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Infectious cDNA clones of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and their potential as vaccine vectors 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Full-length infectious cDNA clones have recently become available for both European and North American genotypes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and it is now possible to alter the PRRSV genome and create genetically defined mutant viruses. Among many possible applications of the PRRSV infectious cDNA clones, development of genetically modified vaccines is of particular interest. Using infectious clones, the PRRSV genome has been manipulated by changing individual amino acids, deleting coding regions, inserting foreign sequences, and generating arterivirus chimeras. The limited available data suggest that all structural proteins of PRRSV are essential for replication of the virus, and that PRRSV infectivity is relatively intolerant of subtle changes within the structural proteins. The major tasks in PRRSV research are to identify virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms, and to understand the structure-function relationships of individual viral proteins. Utilizing these infectious clones as tools, a new generation of safe and efficacious PRRS vaccines may be constructed. 相似文献
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Christian Savard Fernando Alvarez Chantale Provost Younes Chorfi Sylvie D’Allaire Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano Carl A. Gagnon 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2016,80(1):1-11
Vaccination is a useful option to control infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and several modified live-PRRSV vaccines have been developed. These vaccines have shown some efficacy in reducing the incidence and severity of clinical disease as well as the duration of viremia and virus shedding but have failed to provide sterilizing immunity. The efficacy of modified live-virus (MLV) vaccines is greater against a homologous strain compared with heterologous PRRSV strains. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Fostera PRRS MLV vaccine in protecting against challenge with a heterologous field strain widely circulating in the swine herds of eastern Canada. Forty-six piglets were divided into 4 groups: nonvaccinated-nonchallenged; nonvaccinated-challenged; vaccinated-challenged; and vaccinated-nonchallenged. The animals were vaccinated at 23 d of age with Fostera PRRS and challenged 23 d later with a heterologous field strain of PRRSV (FMV12-1425619). Overall, the vaccine showed some beneficial effects in the challenged animals by reducing the severity of clinical signs and the viral load. A significant difference between nonvaccinated and vaccinated animals was detected for some parameters starting 11 to 13 d after challenge, which suggested that the cell-mediated immune response or other delayed responses could be more important than pre-existing PRRSV antibodies in vaccinated animals within the context of protection against heterologous strains. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the microbial ecology and vaccination strategies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in field condition. Four representative farms with a history of PRRS were included in this study. Over the almost 3-year period, the average detection rate was 68.9%, making PRRSV the first most frequently detected virus, followed by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) (64.2%), pseudorabies virus (PRV) (11.03%) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) (4.41%). Streptococcus suis (77.92%), Haemophilus parasuis (51.25%) and Escherichia coli (52.39%), Pasteurella multocida (26.77%) were isolated most frequently in association with PRRSV. Under the present microbial ecology, production performances of sows their offspring after mass vaccination with a PRRS attenuated vaccine were evaluated. In addition, large scale PRRS vaccines usage and efficacy were further performed. The results indicated that mass vaccination following our immunization program can improve health status and production performances of both sows (2ml/i.m. booster after 4 weeks, and then immunized quarterly) and their offsprings (1ml/i.m. on 14-18 days of age). 相似文献
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Immunopathogenesis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in the respiratory tract of pigs
Jaime Gómez-Laguna Francisco J. Salguero Francisco J. Pallarés Librado Carrasco 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(2):148-155
