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1.
火绒草的抗菌活性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
采用试管稀释法，分别测定了火绒草水煎液、水提醇沉液、醇提物、醇提石油醚部分、醇提乙酸乙酯部分、醇提正丁醇部分、醇提水溶部分等7种提取物时大肠杆菌C83882、大肠杆菌C83803、大肠杆菌C83814、沙门氏菌C79-20、金黄色葡萄球菌Newbould S-305、金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株等6株病原菌的最低抑菌浓度（M1C）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。试验结果表明，火绒草醇提物及其石油醚部分和乙酸乙酯部分时两种金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑制作用，其M1C为0．14mg／ml生药浓度，MBC为0．27mg／ml生药浓度，而其它部分时金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用较弱。火绒草醇提正丁醇部分和水溶部分时3株大肠杆菌和1株沙门氏菌具有较强的抑制作用，其MIC为2．70mg／ml生药浓度，MBC为2．70mg／ml生药浓度．显示了较强的抗菌活性。 相似文献
2.
试验以硒化铜粉体作为抗菌剂,选用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为试验菌种,采用抑菌圈法、最低抑菌浓度法、最低杀菌浓度法对纳米材料的抗菌性能进行了定性和定量研究。抑菌圈试验结果表明,硒化铜具有良好的抗菌性能。最低抑菌浓度试验结果表明,硒化铜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度均为30 mg/L。最低杀菌浓度结果表明,硒化铜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低杀菌浓度分别为220,180 mg/L,当达到该浓度时灭菌率均可达到99%以上。 相似文献
3.
选用金银花、连翘、蒲公英等8味中药分别采用乙醇回流法进行提取,用试管二倍稀释法测定来自奶牛乳房炎的3种主要致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、停乳链球菌)的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示,以金银花和连翘对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果最强,MIC值均为15.63mg/mL,其MBC值为31.25mg/mL和62.5mg/mL;芙蓉花对大肠杆菌和无乳链球菌的效果最强,MIC值为31.25mg/mL和15.63mg/mL,MBC值为62.5mg/mL。本试验结果,对临床用药选取合适的中药有直接的指导意义,同时为体内用药的浓度提供参考依据。 相似文献
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研究天然化合物肉桂醛对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌——大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌的抑菌效果。采用试管二倍稀释法测得肉桂醛对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌和标准金黄色葡萄球菌的体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为3.2 mmol/L和1.6 mmol/L;链球菌1.6 mmol/L;大肠杆菌和标准大肠杆菌6.4 mmol/L和3.2 mmol/L,且能完全抑制这三种菌的生长。肉桂醛的最小杀菌浓度(MBC)金黄色葡萄球菌和标准金黄色葡萄球菌分别为25.6 mmol/L和12.8 mmol/L;链球菌12.8 mmol/L;大肠杆菌和标准大肠杆菌25.6 mmol/L和12.8 mmol/L;在7 h内能有效杀灭这三种菌,肉桂醛对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌有抑菌和杀菌能力,是一种潜在的奶牛乳房炎的临床治疗药物。 相似文献
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头孢喹诺对临床分离菌株抗菌活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究旨在评价头孢喹诺对上海市养殖场临床分离菌株的体外抗菌作用,为头孢喹诺的临床使用提供参考依据。从上海市养殖场分离并鉴定大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌各若干株,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定头孢喹诺对各菌株的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,推算MIC50和MIC90,并绘制头孢喹诺对这4种细菌的杀菌动力学曲线。头孢喹诺对金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的MIC50分别为0.063、0.063、0.032、0.125 μg/mL,MIC90分别为0.125、0.125、0.125、0.25 μg/mL;在很小的浓度变化范围内头孢喹诺能够快速抑菌,在抑菌浓度为1倍或2倍MIC时,24 h内能杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌或链球菌、沙门氏菌。头孢喹诺对上述几种临床分离细菌具有很强的抑菌效果和杀菌活性。 相似文献
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Schlegelová J Babák V Klímová E Lukásová J Navrátilová P Sustácková A Sedivá I Rysánek D 《Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health》2002,49(5):216-225
The prevalence of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative (CN) staphylococci, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium and Bacillus cereus, was investigated in 111 bulk milk samples. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 38 samples, CN staphylococci from 63 samples, E. coli from 49 samples, E. faecalis or E. faecium from 107 samples, and L. monocytogenes from two samples. Bacillus cereus was not found in any of the samples and three samples were free of any of the selected species. Sensitivity to the anti-microbial drugs amikacin, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, cephalothin (CLT), cephotaxime, clindamycin, chloramphenicol (CMP), co-trimoxazole, erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, streptomycin (STR), tetracycline (TTC) and vancomycin was tested using the standard dilution technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) characteristics (MIC50, MIC90, MIC range) were determined for each microbial species. Resistance against one or more anti-microbial drugs was found in 93% of S. aureus, 40% of CN staphylococci, 73% of E. coli, 88% of E.faecalis, 55% of E.faecium, and one L. monocytogenes strain. Most of the strains, particularly enterococci, were resistant to STR, TTC, and ERY (MIC50 4 microg/ml). A high percentage of staphylococci were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. High resistance to CLT was found in 11 strains of E. coli (MIC 256 microg/ml) and strains resistant to CMP (MIC90 16 microg/ml) were detected. The highest numbers of resistance phenotypes were found in E. coil (16) and CN staphylococci (12). Eighteen identical resistance phenotypes were demonstrated in indicator bacteria (E. coli, E. faecalis, E. faecium) and pathogens (S. aureus, CN staphylococci) isolated from the same bulk milk sample. The obtained resistance data were matched against the herd owners' information on therapeutic use of the drugs. This confrontation could not explain the findings of strains resistant to ERY or CMP. Our findings are evidence of selection of resistant strains among not only pathogenic agents, but also among indicator bacteria which can become significant carriers of transmissible resistance genes. 相似文献
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采用管碟法、微量稀释法和琼脂平板计数法,测定抑菌圈直径、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC),分析临床分离的大肠杆菌菌株的耐药性,并观察苗药白接骨醇提物对标准大肠杆菌菌株和临床分离的具有耐药性的猪源大肠杆菌菌株的抑菌效果。结果显示,临床分离的大肠杆菌菌株对甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲恶唑、头孢曲松、环丙沙星均无抑菌圈产生,表现多重耐药。而白接骨醇提物对两株细菌的抑菌圈直径分别达到33.20±0.82 mm和33.78±0.38 mm;MIC均为0.78 mg/m L;MBC均为1.56 mg/m L。苗药白接骨醇提物对具有耐药性的猪源大肠杆菌在体外有较好的抑菌效果。 相似文献
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选用紫锥菊、金银花、连翘、紫苏、杜仲叶、黄芪、甘草7 味中药,分别采用75%乙醇回流法提取2 次,浓缩至每毫升含1 g生药,采用试管二倍稀释法测定其对奶牛乳房炎的3 种主要致病菌的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。体外抑菌结果显示：以金银花和甘草对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌效果最强,MIC值均为15.63 mg/mL,MBC值均为31.25 mg/mL;紫锥菊对大肠杆菌的效果最强,MIC值为15.63 mg/mL,MBC值为31.25 mg/mL;金银花和连翘对无乳链球菌抑菌效果最强,MIC值均为31.25 mg/mL,MBC值均为62.50 mg/mL。结果表明：所选中药金银花和甘草对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抑制作用;紫锥菊对大肠杆菌具有抑制作用;金银花和连翘对无乳链球菌具有抑制作用。 相似文献
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为了评价中药及其复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果,取乌梅、五倍子、山茱萸、黄芩等30种中药,通过试管二倍稀释法测定中药水提物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）与最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,并筛选出抗菌作用较强的中药水提物与其他中药水提物组成复方,测定中药复方对大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果。结果表明,五倍子、乌梅、金银花、大青叶、黄芩、薄荷、五味子、青蒿、秦皮对大肠杆菌有明显的抑制作用,其中五倍子对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性最强（MIC为6.25 mg/mL）,而五味子和乌梅对大肠杆菌杀菌活性最强（MBC为50 mg/mL）。选取9种中药水提物作为主药与其他中药水提物分别组成复方后,大部分复方对大肠杆菌的抑制作用明显增强。 相似文献
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This report compares the in vitro activity of three cephalosporins (cephalothin, cefoxitin and ceftriaxone) against 57 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from cows with clinical mastitis on the basis of the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The majority of the S aureus strains showed resistance to cefoxitin and ceftriaxone and sensitivity to cephalothin. The highest MICs and MBCs were found for cefoxitin and ceftriaxone. Antimicrobial tolerance (MBC/MIC greater than or equal to 32:1) was observed in relation to cephalothin and ceftriaxone. The data suggest that these cephalosporins may not be effective for the treatment of staphylococcal bovine mastitis. The precise definition of their antimicrobial efficacies requires more detailed in vitro and in vivo studies. 相似文献
13.
