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针对现有深松灭茬机深松灭茬作业效果差、阻力大、功耗大及作业效率低等问题,设计了一种五行垄上深松灭茬起垄机。设计深松铲的结构参数为:长度55mm,宽度22mm,高度600mm,圆弧部分入土竖直距离250mm,纵向距离300mm,入土角22°,切削刃角60°,楔刃高度19mm。设计灭茬刀的结构参数为:正切刃滑切角16°、弯折角112°、切削宽度41 mm、刀端点回转半径350mm、弯曲半径35mm、刀刃口厚度5mm,并安装在刀辊上。同时,设计了前端部下边长560mm、上边长390mm、后端部下边长360mm,上边长260mm、罩体长度650mm的起垄部件,与深松铲、灭茬刀辊组成深松灭茬起垄机。田间性能试验结果表明:相比于行业内标准,所有工况下深松灭茬起垄机深松深度稳定性系数平均提高3.15%、灭茬深度稳定性系数平均提高3.69%、灭茬率平均提高10.58%、碎土率平均提高8.26%,其作业后犁底层土壤容重明显降低,成垄高度和宽度满足农艺要求,作业性能与效果优良。 相似文献
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针对粉垄刀具作业功耗和切削阻力大及耕后表层土块大的问题,设计了一种新型无叶(螺旋叶片)刀具,采用SPH法建立3种线型新无叶刀具作业系统仿真模型,进行作业性能对比分析,优选一种线型新刀具,并与原刀具进行对比,且对优选新型无叶刀具作业过程进行分析。研究结果表明：与原粉垄刀具相比,新刀具功耗减少了8.4%,表层土壤破碎度减小了43.3%;新刀具作业后土壤表层破碎度较高,主要是由于新刀具耙齿切出细长条的土块后,土块可受到上层外部刀片和相邻刀具的上层外部刀片交错切削;刀具的切削阻力受外部刀片数量和分布、耙齿的宽度及底刀的结构等因素影响较大。研究结果可为粉垄刀具减阻优化提供理论依据。 相似文献
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针对我国玉米大垄双行栽培技术缺少复式中耕联合作业机具的问题,设计适配于118.4~154.4 kW系列拖拉机的3ZFD-440型玉米大垄双行动力中耕追肥机。该机具一次作业可完成垄沟碎土除草、垄底深松、多苗带侧深施肥、垄台培土等多项工作。根据玉米大垄双行中耕作业的农艺要求,通过理论计算和试验分析完成施肥系统、碎土除草部件、导流式培土器的设计。碎土刀选用凿形直刀,回转半径为235 mm,刀片厚度为10 mm,碎土刀入土夹角选择35°,刃口宽度为2 mm,侧刃长度10 mm;采用导流式培土器,基础元线角为32°、导曲线切线与垂直面夹角为30°、导曲线切线与垂直面夹角增量为5°、导曲线半径为248 mm。田间试验结果表明：该机具在作业时能充分发挥大功率拖拉机的动力优势,作业时垄台台顶宽度变异系数为1.64%,垄台深度变异系数为4.34%;导流式培土器性能稳定,作业后垄形规范。碎土率为917%;垄沟沟底浮土厚度为4.6 cm;排肥一致性变异系数为3.1%,完全达到设计要求和国家标准。 相似文献
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为解决中耕时期玉米垄台回土量大、垄沟土壤透气性差等问题,设计了垄台培土与垄沟松土装置,并介绍了整机结构与工作原理。对弧面培土圆盘和弓齿滚筒的结构参数进行了理论分析与设计,并对关键受力部件弓齿滚筒进行了有限元静力学分析,结果表明其刚度和强度均满足设计要求。以回土量为弧面培土圆盘试验指标,以土壤坚实度差值和入土深度稳定性为垄沟松土装置试验指标,进行田间性能试验,结果表明：所设计的垄台培土与垄沟松土装置回土量为15.4%,土壤坚实度差值为27.2N/cm2,入土深度稳定性为87.5%,满足中耕作物苗期垄台培土与垄沟松土作业的性能要求。 相似文献
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起垄有利于增加土壤的透气性及保水能力,是马铃薯种植环节中重要的一环。针对目前马铃薯播种机起垄装置功能单一、效率低、作业效果差等问题,提出一种适用于山东地区的两段式组合起垄装置,通过覆土圆盘和翼面铲的配套作业,同时完成覆土、起垄和整形作业,有利于种薯扎根稳定、生长发达,提高马铃薯播种机的作业效率和质量。通过分析覆土圆盘、翼面铲的作业过程以及土壤的运动过程,对翼面铲的总体尺寸及铲尖、铲面、翼板等主要部件进行参数设计。利用EDEM仿真软件建立土壤与两段式组合起垄装置的联合仿真模型并进行试验,对两段式组合起垄装置的起垄量模拟曲线进行分析,得出装置的作业质量相比仅依靠覆土圆盘作业有显著提升。田间试验表明,当马铃薯播种机前进速度为0.25m/s时,两段式组合起垄装置所起土垄平均高度为251mm,平均垄底宽为698mm,平均垄距为902mm,平均垄体土壤紧实度可达到390.33kPa,作业效果良好,满足山东地区马铃薯起垄农艺要求。 相似文献
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Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. Playn O. Prez-Coveta A. Martínez-Cob J. Herrero P. García-Navarro B. Latorre P. Brufau J. Garcs 《Agricultural Water Management》2008,95(6):645-658
Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m−1) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day−1. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day−1), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day−1 was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration. 相似文献
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车用发动机润滑油失效规律与更换周期研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究在正常使用条件下１０Ｗ／３０－ＱＣ级润滑油用于某型车用发动机时所表现的失效规律,确认期服从两参数Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ分布,并给出分布的尺度参数η和形状参数ｍ之最佳线性无偏估计（ＢＬＵＥ）同时,还为定量分析,计算车用发动机润滑油的使用可靠性和合理确定其更换周期提供了一套可供借鉴的方法,并给出了具体的计算实例。 相似文献
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赵国杰 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(4):106-107
乡（镇）农技推广体系是农业发展的关键。介绍朝阳市农业技术推广体系的现状,针对目前体制及运行机制、服务手段等方面存在的问题,提出适合朝阳市乡（镇）农技推广体系改革与发展的对策,以期对全省农技推广体系改革和发展起到一些借鉴作用。 相似文献
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苑庆刚 《农业机械化与电气化》2010,(3):52-54
草莓果味酸甜爽口,营养价值高,为人们所喜爱的应市鲜果之一。由于草莓易受损伤和微生物侵染,因此其采收、贮藏过程极为重要。介绍草莓采收过程中的注意事项以及11种贮藏保鲜技术的实施步骤和操作方法,推介9种加工方式,为草莓产业化提供技术支持。 相似文献
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瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。 相似文献
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对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。 相似文献
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对《种子法》存在问题的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
李鹏 《农业机械化与电气化》2011,(6):129-130
《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。 相似文献
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在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。 相似文献
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About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered. 相似文献