西关中地区采集的18个菌株以及陕西省植保所提供的新疆和田菌系、陕西泾阳菌系和河南安阳菌系进行了研究。经不同氮源利用的鉴定,结果为：21个菌株共获得364个nit突变株,其中nit1 289个,占总量的79.40%;nitM 72个,占总量的19.78%; nit3仅有3个。经营养体亲和性配对测试,21个菌株可分为3个营养亲合群(VCGs)。 新疆和田菌系属于亲合群2(VCG2),河南安阳菌系属于亲合群3（VCG3）。其余的18个菌株属于亲和群1(VCG1)。B18没有产生突变体。且发现不同菌株营养体亲和产生的亲和带形态有差异,且具一定稳定性。由此可见, 造成陕西关中地区棉花黄萎病发生严重并造成经济损失的主要原因是由于主要致病菌属于VCG1。 相似文献
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河北省棉花黄萎菌落叶型和非落叶型菌系初步鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用PCR特异性扩增技术对从采自河北省的228株棉花黄萎菌(Verticillium dahliae)、四川省的2株棉花黄萎菌(菌株Sch-1和Sch-3)、辽宁省的1株黄萎菌(菌株Ly-1)、棉花黄萎菌标准菌株(落叶型标准菌株T9和非落叶型标准菌株V97)和3株棉花枯萎菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)菌株进行了落叶型和非落叶型菌系的鉴定.结果表明,利用V.dahliae特异性引物DB19/DB22从233株黄萎菌中均可获得500 bp的特异性片段,而3株棉花枯萎菌中不能获得扩增产物.分别利用非落叶型特异性引物INTNDf/INTNDr和落叶型特异性引物INTD2f/INTD2r对233株黄萎菌进行PCR扩增.菌株Sch-1、Sch-3、Ly-1及非落叶型黄萎菌标准菌株V97利用非落叶型特异性引物INTNDf/INTNDr可扩增出1 100 bp的产物;采自河北省的228株黄萎菌和落叶型标准菌株T9利用落叶型特异性引物INTD2f/INTD2r可扩增出450 bp的产物.结果表明,目前河北省主要棉区棉花黄萎病菌以落叶型黄萎菌菌株为主. 相似文献
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新疆棉花枯萎病菌营养体亲和群及互补指数的研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
从采自新疆23个不同县(市或团场)的棉花枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f．sp．vasinfectum)52个菌株上获得785个不能利用硝酸盐的突变体(nit),其中nitl 占70．57％,nitM占19．75％,nit3(8)占9．68％。将52个菌株分别与已知的4个7号小种菌株、一个3号小种菌株和一个8号小种菌株的突变体按nitl或nit3(8)配nitM的方式等距离配对,(各对菌株间的配组数为11～154),进行营养体亲和性的测定,结果表明,52个待测菌株与7号小种的4个标准菌株间存在着不同程度的营养体亲和性,而与3号小种和8号小种的标准菌株均不亲和,因此,它们属于7号小种营养体亲和群—VCG701。但各菌株与7号生理小种的4个标准菌株间的互补指数存在着差异,显示出棉花枯萎病菌同—营养体亲和群内在个体间存在着生理和遗传的差异。 相似文献
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为了研究新疆乌苏地区棉花黄萎病菌的致病型和群体间的变异性,从该地区不同棉株上分离8株病原菌,通过对病原菌的菌落培养形态、菌丝和孢子的显微结构、对寄主的致病性、ITS序列的克隆、菌株间的系统进化及营养亲和性分析等方面进行了研究。结果表明：分离的病原菌均属于非落叶型棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae),为大丽轮枝菌;系统进化树显示8株菌在系统进化上属于2个不同的进化方式;8株黄萎病菌在相同的寄主上致病性存在差,Vd-1菌株致病力最强,Vd-34致病力最弱;不同致病力的菌株之间的营养亲和性分为2个营养亲和群(VCGs)。新疆乌苏地区棉花黄萎病的致病菌是大丽轮枝菌,病原菌在进化上差异显著。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌插入突变体库的构建及致病相关基因DVK1的克隆与鉴定 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用ATMT（Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation）技术自建Verticillium dahliae强致病力落叶型菌株T-DNA插入突变体库,共获得5000个转化子;随机挑选1000个转化子进行致病力鉴定,筛选获得5株致病力衰退的突变体。挑选致病力下降最为明显的突变体d1,通过TAIL-PCR技术最终获得一段长3237 bp的DVK1全长cDNA序列,编码1079个氨基酸的蛋白。基于DNA序列比对发现,DVK1基因含有2个内含子,分别为52 bp和36 bp。进一步比对发现T-DNA插入到DVK1基因启始密码上游740 bp的启动子中。通过遗传互补实验d1 恢复了致病性,进一步证明DVK1基因与黄萎菌致病性相关。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
16.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
17.
