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1.
在广西蓝莓产区发现一种叶斑病,为明确该病害致病菌种类,通过组织分离和纯化、致病性测定,并结合其产孢细胞,分生孢子的颜色、大小、附属丝等形态学特征和分子生物学特性对该病原菌进行鉴定。结果表明,该病原菌可致蓝莓叶片产生褐色病斑,边缘有深褐色晕圈,后期产生黑色分生孢子盘。该菌菌落呈白色,背面乳白色至淡黄色,产孢细胞无色透明,圆棒状。分生孢子21.5-25.8 μm×5.5-7.5 μm,中间3个色胞同为橄榄色,具2-3根顶端附属丝,长11.4-21.6 μm。结合ITS序列系统发育分析确定该病原菌为 Pestalotiopsis tranchicarpicola。这是Pestalotiopsis tranchicarpicola引起蓝莓叶斑病在国内的首次报道。  相似文献   

2.
为了明确近年来广西省天峨县发生严重的珍珠李叶枯病原,采集天峨县珍珠李病叶,对病原进行分离和鉴定。本研究从病叶中分离到2种真菌,核糖体DNA内转录间隔区（internal transcribed spacer, ITS）序列分析表明2种真菌分离物分别与GenBank中胶孢炭疽菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）和拟盘多毛孢菌（Pestalotiopsis sp.）具有99%的相似性。离体致病性测定结果表明,分离菌株均能使健康叶片产生症状,并通过柯赫氏法则（Koch’ postulates）验证。结合真菌分离物的分离比率,将广西天峨县珍珠李叶枯病原初步鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌。  相似文献   

3.
通过与蓝莓上已报道的类拟盘致病菌系统发育对比,发现有5株类拟盘菌株聚集形成一个相对独立分支,表明这5株菌可能属于1个危害蓝莓的新纪录种;为确定该危害蓝莓的类拟盘多毛孢种类,采用三层次系统发育比较法和传统形态鉴定法对其进行鉴定,结果表明5株病原菌均属于Pestalotiopsis kenyana,分生孢子大小为(20.7~28.8)μm×(4.7~7.2)μm,中间三色细胞同色,长为13.2μm~18.0μm,具2~3根顶端附属丝,1根基部附属丝。  相似文献   

4.
在辽宁绥中县发现苹果白绢病发生为害,为明确病原菌种类,将采集病样进行分离培养,并进行柯赫氏法则验证致病性,根据病原菌形态和rDNA-ITS和LSU序列分析对病菌进行分子鉴定,同时进行了病菌生物学特性及防治药剂毒力测定。结果表明,分离株的菌落形态与整齐小核菌Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.一致,经分子鉴定,其ITS序列和LSU序列与整齐小核菌的有性型序列同源性达100%,将引起苹果白绢病的病原菌鉴定为整齐小核菌。病原菌在10 ~ 35℃均可生长,25 ~ 30℃时病菌生长最快,病原菌在pH值范围为3 ~ 12时均可生长,碱性环境不适宜病菌生长。室内毒力测定结果显示,5种药剂戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯、噻呋酰胺、咯菌腈和氟硅唑均对白绢病菌有抑制作用,其中,噻呋酰胺抑菌效果最好,EC50为0.0565 mg/L。  相似文献   

5.
为了弄清广西各猕猴桃产区猕猴桃果实病害的病原菌种类,作者于2021年8-9月采果期收集了广西壮族自治区桂林市、河池市、百色市、贺州市及宜州市等5个市15个猕猴桃主产县38个代表性果园的成熟果实进行病果的病原菌的分离与鉴定。共计分离获得174份真菌材料和5份细菌材料,分别使用鉴定真菌的通用引物ITS1/ITS4和鉴定细菌的通用引物27F /1429R做PCR 扩增。将序列在NCBI数据库中进行Blast比对,确定菌株的分类地位。结果发现15个主产县猕猴桃果实病害的病原真菌主要有葡萄座腔菌科的2个属Botryosphaeria和Neofusicoccum、二孢菌属(Lasiodiplodia)、间座壳菌属(Diaporthe)、枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)、 镰刀菌(Fusarium)、炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum) 、毛霉属(Mucor)和类拟盘多毛孢属(Neopestalotiopsis),其中葡萄座腔菌属、间座壳菌属、二孢菌属和Neofusicoccum为主要真菌,分别占获得真菌材料总份数的47.70%,29.89%,9.20%和6.90%,毛霉属和类拟盘多毛孢属为猕猴桃果实病原菌系首次报道。病原细菌种类有葡萄杆菌(Gluconobacter)、Atlantibacter 和泛菌属(Pantoea),这3个属的细菌在猕猴桃果实病原细菌相关报道中均未见报道。鉴定结果初步锁定了广西猕猴桃果实病害病原菌种类,可为猕猴桃果实病害的预测及综合防治提供理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
结合形态学与分子生物学分析,对采自重庆地区疑似由链格孢菌引起的枇杷叶斑病样品进行病原菌分离鉴定。结果表明,所得病原菌的rDNA-ITS序列与 GenBank中登陆的四株链格孢菌Alternaria alternate（登录号分别为：FJ228163、KT192329、KM100451、KP278185）的相似性均为99%,结合病原菌的菌落、分生孢子形态特征及致病性测定结果,将其鉴定为链格孢菌Alternaria alternate,GenBank登录号为KY397985,并命名为24-CQYB。室内毒力测定结果显示,咪鲜胺、嘧菌酯、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵及苯醚甲环唑等5种杀菌剂对24-CQYB菌株生长均有抑制作用,其中苯醚甲环唑的抑制效果最好,EC50为3.84 mg/L。  相似文献   

