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1.
牛场地表土壤中芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以呼和浩特市某牛场地表土壤为研究对象,通过传统的微生物培养方法和基于16S r RNA基因序列的新型分子生物学方法对其中的微生物进行了分析。结果显示在牛场地表土壤中共鉴定出蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus lincheniformis)、产芽孢梭菌(Clostridium sporogenes)、纯黄肠球菌(Enterococcus gilvus)和拜氏梭菌(Clostridium beijerinckii)共40株,并通过16S r RNA基因序列的系统发育树研究得到蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌这三种优势芽孢杆菌之间的亲缘关系。该研究为后续开发应用于无抗饲料添加剂和生物农药的绿色、安全、高效的益生芽孢杆菌微生态制剂提供一定的数据基础。  相似文献   

2.
为了研究云南野生动物园圈养大熊猫冬季肠道微生物菌群结构,试验利用传统方法和现代分子生物学手段(16S rDNA分析)对其冬季粪便进行可培养细菌的分离、纯化和鉴定。结果表明:对冬季粪样通过传统方法分离鉴定的细菌种属有埃希氏菌属(Escherichia Castellani and Chalmers)、志贺氏菌属(Shigella Castellani);通过16S rDNA分析,鉴定的菌群归属于鲍氏志贺菌(Shigella boydii)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、弗氏志贺菌(Shigella flexner)、特基拉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus tequilensis)、甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。在高海拔地区的环境条件下,大熊猫的肠道优势菌群为埃希氏大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、弗氏志贺菌(Shigella flexner)、鲍氏志贺菌(Shigella boydii)。  相似文献   

3.
以高效去除COD为主要指标,从长沙市郊区某富营养化的养殖小区鱼塘淤泥和污水液中分离筛选出4株目的菌株,发现其中以L菌株活性最好,经初步鉴定为侧孢杆菌(Bacillus laterosporus Laubach).同时,采用地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus Subtilis)、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus Meyer and Gottheil)、纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus natto)与菌株L分别培养后,按比例复合制剂,进行污水净化试验.结果表明,与单菌相比,复合菌综合了单菌的优良祛污活性,在对合成废水的处理中,72h后废水中NH4+-N、NO3--N和COD的去除率分别达84.4%、86.91%和81.36%.  相似文献   

4.
为了解贵州黑山羊瘤胃液内芽孢杆菌的主要种类,采用亨盖特滚管技术从装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的贵州黑山羊瘤胃中进行菌株的分离培养,其中1株分离菌株经过革兰氏染色、形态观察、16S r DNA序列分析和系统发育树构建,此菌株革兰氏染色阳性,呈杆状,末端钝圆,在系统发育树中与Bacillus circulans strain JSC SF51处在同一分支,鉴定为环状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus circulans Jordan)。这对开展贵州黑山羊瘤胃微生物区系及瘤胃营养调控等研究具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

5.
本试验对猪生物发酵床保育期垫料样品中效应细菌的组成和作用进行了研究,共获得了6株效应细菌;经纯培养后观察其个体与群体形态,并进行生化特征鉴定以及16S rRNA基因分析.结果表明,所得的6株效应细菌中,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)细菌有4株,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillusstearothermophilus)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis);沙雷氏菌属(Serratia sp.)有1株,为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens);假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)有1株,为假单胞杆菌(Pseudomonas).  相似文献   

6.
变质鸡蛋中蜡样芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从山东地区保存超过14 d大范围出现变质鸡蛋中分离到一株细菌,经过培养特性、生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定,鉴定为蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus).分别将变质鸡蛋、煮熟的变质蛋、健康鸡蛋进行厌氧培养和细菌计数,发现健康鸡蛋和煮熟的变质蛋无蜡样芽孢杆菌,而变质鸡蛋中的细菌数量达到1.3×108CFU/g.本试验表明,蛋黄中过量的蜡样芽孢杆菌可能与鸡蛋变质有关,应注意过量添加蜡样芽孢杆菌可能影响蛋品的保鲜和食用安全性.  相似文献   

7.
为筛选到性能良好的芽孢杆菌,笔者在呼和浩特郊区的几个健康牛羊养殖场采集了粪样、水样等28份样品进行芽孢杆菌资源调查。经分离和纯化培养,共分离出疑似芽孢杆菌35株,并通过16S r RNA及17项生化鉴定对其作进一步的确认和属种鉴定。经16S r RNA分析,有15株为芽孢杆菌属;再经染色镜检,生化试验结果与《常见细菌系统鉴定手册》对比,有枯草芽孢杆菌4株(占26.7%)、蜡状芽孢杆菌5株(占33.3%)、泛酸芽孢杆菌3株(占20.0%)、环状芽孢杆菌2株(占13.3%)、球形芽孢杆菌1株(占6.7%)。说明呼和浩特市郊区健康牛羊养殖场芽孢杆菌以枯草芽孢杆菌和蜡状芽孢杆菌为主,占60%。  相似文献   

8.
本试验根据芽孢杆菌生理特点,采取稀释平板法从健康日本鹌鹑(Coturnix japonica)盲肠内容物中分离获得一株芽孢杆菌P-12,结合细菌生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA测序和系统发育树对其进行分析。研究表明,该菌种为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus),其16S rDNA GeneBank登录号为GU269268,具有产蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性。  相似文献   

9.
隐性乳腺炎乳牛乳样中苏云金芽孢杆菌的分离与鉴定   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
自2002年10月起,笔者从西安及其周边地区乳牛中随机抽取48头共184个乳室,进行了乳牛隐性乳腺炎的调查及病原菌分离鉴定。共分离出3株革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌,初步鉴定为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)。该菌的培养特性及形态与蜡样芽孢杆菌极为相似;小白鼠腹腔注射可致其死亡,证明该菌所产毒素毒力较强。  相似文献   

10.
对两种市售水产养殖用复合微生物粉剂中微生物菌种进行鉴定。利用平板分离技术对粉剂中的微生物进行分离纯化,进行了形态学观察、16S rDNA和26S rDNA序列分析,并构建系统发育树。结果表明,两种微生物粉剂中菌群结构存在一定差异,S1粉剂中鉴定出5株芽孢杆菌和2株酵母菌,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌或索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌、葡萄牙棒孢酵母和库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母;S2粉剂中鉴定出3株芽孢杆菌、1株放线菌、2株酵母菌和3株肠球菌,分别为解木糖赖氨酸芽孢杆菌、环状芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌或索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌、芬氏纤维微菌、酿酒酵母、库德里阿兹威毕赤酵母、鹑鸡肠球菌、屎肠球菌或乳酸肠球菌。明确水产养殖用复合微生物粉剂的菌群结构为同类产品的安全性及有效性评估提供理论基础。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

15.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

18.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

19.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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