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氨基酸螯合铁在养猪生产中的应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铁是动物必需的一种微量元素 ,从母乳中摄入的铁不能满足仔猪的正常需要 ,若无有效补铁途径 ,仔猪极易发生贫血 ,同时也易感染其它疾病。与无机铁和简单有机铁添加剂相比 ,氨基酸螯合铁具有生物学效价高、环境污染小、安全性高等优点。本文对氨基酸螯合铁的吸收机制、生物学效价、跟其它微量元素吸收的关系及其应用效果等方面作一综述 相似文献
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铁是畜禽必需的微量元素,机体铁含量直接影响猪的生长发育,新生仔猪需要及时补充铁元素才能防止其贫血。随着饲料、营养科技的进步,尽管很多研究试图通过在母猪日粮中添加高剂量有机铁来防止仔猪贫血,从而省去或减少肌注补铁,但在养猪生产上防止新生仔猪贫血的首选依然是肌注补铁。因此,文章综述了新生仔猪缺铁性贫血的原因及肌注补铁的铁源、剂量、时间以及肌注补铁是否可被口服补铁替代等方面内容,旨在为养猪生产中如何防止仔猪贫血提供一些理论依据。 相似文献
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铁是动物必需的一种微量元素,室内养殖的仔猪若无有效补铁最容易发生缺铁性贫血,其原因在于：存在胎盘屏障和乳腺屏障;常乳中乳铁的含量无法满足仔猪生长发育的需要;初生仔猪生长强度大,加大了铁的需要量;集约化养猪改变了过去传统的饲养方式,减少了仔猪同土壤中及母猪粪便中铁接触的机会,最终导致仔猪贫血。仔猪贫血发病率高达30%~50%,病死率15%~20%,造成巨大的经济损失。氨基酸螯合铁作为一种新型绿色饲料添加剂,在动物微量元素营养研究领域受到了广泛的重视,具有潜在的应用价值。而通过母猪间接给仔猪补铁,无疑是一种方便快捷、避免仔猪应激和提高环境保护的具有重要作用的方法。介绍仔猪缺铁的原因及对仔猪缺铁性贫血的预防,对当前的热点—氨基酸螯合铁的研究现状做了详细的综述。 相似文献
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铁是仔猪必需微量元素，在仔猪体内起着重要的生理作用。本文主要对仔猪体内铁的含量、分布、存在形式、营养生理功能、补铁制剂分类和补铁的方法作一综述。 相似文献
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铁是动物必需的一种微量元素,室内养殖的仔猪若无有效补铁最容易发生缺铁性贫血,其原因在于:存在胎盘屏障和乳腺屏障;常乳中乳铁的含量无法满足仔猪生长发育的需要;初生仔猪生长强度大,加大了铁的需要量;集约化养猪改变了过去传统的饲养方式,减少了仔猪同土壤中及母猪粪便中铁接触的机会,最终导致仔猪贫血.仔猪贫血发病率高达30％～50％,病死率15 ％～20％,造成巨大的经济损失.氨基酸螯合铁作为一种新型绿色饲料添加剂,在动物微量元素营养研究领域受到了广泛的重视,具有潜在的应用价值.而通过母猪间接给仔猪补铁,无疑是一种方便快捷、避免仔猪应激和提高环境保护的具有重要作用的方法.介绍仔猪缺铁的原因及对仔猪缺铁性贫血的预防,对当前的热点—氨基酸螯合铁的研究现状做了详细的综述. 相似文献
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氨基酸螯合铁与仔猪补铁 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
铁在动物营养中是最重要的微量元素之一。它是红细胞中血红蛋白的组成成分 ,保证氧在机体内的正常运输 ;它以肌红蛋白形式存在于肌肉中 ,以乳铁蛋白形式存在于乳中 ,以铁蛋白和含铁血黄素形式存在于肝中。铁在动物体内还作为多种酶的组成成分影响能量代谢、蛋白质合成和免疫机能。因此 ,铁是仔猪出生后快速发育及维持身体代谢与生理作用所必需的重要元素。1 仔猪贫血及常规补铁由于母猪体内铁转运系统中存在胎盘屏障和乳腺屏障 ,致使初生仔猪体内铁贮较低 (仅2 9ｍｇ/ｇ无脂肪组织 ) ,同时 ,母猪乳汁中铁的含量很低 (1 3 3ｍｇ/Ｌ)。仔猪… 相似文献
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微量元素是动物生命过程中必需的营养素之一。随着集约化养殖的快速发展，水产动物仅从水中吸收微量元素不能满足机体正常生命活动的需要。为了补充动物生长过程中所需微量元素的不足，必需在饲料中添加微量元素。在饲料发展过程中，微量元素的添加形式经历了三个阶段的发展： 相似文献
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铁是动物体所必需的一种微量元素,初生仔猪体内贮铁量只有40～50mg,但仔猪早期生长快,每头每天约需7mg,而母猪每天只能为每头仔猪提供1mg,所以远远不能满足仔猪生长发育的需要,在圈养条件下,很快即出现缺铁性贫血。1955年人们开始应用肌注补铁剂防止仔猪缺铁性贫血。近年来,补铁剂已逐渐成为许多大型种猪场防治仔猪缺铁性贫血、促进生长的常规技术。目前,注射用铁制剂的种类很多,方式多样,效果不一。本文仅介绍牲血素补铁方法。1 补铁剂 牲血素注射液,广西生产,含铁150mg/ml,为浓稠浆油状液体。2 补铁方法 1999年6月～1999年10月,在治平… 相似文献
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铁是动物必需的一种微量元素，室内养殖的仔猪若无有效补铁极易发生贫血。本文介绍了仔猪缺铁的原因，以及对仔猪缺铁性贫血的预防，对当前的热点——氨基酸螫合铁的研究现状做了详细的综述。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献