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1.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、孵化性能、生殖器官发育以及血浆和肝脏生化指标的影响。选择288只产蛋率和体重接近的45周龄岭南黄羽肉种母鸡,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10、20、30 mg/kg植物精油。试验期10周。结果显示:1)饲粮中添加植物精油对黄羽肉种鸡的平均日产蛋重、料蛋比、平均蛋重、产蛋率、合格蛋率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)对照组的蛋白高度显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),对照组的哈氏单位显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的蛋壳厚度显著低于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。3)对照组的受精蛋孵化率显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。4)对照组的卵巢系数显著低于10和20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的输卵管重量和输卵管系数显著低于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。5)对照组的血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著高于20 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05),对照组的肝脏甘油三酯含量显著高于10 mg/kg植物精油组(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加植物精油不影响黄羽肉种鸡的产蛋性能,但能够改善蛋品质,提高受精蛋孵化率和生殖器官(输卵管和卵巢)系数,降低血浆低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和肝脏甘油三酯含量。本试验条件下,产蛋期黄羽肉种鸡饲粮植物精油适宜添加水平为10~20 mg/kg。  相似文献   

2.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中硒添加水平对产蛋高峰期临武鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清抗氧化指标和蛋硒含量动态变化的影响。试验选用29周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的正处于产蛋高峰期的临武鸭200只,随机分为5组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外补充硒源,实测硒含量为0.15 mg/kg)45 d,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组分别在基础饲粮中以酵母硒形式添加0.10、0.20、0.40、0.80 mg/kg的硒,饲喂35 d添加硒饲粮后改喂基础饲粮10 d。结果显示:1)饲粮中硒添加水平对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质各指标均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)与对照组和Ⅰ组相比,饲粮中添加0.40和0.80 mg/kg的硒可以显著提高蛋鸭血清中硒和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05),显著降低血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P0.05)。3)随试验天数的增加,对照组和Ⅰ组蛋硒含量无显著变化(P0.05),而Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组蛋硒含量均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且均在试验第9天达到峰值。试验第7、9、13、17、21、28和35天,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P0.05);停喂添加硒饲粮的第1~4天,Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组蛋硒含量仍显著高于对照组(P0.05);停喂添加硒饲粮的第5~8天,Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组蛋硒含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);停喂添加硒饲粮的第9天,各试验组蛋硒含量均衰减至与对照组相同水平(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加不同水平的酵母硒形式的硒对产蛋高峰期临武鸭的产蛋性能和蛋品质均无不良影响。饲粮中添加0.40和0.80 mg/kg酵母硒形式的硒可以提高产蛋高峰期临武鸭的蛋硒含量、血清硒含量和抗氧化能力,延长蛋硒的存留时效。综合考虑各因素,产蛋高峰期临武鸭饲粮中硒(以酵母硒形式添加)的适宜添加水平为0.40 mg/kg。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究不同形式蛋氨酸对肉种鸡生产性能、免疫指标及抗氧化功能的影响。试验选取39周龄岭南黄肉用种母鸡360只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复30只。对照组为蛋氨酸缺乏组,饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加了蛋氨酸有效含量为0.10%的DL-蛋氨酸(DLM)、羟基蛋氨酸钙(MHA-Ca)和包膜蛋氨酸(CME)的试验饲粮。结果表明:1)添加3种形式蛋氨酸均有提高肉种鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重并降低料蛋比的趋势,其中CME组产蛋率和周均总蛋重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),料蛋比显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2)CME组较对照组显著提高了肉种鸡血清免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M、补体3、补体4含量(P<0.05),较DLM和MHA-Ca组显著提高了血清免疫球蛋白G和补体4含量(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,不同形式蛋氨酸均能增强肉种鸡机体的抗氧化功能,显著提高了肝脏、肾脏组织谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低了丙二醛含量(P<0.05),其中以CME组效果最佳。由此可见,在本试验条件下,3种形式蛋氨酸中以CME对肉种鸡生产性能、免疫指标及抗氧化功能效果最佳。  相似文献   

