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虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别在基础饲料(对照组)中添加100 mg/kg的虾青素、角黄素,混合色素(50 mg/kg虾青素+50 mg/kg角黄素)饲喂初始体重为(56.60±0.63) g的虹鳟60 d,考察虾青素和角黄素对虹鳟肌肉着色和肝脏总抗氧化能力的影响。结果显示,饲料中添加了虾青素、角黄素和混合色素后对虹鳟增重率、饲料系数及肌肉常规成分、肌肉失水率、含肉率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。虾青素组、角黄素组和混合色素组虹鳟肌肉的比色卡得分、红度、虾青素含量和血清总类胡萝卜素含量均比对照组有显著提高(P< 0.05);虾青素组虹鳟肌肉比色卡得分(26.25)和红度值(18.40)显著高于角黄素组(22.38, 14.13)和混合色素组(24.00, 15.70)(P< 0.05);虾青素组虹鳟肌肉虾青素含量为4.75 mg/kg (30 d)和6.45 mg/kg (60 d),均显著高于混合色素组的3.87 mg/kg (30 d)和5.48 mg/kg (60 d)(P< 0.05);在虹鳟血清总类胡萝卜素含量方面,虾青素组 > 混合色素组 > 角黄素组;虾青素组、角黄素组、混合色素组虹鳟肝脏的总抗氧化能力之间无显著差异(P> 0.05),分别为2.39 U/mg,2.25 U/mg,2.39 U/mg,均较对照组(2.03 U/mg)显著提高(P< 0.05)。上述结果表明：饲料中添加100 mg/kg虾青素、角黄素及虾青素+角黄素混合(1∶1)均能有效改善虹鳟肌肉颜色,提高肝脏总抗氧化能力,虾青素、虾青素+角黄素混合(1∶1)对虹鳟肌肉的着色效果优于角黄素。 相似文献
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本文目的旨在研究虾青素对微囊藻毒素MC-LR胁迫下(25μg/L)克氏原螯虾的免疫力及生长繁殖的影响。实验设计四个梯度的饲料中虾青素添加比例分别为(0、5、10、20 mg/g)养殖周期持续8星期。结果表明虾青素显著提高了克氏原螯虾肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和碱性磷酸(AKP)的活力(P0.05)。5g/kg虾青素的添加量即可对SOD酶活具有明显提升(P0.05);10 g/kg的虾青素添加量对AKP的提升最为明显(P0.05);研究还发现虾青素可显著提高微囊藻毒素MC-LR胁迫下克氏原螯虾的存活率和特定生长率(SGR)(P0.05),提高克氏原螯虾雌虾的抱卵量。研究表明虾青素作为一种抗氧化剂适宜于在克氏原螯虾饲料中添加,并且具有提高虾体免疫活力,缓解微囊藻毒素MC-LR对虾体氧化胁迫的作用。 相似文献
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通过对赤点石斑鱼(Epinephelus akaara)亲本强化、苗种繁育阶段的饵料进行研究,结果表明:采用牡蛎作为赤点石斑鱼亲本营养强化饵料使得亲本成活率达89.33%,所产的卵子平均受精率达78.9%、孵化率达80.1%,均显著高于使用南美白对虾和蛏子组(P<0.05);苗种培育至摄氏卤虫阶段,采用鱼油(4 g/L)与经小球藻强化轮虫和虾青素(5 g/L)混合代替,成活率29.53%,全长增长率175.00%,效果最佳;苗种培育至摄氏桡足类阶段,采用鱼油(4 g/L)与桡足类和虾青素(5 g/L)培育,成活率和全长增长率均显著高于其他组(P<0.05);而后期采用软颗粒料(鳗粉:鳀鱼=3:2,添加虾青素5 g/kg)可极显著提高赤点石斑鱼的养成成活率和全长增长率(P<0.01)。 相似文献
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为减缓虾青素的氧化速度,提高虾青素的储藏稳定性,以麦芽糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD)为壁材,采用喷雾干燥法对南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)虾青素进行微胶囊化包埋,并对微胶囊化后产品的理化性质进行研究。结果显示,麦芽糊精与HP-β-CD壁材质量比为1∶3、虾青素添加质量分数为4.76%、聚山梨酯-80添加质量分数为0.87%、固形物浓度为0.20 g/ml时,虾青素微胶囊包埋率为98.77%。制备的虾青素微胶囊水分含量为(3.11±0.11)%,溶解度为(94.32±0.08)%,休止角为(34.16±0.24)°。稳定性实验表明,与未微胶囊化的虾青素晶体相比,虾青素微胶囊在高温条件、自然光条件与有氧条件下,虾青素的保留率分别由28.72%、45.27%与20.76%提高到了78.32%、84.88%和74.97%。可见微胶囊化可明显改善虾青素溶解性和稳定性,为虾青素微胶囊化产品制备提供技术支持。 相似文献