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) impairs local pulmonary immune responses by damaging the mucociliary transport system, impairing the function of porcine alveolar macrophages and inducing apoptosis of immune cells. An imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10, in PRRS may impair the immune response of the lung. Pulmonary macrophage subpopulations have a range of susceptibilities to different PRRSV strains and different capacities to express cytokines. Infection with PRRSV decreases the bactericidal activity of macrophages, which increases susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. PRRSV infection is associated with an increase in concentrations of haptoglobin, which may interact with the virus receptor (CD163) and induce the synthesis of anti-inflammatory mediators. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines modulates the expression of CD163, which may affect the pathogenicity and replication of the virus in different tissues. With the emergence of highly pathogenic PRRSV, there is a need for more information on the immunopathogenesis of different strains of PRRS, particularly to develop more effective vaccines. 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒对动物机体免疫机制的挑战 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)是猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的一种病毒性传染病,对养猪业造成严重威胁.对PRRSV的研究是兽医免疫学中最具挑战性的课题之一,至今人们对PRRSV所引起的免疫应答过程仍不十分了解.通过对PRRS的研究中获得的知识及存在问题的回顾,会对今后研究PRRS疫苗起到一定的推动作用.论文对PRRSV的获得性免疫反应、PRRSV的免疫调节及免疫逃逸、PRRSV的遗传多样性及其对疫苗开发的影响、现有疫苗防控措施、PRRSV疫苗的发展前景等方面的研究进展做了简要概述. 相似文献
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王辉 《中国动物传染病学报》2021,(1):114-118
猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)又称猪"蓝耳病",是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起的以种猪群繁殖障碍,仔猪、生长育肥猪群呼吸道问题为特点,严重危害养猪业的重要病毒性疾病,给全世界养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失.自从2006年暴发高致病性PRRSV以来,PRRSV在国内不断变异演化,田间流行的毒株经常发生重组或变异... 相似文献
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Zhou F Liang S Chen AH Singh CO Bhaskar R Niu YS Miao YG 《Veterinary research communications》2012,36(2):99-105
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is now considered to be one of the most important diseases in countries with intensive swine industries. The two major membrane-associated proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), GP5 and M (encoded by ORF5 and ORF6 genes, respectively), are associated as disulfide-linked heterodimers (GP5/M) in the virus particle. In this study, we designed 5 of the small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the GP5 and M gene of PRRSV respectively, and investigated their inhibition to the production of PRRSV. The highest activity displayed in shRNAs of the ORF6e sequence (nts 261-279), which the inhibition rate reached was 99.09%. The result suggests that RNAi technology might serve as a potential molecular strategy for PRRSV therapy. Furthermore, the transgenic Marc-145 cell line of piggyBac transposon-derived targeting shRNA interference against PRRS virus was established. It presented stable inhibition to the replication and amplification of PRRS. The work implied that shRNAs targeting the GP5 and M gene of PRRSV may be used as potential RNA vaccines in vivo, and supplied the screening methods of transformed pig embryonic fibroblast which are prerequisite for the disease-resistant transgenic pigs to PRRS. 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）属动脉炎病毒科,动脉炎病毒属,感染猪可引起猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征,是一种危害严重的病毒。本文综述了近年来PRRSV与宿主细胞间关系及其致病机制方面的研究进展,并对预防猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的几种疫苗的研制及特点进行了比较分析,为今后猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的控制提供参考。 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)是猪的一种严重的传染性疾病,其长年流行给养猪业造成重大经济损失。接种弱毒疫苗或灭活疫苗是控制PRRS的首选策略,但在现有技术水平下,由于疫苗毒株存在免疫抑制等因素,预防效果不理想。因而,深入研究PRRSV感染和/或接种疫苗后的免疫学应答机理是研究开发新型高效疫苗的必然基础。作者回顾性地综述感染PRRSV或接种PRRSV疫苗后宿主产生细胞因子的动态规律,探讨猪体防御PRRS的机制及开发新型高效疫苗的新思路。 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, PRRS)是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRS virus, PRRSV)引起的一种高度接触性传染病，严重危害我国乃至世界养猪业。然而由于PRRSV抗原的多变性，目前包括疫苗接种、药物治疗等在内的防治措施效果不佳。因此，随着现代分子生物学技术的不断发展，基于基因编辑技术对猪PRRS的抗病育种逐渐发展起来。本文简述了PRRS的临床症状，重点回顾了国内外PRRS抗病育种研究进展，通过分析PRRS的致病机制，重点阐述了PRRSV受体及针对不同受体进行编辑的体内及体外抗病毒效果，以期为未来深入研究PRRSV致病机制、开发PRRS抗病品种提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Francisco Javier Martínez-Lobo Laura Carrascosa de Lome Francisco Díez-Fuertes Joaquim Segalés Carlos García-Artiga Isabel Simarro José María Castro Cinta Prieto 《Veterinary research》2013,44(1):115
The objective of this study was to compare the safety of all modified live virus vaccines commercially available in Europe against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) under the same experimental conditions. For this purpose, one hundred and twenty three-week-old piglets, divided into five groups, were used. On day 0 of the experiment, nine pigs per group were removed and the remaining fifteen were vaccinated with the commercial vaccines Ingelvac PRRS MLV, Amervac PRRS, Pyrsvac-183 and Porcilis PRRS by the IM route or were mock vaccinated and used as controls. On day 3, the nine unvaccinated pigs were re-introduced into their respective groups and served as sentinel pigs. Clinical signs were recorded daily and lung lesions were determined on days 7, 14 and 21, when 5 vaccinated pigs per group were euthanized. Blood samples and swabs were taken every three days and different organs were collected at necropsy to determine the presence of PRRSV. None of the vaccines studied caused detectable clinical signs in vaccinated pigs although lung lesions were found. Altogether, these results indicate that all vaccines can be considered clinically safe. However, some differences were found in virological parameters. Thus, neither Pyrsvac-183 nor Porcilis PRRS could be detected in porcine alveolar macrophage (PAM) cultures or in lung sections used to determine PRRSV by immunohistochemistry, indicating that these viruses might have lost their ability to replicate in PAM. This inability to replicate in PAM might be related to the lower transmission rate and the delay in the onset of viremia observed in these groups 相似文献