Chockalingam A Zarlenga DS Bannerman DD 《American journal of veterinary research》2007,68(11):1151-1159
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate antimicrobial activity of bovine bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (bBPI)-derived synthetic peptides against mastitis-causing gram-negative bacteria. SAMPLE POPULATION: Bacterial isolates from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis. PROCEDURES: 3 peptides were synthesized with sequences corresponding to amino acids 65 to 99 (bBPI(6,599)) or 142 to 169 (bBPI(142,169)) or the combination of amino acids 90 to 99 and 148 to 161 (bBPI(9,099, 148,161)) of bBPI. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of these peptides against bacterial isolates from cows with mastitis were determined by use of a standardized broth microdilution assay. The ability of these peptides to retain their antimicrobial activity in serum and milk was also evaluated. Finally, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing activity of these peptides was assayed with the Limulus amebocyte lysate test. RESULTS: Of the 3 peptides tested, bBPI(9,099, 148,161) had the widest spectrum of antimicrobial activity, with MIC and MBC values ranging from 16 to 64 Mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter spp and from 64 to 128 Mg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the peptides had any growth-inhibitory effect on Serratia marcescens. The antimicrobial activity of bBPI(9,099, 148,161) was inhibited in milk, but preserved in serum. Finally, bBPI(142,169) and bBPI(9,099, 148,161) completely neutralized LPS. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: bBPI(9,099, 148,161) is a potent neutralizer of the highly proinflammatory molecule bacterial LPS and has antimicrobial activity against a variety of gram-negative bacteria. The ability of bBPI(9099,148161) to retain antimicrobial activity in serum suggests a potential therapeutic application for this peptide in the management of gram-negative septicemia. 相似文献
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16味蒙药对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌O8的体外抑菌效果研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为筛选对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌（S.aureus）和大肠杆菌O8（E.coli O8）具有良好抑菌作用的蒙药,本试验采用牛津杯法测定金银花、黄连、何首乌、地榆、五味子、秦皮、穿心莲、甘草、蒲公英、夏枯草、虎杖、柴胡、黄柏、苦参、石榴皮、板蓝根16味蒙药的抑菌圈直径,微量稀释法和平板法测定蒙药的最小抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC）,棋盘法测定敏感蒙药对E.coli O8和S.aureus的协同指数（fractional inhibitory concentration index,FICI）。结果显示,黄柏、金银花、黄连、五味子、蒲公英、秦皮6味蒙药对S.aureus的抑菌圈直径为10.22~22.44 mm,MIC为15.6~250 mg/mL;五味子、金银花、黄连、秦皮4味蒙药对E.coli O8的抑菌圈直径为11.29~26.41 mm,MIC为15.6~500 mg/mL;黄柏与黄连联合用药对S.aureus的FICI为0.36,为协同作用,黄连与地榆联合用药对E.coli O8的FICI为0.48,为协同作用。综上所述,金银花、黄连、五味子、秦皮、蒲公英、黄柏6味蒙药对S.aureus综合抑菌效果达极敏或高敏;金银花、黄连、五味子、秦皮4味蒙药对E.coli O8综合抑菌效果达极敏或高敏,黄柏、黄连、秦皮在抑制S.aureus的组方中可优先考虑,黄连与地榆在抑制E.coli O8的组方中可优先考虑。 相似文献
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The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ten antimicrobial drugs for 287 S. aureus strains recently isolated from bovine mastitic milk in different herds all over Sweden was determined. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of benzylpenicillin for 20 strains was determined. Thirty strains (10%) produced beta-lactamase. All strains were susceptible to oxacillin and neomycin, and more than 90% to streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline, whereas all were resistant to sulphamethoxazole. None of 20 strains investigated was tolerant to benzylpenicillin. However, S. aureus strains, isolated from bovine milk, should be tested for beta-lactamase production prior to treating mastitic cases with beta-lactam drugs. 相似文献