4.
本试验旨在研究不同水平菜籽粕对大恒肉种鸡生产性能和孵化性能的影响。选择大恒肉种鸡120只,随机分成4个处理(每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡),对照组日粮为玉米-豆粕型日粮,试验组日粮为玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕型日粮,菜籽粕水平分别为4%、8%和12%,试验期6周。结果表明:在日粮中添加4%、8%和12%菜籽粕对大恒肉种鸡的产蛋率和蛋重均无显著影响;试验组的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数和哈氏单位与对照组无显著差异(P0.05);试验组的种蛋合格率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率与对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05);添加4%和12%菜籽粕组的入孵蛋受精率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,在大恒肉种鸡日粮中添加12%双低菜籽粕是可行的,且添加菜籽粕可提高大恒肉种鸡的种蛋受精率。  相似文献   

5.
为了研究微囊丁酸钠对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能和繁殖性能的影响,试验选用6 732只42～45周龄的黄羽肉种鸡,按照初始周龄无差异原则随机平均分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复1 122只黄羽肉种鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,微囊丁酸钠组在基础饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠500 mg/kg。试验分为两个阶段：预饲期4周,试验期9周,共13周。结果表明：(1)与对照组相比,微囊丁酸钠组黄羽肉种鸡各周平均产蛋率和1～9周平均产蛋率均显著提高（P<0.05）,且1～9周平均产蛋率较对照组提高6.63%;(2)与对照组相比,微囊丁酸钠组种蛋活胚率和孵化率显著提高（P<0.05）,活胚出苗数提高2.25只。综上所述,饲粮中添加微囊丁酸钠500 mg/kg能够提高黄羽肉种鸡的产蛋性能和繁殖性能,增加经济效益。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮添加不同水平羟基蛋氨酸锌(MHA-Zn)对产蛋后期肉种母鸡生产性能、养分利用率和抗氧化性能的影响。选取56周龄哈伯德肉种母鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。预试期2周,各组均饲喂不补充锌的基础饲粮。正试期10周,对照组在基础饲粮(锌含量27.81 mg/kg)中添加100 mg/kg硫酸锌(以锌元素计),试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加25、50、75和100 mg/kg MHA-Zn(以锌元素计)。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,75和100 mg/kg MHA-Zn添加组肉种母鸡产蛋率显著提高(P0.05);50、75和100 mg/kg MHA-Zn添加组平均蛋重显著提高(P0.05),料蛋比显著降低(P0.05);饲粮添加不同水平MHA-Zn替代硫酸锌有降低产蛋后期肉种母鸡破蛋率的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮添加不同水平MHA-Zn对产蛋后期肉种母鸡钙表观利用率有不同程度升高,其中100 mg/kg MHA-Zn添加组钙利用率显著提高(P0.05);试验组锌表观利用率和血清锌含量有升高趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮添加50、75和100 mg/kg MHA-Zn显著降低产蛋后期肉种母鸡血清丙二醛含量(P0.05),饲粮添加75和100 mg/kg MHA-Zn显著提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中MHA-Zn的添加水平为75 mg/kg时经济效益最佳。由此可见,饲粮添加适宜水平MHA-Zn替代硫酸锌能够改善产蛋后期肉种母鸡生产性能和养分利用率,并且提高血清和肝脏抗氧化能力;本试验条件下,最佳的MHA-Zn添加水平为75 mg/kg。  相似文献   

7.
选择190日龄健康开产贵州黄母鸡96只,公鸡12只,随机分为两组(每组母鸡48只,公鸡6只),组1为对照组,饲以基础日粮;组2为试验组,饲以含有机硒基础日粮(含硒量为0.5mg/kg)。试验结果表明:含硒日粮对种鸡的受精率、受精蛋孵化率、入孵蛋孵化率、早期死胚率和健雏率均有所改善,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);后期死胚率组2极显著低于组1(P<0.05);试验组蛋重和哈氏单位均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在比较酵母硒和亚硒酸钠对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和蛋硒含量的影响,以确定能够替代亚硒酸钠的酵母硒适宜使用量。试验选用30周龄体况良好、产蛋率接近的健康海兰褐蛋鸡360只,随机分成5个组,每组6个重复,每个重复12只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不额外添加硒源),试验组饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加0.30 mg/kg硒的亚硒酸钠以及0.10、0.20和0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒(试验饲粮中实测硒含量分别为0.176、0.342、0.278、0.302、0.359 mg/kg)。预试期14 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:1)各试验组产蛋率、平均蛋重、平均日产蛋重、平均日采食量、料蛋比和蛋品质与对照组相比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。2)亚硒酸钠组和酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);酵母硒组蛋硒含量均显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05),并随酵母硒添加量的增加显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,相对于亚硒酸钠,蛋鸡对酵母硒吸收和向鸡蛋中的转移效率更高;饲粮添加硒能显著提高蛋硒含量,且蛋硒含量随着酵母硒添加量的增加而增加;饲粮中添加0.10~0.30 mg/kg硒的酵母硒对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质无不良影响。  相似文献   