Summary
Hordeum chilense is a wild barley extensively used in wide crosses in the Triticeae. It could be a valuable source of resistance to Fusarium culmorum and Septoria nodorum. Some H. chilense x Triticum spp. amphiploids, named tritordeums, were more resistant than the parental wheat line to these diseases, others were not. Average contents of ergosterol and deoxynivalenol (DON) suggested that resistance to colonization by Fusarium was the highest for Hordeum chilense, followed by tritordeum and wheat in decreasing order. In particular, the H. chilense genotypes H7 and H17 enhanced the wheat resistance to F. culmorum in its tritordeum offsprings. Resistance to S. nodorum in tritordeum was not associated with tall plant height. There is sufficient genetic variation for resistance to F. culmorum and S. nodorum among tritordeum to allow the breeding of lines combining short straw and resistance to both diseases. 相似文献
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J. T. Fletcher 《Euphytica》1992,63(1-2):33-49
Summary Cultivars of tomatoes, cucumbers, lettuce and peppers have been bred for resistance to one or more pathogens. Some tomato and cucumber cultivars have resistance to a wide range of diseases. Resistance has been transient in many cases and a succession of cultivars with new genes or new combinations of resistance genes has been necessary to maintain control. There has been a number of notable exceptions and these have included durable resistance to such pathogens asFulvia fulva and tomato mosaic virus. With lettuce the resistance situation is complicated by the occurrence of fungicide resistant pathotypes. There are no strains ofAgaricus bisporus purposely bred for disease resistance.In protected flower crops only resistance to Fusarium wilt in carnations has been purposely bred but differences in disease resistance are apparent in cultivars of many ornamental crops. This is particularly so in chrysanthemums where there are cultivars with resistance to many of the major pathogens. Similar situations occur with other flower crops and pot plants. Cultivars of some species have not been systematically investigated for resistance.The need for genetic resistance will increase with the further reduction, in the limits on pesticide use and an increasing public awareness and importance of pesticide pollution.ADAS is an executive agency of the Ministry of Agiculture, Fisheries and Food and the Welsh Office. 相似文献
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M. Raj Ahuja 《Euphytica》2009,165(1):5-19
The genetic constitution and diversity of four relictual redwoods are discussed in this review. These include monotypic genera
of the family Cupressaceae: coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum), dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), and alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides). All four species are narrow endemics, share a number of common phenotypic traits, including red wood, and are threatened
species. Fossil history suggests that the ancestors of redwoods probably originated during the Cretaceous and Tertiary periods
and flourished thereafter for millions of years. Towards the end of the Tertiary period began their decline and struggle for
existence that continued during the subsequent geologic upheavals and climate changes, until the survival of the present-day
redwoods in the current restricted locations in the world (USA, China, and South America). Although two species, Sequoiadendron and Metasequoia, are diploids (2n = 22), and the other two are polyploids: Fitzroya a tetraploid (2n = 4x = 44), and Sequoia a hexaploid (2n = 6x = 66); they all share the same basic chromosome number x = 11. The genome size in the hexaploid Sequoia is one of the largest (31,500 MB) in the conifers, while the genome sizes of diploid Metasequoia and Sequoiadendron are about one-third (~10,000 MB) of Sequoia. Genetic diversity in the redwoods is lower than most other gymnosperms, except in Sequoia, which seems to rank near the upper quarter of the coniferous forest trees. Genomic research is sparse in the redwoods, and
should be pursued for a better understanding of their genome structure, function, and adaptive genetic diversity. 相似文献
20.
The induction in vitro of adventitious shoots in Rosa 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Summary Adventitious shoots were formed on excised leaves, roots and callus of Rosa persica x xanthina and on excised leaves of R. laevigata and R. wichuraiana on culture media that included BAP and NAA as growth regulators. Shoots formed freely on freshly cultured callus of R. persica x xanthina but their production declined in successive cultures and ceased after twelve weeks. Transplantation to soil was improved by rooting plantlets in cellulose plugs in vitro and transferring plantlets to soil while still in the plugs. 相似文献