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Pradofloxacin is a new veterinary 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone developed for use against bacterial infections in dogs and cats involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The minimal bactericidal concentrations have been determined against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus canis, Proteus spp., Fusobacterium spp., Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella species. A subset of these species was selected, and the in vitro rate of kill by pradofloxacin was determined. For 27 of the 30 tested aerobic strains the pradofloxacin MBC was within two doubling dilutions of the MIC. For the remaining strains, the MIC and MBC were within three to four doubling dilutions. Pradofloxacin also demonstrated bactericidal activity against all anaerobic strains, and the MBC was equal to the MIC for four of the strains, within 1 doubling dilution for three strains, within 2 dilutions for a further 3 strains and within 3 dilutions for the remaining five strains. As pradofloxacin concentration was increased, a faster rate of killing was observed; bactericidal effects were seen in all cases at concentrations ≤ 0.25 μg/mL. The bactericidal activity against the anaerobic strains was marked, of particular relevance was the complete absence of regrowth even at 48 h at concentrations as low as 0.125 μg/mL. In conclusion, pradofloxacin exhibits clear bactericidal activity in terms of MBC and kill kinetics against aerobic and anaerobic clinical isolates from dogs and cats at concentrations that are greatly exceeded within the systemic circulation after administration of the recommended therapeutic doses to the target animals. It is expected that such a rapid rate of kill will play a significant role in clinical efficacy. These data demonstrate the complete and rapid killing of anaerobic bacteria by a veterinary 8-cyano-fluoroquinolone. 相似文献
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选用金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)、大肠杆菌(E.coli ATCC 43889)、福氏志贺菌(Shigella flexneri CMCC 51334)3株常见的食源性致病菌,用于测定L-乳酸、D-乳酸的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC),并比较L-乳酸、D-乳酸对3株食源性致病菌抑菌效果差异.结果表明:L-乳酸、D-乳酸对3株食源性致病菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,金黄色葡萄球菌MIC0.1 mg/mL、MBC 3.2 mg/mL,大肠杆菌MIC 0.1 mg/mL、MBC 1.6 mg/mL,福氏志贺菌MIC 0.1 mg/mL、MBC3.2mg/mL.在所选3株指示菌浓度105～106 CFU/mL、乳酸0.2 mg/mL质量浓度下,L-乳酸的抑菌效果显著高于D-乳酸. 相似文献
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为研究板蓝根、五倍子、黄芪等20味苗药及其组方对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和大肠杆菌的体外抑菌效果，本试验通过水煎法、超声水提法、超声醇取法提取苗药及其组方的有效成分，采用二倍稀释法分别测定提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果显示，苗药不同提取方法对其抑菌效果影响不同，单味药效果：超声醇提法 > 超声水提法 > 水煎法。五倍子和仙鹤草超声醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC分别为0.18、0.71和1.43 mg/mL（五倍子）及1.56、3.13和3.13 mg/mL（仙鹤草）；南五味子、乌梅、刺梨、金银花、绵马贯众、杜仲的MIC值高于五倍子和仙鹤草，低于其他12种药，这6种单味苗药超声醇提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC分别为3.69~50.00、3.13~50.00及3.31~66.25 mg/mL。组方药效果结果显示，超声水提法 > 超声醇提法 > 水煎法。组方5超声水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC最低，分别为0.34、2.75和2.75 mg/mL；组方1超声水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的MIC比组方2、3、4低，分别为2.88、5.75和5.75 mg/mL。结果表明，五倍子、仙鹤草及组方5对3种常见致病菌抑菌效果较强，南五味子、乌梅、刺梨、金银花、绵马贯众、杜仲和组方1有一定的抑菌作用，其他苗药的抑菌效果相对较弱。 相似文献
20.
试验根据中兽医治疗奶牛乳房炎的辨证施治原则,筛选出抑制引起奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌（金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌）的最佳中药组方,为其临床防治提供新的途径与方法。选用蒲公英、马齿苋、金银花、紫花地丁、赤芍、白芍、菊花、黄芩、漏芦、红花10味中药,通过L12（211）正交试验初步筛选抗菌中药组方中的最佳优选因素,再通过L16（45）正交试验进一步筛选药物组方配比;采用牛津杯法测定中药组方对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌的体外抑菌效果;采用二倍稀释法和平板计数法分别测定中药组方对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果显示,通过L12（211）正交试验初步筛选出了抗菌中药组方最佳优选因素：赤芍、黄芩、红花、菊花和白芍;L16（45）正交试验进一步筛选药物组方最佳配比为黄芩：赤芍：菊花：白芍：红花=3：3：3：1：2;新药组方对大肠杆菌的抑菌直径为17.39 mm,MIC和MBC分别为62.50、125.00 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌直径为25.44 mm,MIC和MBC均为31.25 mg/mL。本研究成功筛选出了一种对奶牛乳房炎主要致病菌具有良好抑菌、杀菌作用的中药新配比组方。 相似文献