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玉米果穗籽粒组砌规律对其离散效果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为深入了解玉米果穗籽粒组砌规律对其离散效果的影响机理,以浚单20、北青210两个品种为研究对象,进行了在不同冲击缝隙、不同冲击部位下的冲击试验。试验结果表明:玉米果穗组砌规律对试验指标的影响很大:冲击头作用于对立缝隙A中比作用于交错缝隙B中易于籽粒离散,且承受的最大冲击力值小,籽粒损伤数也小;果穗中部籽粒严格遵循组砌规律,冲击头冲击时,力在传递中易于被快速传递消耗,能承受的冲击力最大,离散籽粒数适中,损伤籽粒数少;下部籽粒受纵行合流影响,不是严格遵循果穗籽粒的组砌规律,在承载冲击力方面较中部减小,但下部籽粒比中部籽粒尺寸小,能离散籽粒数比中部多;上部不仅受纵行合流影响,而且受上部籽粒不规则的影响,在承载冲击力方面最小,且离散籽粒数也最少。研究成果可为进一步研究低损伤脱粒方法提供理论参考。 相似文献
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玉米果穗喂入形式与籽粒破碎率的关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为降低玉米籽粒脱粒过程中的机械损伤,掌握玉米果穗在不同籽粒含水率、不同喂入形式和不同脱粒辊转速下在双喂入口脱粒装置上与玉米籽粒破碎率的关系,对不同含水率的玉米穗进行了不同喂入形式和不同脱粒辊转速的脱粒试验。分析结果表明：籽粒含水率25％时,籽粒破碎率明显高于含水率13．5％的值;玉米穗从A喂入口喂入是以冲击脱粒方式为主,玉米籽粒破碎率高;从B喂入口喂入是以差速脱粒方式为主,玉米籽粒破碎率低;在同一含水率下,从A喂入口与B喂入口喂入,籽粒破碎率都随脱粒辊转速的增加而增加。研究成果为改进脱粒工艺和减少玉米破碎提供了依据。 相似文献
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玉米种子仿生脱粒机设计与试验 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为解决玉米种子脱粒过程中籽粒损伤严重的问题,根据鸡喙优良的切入籽粒间隙无损伤离散大片籽粒的能力,以及裸手差速低损伤脱粒的特性,设计了新型玉米种子仿生脱粒机,主要包括离散辊、脱粒辊、差速辊等。并对仿生脱粒机与TY-4.5型玉米脱粒机进行对比试验,结果显示:对郑单958玉米果穗,仿生脱粒机未脱净率为0.30%,破损率为0.31%,且玉米芯完整无破损;TY-4.5型脱粒机未脱净率为0.29%,破损率为0.90%,玉米芯破损严重。对先玉335玉米果穗,仿生脱粒机未脱净率为0.05%,破损率为0.35%,玉米芯完整无破损;TY-4.5型脱粒机未脱净率为0.09%,破损率为0.95%,玉米芯破损严重。在两机未脱净率相近情况下,玉米仿生脱粒机籽粒破损率较TY-4.5型脱粒机明显偏低,玉米芯无破损,含杂少,可用于种子玉米果穗脱粒。 相似文献
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籽粒收获是我国玉米收获发展方向,但黄淮海地区高含水率夏玉米脱粒收获时籽粒破碎率、损失率和含杂率高。为推动高含水率玉米籽粒收获机械化进程,研制一种智能玉米籽粒联合收获机,设计一种低损摘穗与秸秆处理一体化割台,通过摘穗板间隙、拉茎辊转速、割台高度等主要参数调整,实现割台高效低损摘穗;设计一种适于高含水率玉米的纵轴流脱粒滚筒结构,通过优化脱粒滚筒、分离凹板和顶盖结构,调整脱粒系统工作参数,提高脱净率,降低破碎率;开发玉米收获机精准智能控制系统,集成导航定位、基准行自动引导作业、割台高度自动仿形、关键部件转速实时监测、故障报警等技术。田间试验表明:该机生产率0.73 hm~2/h,总损失率1.32%,籽粒破碎率4.47%,籽粒含杂率2.1%,满足设计与使用要求。 相似文献
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浮动式玉米单穗脱粒装置设计与试验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为实现玉米脱粒机脱粒间隙可自动调节,减小玉米脱粒过程中的机械损伤,设计了浮动式玉米单穗脱粒装置。该脱粒装置主要由间隙浮动调节装置、喂入料斗、离散辊、脱粒辊和差速辊等组成,具有脱粒间隙自动调节和玉米果穗喂入自动分离、逐个排出功能。选取离散辊转速、脱粒辊转速和差速辊转速为试验因素,以玉米籽粒的破损率和未脱净率为试验指标,采用二次回归正交旋转组合的试验方法,对浮动式玉米单穗脱粒装置进行了参数优化试验。优化结果为:离散辊转速为234 r/min、脱粒辊转速为511 r/min、差速辊转速为91 r/min,在最优参数组合下的实际籽粒破损率为0.25%、未脱净率为0.76%、玉米芯完整度为100%。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献