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为了解福建省某规模化猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的流行情况和基因变异情况,从该猪场采集9份疑似感染PRRSV的猪病料进行病毒分离及分离毒株ORF5、ORF7基因扩增。结果显示,所测9个PRRSV中仅W9-2和W9-3等2株的ORF5、ORF7的核苷酸序列同源性均为100%,其他7个毒株(C1-3、C4-6、C7-9、C10-13、W7-2、W7-4和W10-1)的ORF5、ORF7核苷酸序列同源性分别为83.3%~99.2%和88.4%~100%,与参考毒株核苷酸同源性分别为78.3%~96.2%和87.9%~99.7%,表明规模化猪场至少存在8种毒株。基于ORF5和ORF7序列构建的遗传进化树显示,C1-3、C4-6、C7-9和C10-13等4个毒株为来源于NADC30-like PRRSV与HP-PRRSV的重组毒株,而W7-2、W7-4、W9-2、W9-3和W10-1等5个毒株属于NADC30-like PRRSV。说明该规模化猪场存在多种PRSSV毒株,给该猪场防控PRRS带来严峻挑战,研究结果可为PRRS的防控和新型疫苗的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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The challenge of PRRS immunology 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most challenging subjects of research in veterinary viral immunology, and the immune response against PRRS virus (PRRSV) still is poorly understood. Infected pigs develop a strong and rapid humoral response but these initial antibodies do not confer protection and can even be harmful by mediating an antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. In contrast, development of neutralising antibodies (NAs) is delayed and generation of cell-mediated immune responses, such as PRRSV-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma secreting cells, is initially erratic. In spite of this, induction of strong and rapid NAs and IFN-gamma responses seem to be required for effective vaccination. PRRSV strongly modulates the host's immune responses. The virus inhibits key cytokines, such as IFN-alpha, and may induce regulatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10. Development of NAs seems to be impaired by the existence of a decoy epitope close to the main neutralisation epitope in glycoprotein 5. This ability to modulate the host immune response probably varies among strains or isolates. The genetic diversity of the virus is very high and it has been shown that this diversity can have serious implications for the development of vaccines, since the immunity induced by one strain may be only partial against a different strain, even within the same genotype. With this panorama, the development of newer and universally efficacious PRRSV vaccines is challenging, but the present state of knowledge allows optimism if collaborative efforts are undertaken in the scientific community. 相似文献
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猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS)是一种主要表现为母猪繁殖障碍与仔猪呼吸道症状的传染病。近年来,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)变异株不断出现,免疫逃避及持续性感染使得猪群发病率或复发率均相继增高,给养猪业带来了巨大的损失。目前所采用的胃肠道途径接种活疫苗或灭活疫苗的方法无法诱导对猪群的全面保护作用。为减少养猪业的经济损失,亟需研制新防制方法和新疫苗接种途径。作者主要从黏膜免疫的免疫部位、呼吸道保护性黏膜免疫反应诱导、黏膜免疫途径、佐剂的选择及病毒的免疫抑制反应等方面简要论述了有效防制PRRSV的黏膜免疫方法的研究进展,为进一步了解黏膜免疫抵御PRRSV突变株感染及黏膜疫苗研制等方面提供有用的信息。 相似文献
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Molecular characterization of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) viruses and comparison to other Asian PRRS viruses 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Cha SH Choi EJ Park JH Yoon SR Song JY Kwon JH Song HJ Yoon KJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,117(2-4):248-257
Twenty-eight PRRS viruses (PRRSVs) isolated from various pig farms in Korea between 2002 and 2003 were sequenced for open-reading frame (ORF) 5 and/or full-length genome and compared with numerous PRRSVs reported from North America, Europe and Asia. All Korean isolates examined were genetically of the North American genotype. The ORF5 sequence of one isolate was identical to Ingelvac PRRS MLV vaccine virus. ORF5 nucleotide sequence divergence of the remaining 27 Korean PRRSVs from VR-2332, the prototype of the North American PRRSV and parental strain of the MLV vaccine virus, ranged from 1.3% to 12.9%, which corresponded to 2.0% to 14.9% divergence at the amino acid level, raising a concern on the efficacy of the MLV vaccine. Phylogenetic analyses of ORF5 and/or full-length sequences revealed that the Korean PRRSVs formed a clade distinct from PRRSVs reported from other Asian countries (China, Taiwan, Japan, and Thailand). Our study demonstrated that PRRSVs of the North American genotype were introduced to the Korean swine population some time ago and have evolved independently from PRRSV in other Asian countries, suggesting that geographic separation might influence the molecular evolution of PRRSV. This should be taken into consideration when a national PRRS prevention and control policy for international trade is established. 相似文献