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以贵州草海自然水域捕获的新鲜小龙虾(Procambarus clarkii)为材料,采用单因素实验研究了提取溶液、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数对虾青素提取效果的影响,用分光光度法测定了草海小龙虾不同部位虾青素的含量。结果表明,以乙酸乙酯为提取溶液,料液比为1∶2(g∶mL),在60℃下提取2 h,重复提取两次,再此提取条件下虾壳中虾青素含量最高。在虾壳、虾肉和内脏三个部位中,虾壳中虾青素含量最高,虾肉和内脏中也含有少量虾青素,但是含量远低于虾壳中的含量,说明了小龙虾虾青素主要富集在虾壳中。 相似文献
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<正>虾青素又名虾黄素,抗氧化能力极强,是一种粉红色天然色素,具有清除自由基作用,可提高动物机体免疫力,有良好的着色效果。天然虾青素常存在于某些动物、藻类及微生物体内。雨生红球藻(Haematococcus Pluvialis)是近年来被研究最多,也是被公认为自然界中天然虾青素的积累以及应用于水产动物中的最佳来源之一,其虾青素积累速率和产生总量较其他绿藻高,虾青素的含量可高达细胞干重的4%,是目前所知虾青素含量最高的一种生物体,被看作是天然虾青素的"浓缩品"。植物生长激素不仅对高等植物的生长发育有着明显的促进效果,而且在农业生产领域上也有 相似文献
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《水产科学》2021,(1)
水温12～18℃,将体质量(435.63±21.32) g的哲罗鲑饲养在6.0 m×2.5 m×1.2 m的流水水泥池中,投喂含100 mg/kg人工合成虾青素(对照组)和10、20、40、60 mg/kg天然虾青素(雨生红球藻)饲料,每两周检测试验鱼肌肉中的虾青素含量和鳃、肝脏、前肠、后肠、幽门垂、肌肉、血清、血细胞的总抗氧化能力和碱性磷酸酶活性,研究人工合成虾青素和天然虾青素对肌肉中虾青素含量及其组织抗氧化力的影响。70 d的饲养结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,20 mg/kg和40 mg/kg组的试验鱼虾青素含量显著升高(P0.05),且40 mg/kg含量组试验鱼虾青素含量显著优于20 mg/kg组(P0.05);(2)各组试验鱼鳃、肝脏、前肠、后肠、幽门垂、血清、血细胞的总抗氧化能力显著高于对照组(P0.05);(3)各组试验鱼鳃、后肠、幽门垂、肌肉、血清、血细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。试验结果表明,与添加100 mg/kg人工合成虾青素相比,饲料中添加20～40 mg/kg天然虾青素,能显著提高哲罗鲑肌肉虾青素含量、总抗氧化能力以及碱性磷酸酶活性,建议哲罗鲑饲料中天然虾青素添加量为40 mg/kg。 相似文献
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虾青素生物学来源和功能的研究进展 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
虾青素(Astaxanthin)即3,3’—二羟基-4,4’二酮基-β,β’胡萝卜素,又称虾黄质、虾黄素、龙虾壳色素、还原型虾红素。虾青素的分子式为C40H52O4,是一种萜烯类非维生素A源胡萝卜素,呈艳丽的红色,易溶于二硫化碳、丙酮、苯和氯仿,因其具有着色功能和极强的抗氧化性,提高免疫力;近年来越来越受到国内外食品、医药、化妆品、养殖、饲料等领域研究人员的重视。1虾青素的生物学来源虾青素在动物体内和羽毛中,尤其是水生动物体内(如虾、蟹)普遍存在。早在20世纪30年代虾青素就已从虾、蟹中分离出来。除了从水产品加工的废弃物中提取虾青素外,从… 相似文献
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虾青素(astaxanthin),又名虾黄质、龙虾壳色素。虾青素的化学结构为长链不饱和双键结构体系,因此性质不稳定,易于异构化和降解。虾青素对热、氧、自然光、紫外照射敏感,加热、光照以及酸、碱等条件都会引起虾青素的异构化。虾青素与脂肪酸结合形成的酯要比游离虾青素稳定得多,而且虾 相似文献
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以26S rDNA法将实验室保藏的1株产虾青素的海洋酵母菌YS-185鉴定为粘红酵母。以海洋酵母菌YS-185为试验菌株,运用摇瓶发酵优化的方式,探索培养基组分和发酵工艺条件对该菌发酵的影响。实验结果表明,该菌生长最适培养基组分为葡萄糖8 g/L、蛋白胨8 g/L,最适生长起始pH值为5.5、转速220 r/min、接种量8%、温度20℃;虾青素合成的最佳培养基组分葡萄糖8 g/L、蛋白胨8 g/L,最佳虾青素合成条件:pH 5.5,转速220 r/min,接种量8%,培养温度25℃。发酵优化后的虾青素产量2.670μg/ml,较优化前的1.572μg/ml提高了69.8%。温度对酵母菌的生长和虾青素的合成都有显著影响。海洋酵母菌YS-185优化后的发酵条件有规模化生产虾青素的应用潜力。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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