9.
γ-氨基丁酸对热应激肉种鸡产蛋性能和繁殖性能的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本试验旨在研究γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)对热应激条件下肉种鸡产蛋性能和繁殖性能的影响,并从血清抗氧化和免疫功能及肝功能相关酶活等方面探讨其作用机理。选取360只28周龄岭南黄肉种鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只鸡,分别在基础饲粮添加0(对照)、25、50、75 mg/kg GABA。预试期14 d,正试期56 d。结果显示:与对照组比,1)添加75 mg/kg GABA显著提高了肉种鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重和料蛋比(P<0.05),并显著提高了种蛋的受精率、孵化率、雏鸡初生重(P<0.05)及出雏率(P<0.01);添加25和50 mg/kg GABA也显著提高了种蛋孵化率和出雏率(P<0.05),添加25 mg/kg GABA还显著提高了雏鸡初生重(P<0.05)。2)添加75 mg/kg GABA显著提高了血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)及补体C4含量(P<0.05);添加25 mg/kg GABA也显著提高了血清IgM含量(P<0.05)。3)添加75 mg/kg GABA显著提高了血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05)及总抗氧化能力(P<0.01),降低了血清丙二醛浓度(P<0.01);添加25 mg/kg GABA也显著降低了血清丙二醛浓度(P<0.05)。结果提示,饲粮中添加GABA具有提高热应激条件下肉种鸡产蛋性能和繁殖性能的作用。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在通过探究饲粮维生素A添加量对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、生殖器官发育、激素水平、种蛋品质、孵化性能及后代鸡生长性能的影响,确立黄羽肉种鸡饲粮中维生素A最适添加量。试验采用单因素随机分组设计,选用512只25周龄快大型岭南黄羽肉种鸡,根据体重和产蛋率一致原则分为4个组,每组8个重复,每个重复16只,各组分别饲喂添加0(对照组)、10 800、21 600、32 400 IU/kg维生素A的试验饲粮,试验期12周。种鸡饲养试验结束后选取种蛋孵化,子代肉鸡按照种鸡的组别进行分组分栏饲喂(基础饲粮中含15 000 IU/kg维生素A),试验期21 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮添加10 800～32 400 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了种鸡的产蛋率(P0.05),并显著降低了料蛋比(P0.05);饲粮维生素A添加量未对试验鸡生殖器官发育产生显著影响(P0.05);饲粮添加10 800 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了血浆雌激素(E2)含量(P0.05),添加21 600、32 400 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了血浆孕酮(PRG)含量(P0.05),添加10 800、32 400 IU/kg维生素A提高了血浆促卵泡激素(FSH)含量(P0.05);添加10 800、21 600 IU/kg维生素A显著增加了蛋形指数(P0.05),添加10 800～32 400 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了蛋黄色泽(P0.05);随着饲粮维生素A添加量升高,种鸡肝脏与种蛋蛋黄中视黄醇含量均显著上升(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,种鸡饲粮添加10 800 IU/kg维生素A雏鸡平均出壳重显著提高(P0.05);种鸡饲粮添加10 800～32 400 IU/kg维生素A显著提高了子代鸡生长末重、平均日增重与平均日采食量(P0.05)。在本试验条件下,饲粮维生素A添加量影响快大型黄羽肉种鸡产蛋性能、种蛋品质、孵化性能、血浆激素含量、后代鸡生长性能及种鸡肝脏与种蛋蛋黄中的视黄醇含量。通过回归模型估测得到,以产蛋性能、种蛋品质、子代肉鸡生长性能为评价指标,快大型黄羽肉种鸡饲粮最适维生素A添加量分别为18 121～20 251 IU/kg、16 600～20 046 IU/kg、25 113～31 069 IU/kg。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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