7.
球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)Bi05菌株分离自感染白僵病致死的桑天牛幼虫僵体。测试分析白僵菌Bi05菌株对植物病原真菌链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)、茎点霉(Phoma sp.)、拟盘多毛孢菌(Pestalotiopsis funera)、杨树腐烂病菌(Valsa sordida Nits)、曲霉(Aspergillus ruber)、油松枯梢病菌(Sphaeropsis sapinea)的拮抗作用,探究该菌株是否具有防治害虫和植物病害的双重生防功效。在平板对峙培养试验中,白僵菌Bi05菌株对除油松枯梢病菌之外的其余5种病原菌均有一定的抑制作用,对茎点霉、拟盘多毛孢菌、杨树腐烂病菌的抑制率均在50%以上;在白僵菌Bi05菌株孢子悬浮液的抑菌试验中,显示浓度为108m L-1的孢子悬浮液对6种病原菌均有抑制作用,且抑制效果优于平板对峙培养;在Bi05菌株发酵液的抑菌试验中,培养7 d时对茎点霉、拟盘多毛孢菌、杨树腐烂病菌的抑制率分别达到30.67%、41.38%、46.80%。以上试验结果表明,白僵菌Bi05菌株对茎点霉、拟盘多毛孢菌、杨树腐烂病菌有较明显的抑制效果。  相似文献   

8.
贡柑黑腐病是近年来在贡柑上发生的一种新型病害,该病害可导致嫩梢快速枯死,大量嫩叶脱落,严重影响树势和产量。本研究从病区采集发病枝叶,对贡柑黑腐病病原菌进行分离、纯化,并采用rDNA-ITS序列分析技术对其进行分子鉴定。结果表明,贡柑黑腐病病原菌为链格孢属（Alternaria Nees）真菌,rDNA-ITS序列与GenBank中芸薹链格孢菌(Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc.)和柑桔链格孢菌(Alternaria citri Ellis & Everhart)的ITS序列的同源性为99%。结合形态学特征,推断该病原菌为柑桔链格孢菌。  相似文献   

9.
罗布麻斑枯病(Septoria apocyni)是一种严重危害罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)产量和品质的真菌病害,主要危害罗布麻叶片与茎秆,初期叶片形成轮纹状病斑,后期危害茎秆,严重时病斑连接,罗布麻呈烧焦状枯死。本文系统研究了分离自甘肃(GS)和新疆(XJ)罗布麻叶斑病的2株罗布麻壳针孢病原菌的生物学特性,分析不同培养基、酸碱度、温度、光照对菌落生长的影响,筛选罗布麻壳针孢菌的最佳培养条件。结果表明：GS菌株在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基上生长的最好,XJ菌株在10%罗布麻汁液+PDA培养基上生长的最好;该菌在供试的7种培养基上均未产孢;菌落在10～30℃内均能生长,最适生长温度为25℃;在pH 4～10内均能生长,最适生长pH为5～5.5;光暗交替条件下生长最好。研究结果为深入研究该病害提供了依据。  相似文献   

10.
对匍匐翦股颖Agrostis stoloni fera叶斑病的病原菌进行组织分离、培养,确定其病原菌为新月弯孢霉Curvularia lunata(半知菌亚门丝孢纲丝孢菌目暗色菌科弯孢霉属).对其进行生物学特性研究,发现温度、pH值对病原菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发存在着显著影响,光照对病原菌菌丝生长存在显著影响,对孢子萌发无显著影响.其中最适于病原菌菌丝生长的温度为28～31 ℃,pH值为5～6.最适于孢子萌发的温度为31～34 ℃,pH值为5～6.12 h光照交替有利于菌丝的生长.  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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