首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
研究黄土高原长期种植紫花苜蓿地的土壤酶活性季节性变化,同时测定紫花苜蓿种植1、2、4、11和16年土壤中的脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶的活性。结果表明:土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性受到紫花苜蓿的种植年限、季节和土层深度的影响。不同种植年限紫花苜蓿地土壤酶活性与季节呈显著相关,土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性表现为6月较高,蔗糖酶活性3月较高,而过氧化氢酶活性差异不显著。紫花苜蓿地土壤酶活性具表层富集性,在0～5cm土层中脲酶、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性高于5～10cm土层的1～3倍,而过氧化氢酶酶活性在土层之间差异不显著。种植4年紫花苜蓿地土壤酶活性较高,种植11、16年的土壤酶活性显著下降。可见,种植紫花苜蓿达10年以上土壤酶活性下降明显,需加强人工牧草地管理。  相似文献   

2.
不同耕作方式下春小麦生育期土壤酶时空变化研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
通过设置在陇中黄土高原的保护性耕作长期定位试验,研究了不同耕作方式下土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性在春小麦不同生育时期和不同土层深度的动态变化。4种耕作方式包括:传统耕作(T)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作秸秆还田(TS)、免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)。结果表明,NTS可以显著提高耕层0~30 cm土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,春小麦整个生育期分别比T 增加了4.02%,8.74%,20.51%和31.45%;而NT和TS对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性的效应有一定的阶段性。在空间分布上,NT和NTS 处理条件下4种土壤酶活性随着土层加深均呈下降趋势;T处理条件下4种土壤酶活性和TS处理条件下土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性随土层加深呈先增后减趋势,而TS处理条件下土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性随土层加深呈递减趋势。进一步研究发现,不同因子对土壤酶活性的影响效应各异,其中生育时期对脲酶影响最大,耕作方式和覆盖材料对蔗糖酶影响最大,交互作用对过氧化氢酶影响最大。  相似文献   

3.
黄河中游湿地土壤养分与酶活性特征及相关性研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
在陕西合阳黄河湿地,通过野外采样和室内分析相结合的方法,研究该湿地退化过程中不同土地利用方式(湿地、天然草地、开荒耕地和盐碱地)对土壤养分(有机质和N,P,K)和酶活性(脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶)的影响及其变化规律.结果表明:土地利用方式对土壤养分和酶活性的影响极显著(P＜0.01),其排列顺序为:天然草地＞开荒耕地＞湿地＞盐碱地.开荒耕地的土壤有机质和土壤养分介于天然草地和湿地之间,盐碱地土壤有机质仅为天然草地和湿地的3.4％和6.9％,土地资源的过渡开发利用会严重影响土壤肥力导致土壤退化.酶活性与土壤有机质及各养分成显著和极显著相关,且不同土壤酶活性间也存在显著相关性.不同土地利用方式下,脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶差异极显著(P＜0.01),其活性高低与土壤养分变化顺序基本一致.土壤酶活性反映出土壤肥力水平的高低,可以作为评价黄河湿地土壤肥力的指标.  相似文献   

4.
为探究施用玉米专业菌肥对绿洲区玉米根际土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的调理作用,寻求减少化肥施用量的有效途径。在甘肃武威黄羊镇设7个处理,不施肥(A),全量化肥(B),菌肥(不施化肥,C);85%化肥(85%B),85%化肥+菌肥(85%B+C),70%化肥(70%B),70%化肥+菌肥(70%B+C)。成熟期测定土壤养分、3大微生物计数和微生物量碳氮;并在苗期、拔节期、开花期和成熟期分别测定玉米根际土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性和土壤呼吸。研究表明:85%B+C处理能够显著提高土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷和有机质含量;过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶在玉米的开花期达到最大值,碱性磷酸酶在拔节期达到最大值;蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶含量均表现出处理85%B+C显著高于其他处理,过氧化氢酶处理B(全量化肥)高于其他处理,且A处理均表现为最低;施肥处理对土壤细菌数量的影响最大,是未施肥处理的1.97～5.01倍,此外,土壤真菌数量均表现出处理A(不施肥)显著高于其他各个处理;微生物生物量碳氮以85%B+C处理最优且显著优于其余处理;减量化肥并配施菌肥可以增加土壤呼吸速率。减量化肥并配施菌肥能够有效的提高绿洲区玉米地土壤的养分含量和酶活力,是减少绿洲区玉米化肥施用量的有效途径。  相似文献   

5.
为了解白三叶(Trifolium repens)降解对苹果园土壤酶活性的影响,在苹果典型优生区—陕西的洛川和旬邑苹果园中进行白三叶埋置降解试验,研究白三叶降解后对不同地区苹果园土壤蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明,苹果园中埋置白三叶后,除降解3个月时的碱性磷酸酶活性和旬邑降解6个月时的脲酶活性无变化外,其余处理的蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性均显著提高(P 0.05);在白三叶埋置6个月后,土壤蛋白酶和碱性磷酸酶活性增加幅度大;埋置的白三叶降解后对不同地区苹果园土壤酶活性影响不同,对洛川苹果园的影响较旬邑苹果园大;相关性分析表明,土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶之间存在显著的正相关。说明埋置的白三叶降解可以提高土壤酶的活性,在一定程度上改善土壤理化性质,但此作用与苹果栽培地区和白三叶降解时间有一定的关系。  相似文献   

6.
黄土丘陵区撂荒对土壤酶活性的影响   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8  
王兵  刘国彬  薛萐  李占斌  李鹏  刘娴 《草地学报》2009,17(3):282-287
为了解侵蚀环境下植被恢复对土壤酶活性的影响,以典型侵蚀环境黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域生态恢复1至50年撂荒地长期定位试验点为研究对象,选取坡耕地为对照,分析了植被恢复过程中土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶及理化性质的演变特征。结果表明,土壤酶活性前期变化波动较大,后期(20-30a)年变化趋于稳定;尿酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶与其他因子相关性相对较强,可以作为评价土壤质量的生物学指标;尿酶、淀粉酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性随恢复年限而增加,多酚氧化酶则减少;土壤酶指数可以作为评价土壤质量的方法。  相似文献   

7.
EDTA对高羊茅生长及其土壤中酶活性的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用PVC管种植高羊茅,研究不同浓度乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-Na2)处理对高羊茅生长和土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:5 mmol/kg EDTA处理可以显著提高植物株高、地上生物量和叶绿素含量(P＜0.05),10mmol/kg和15mmol/kg处理均产生不同程度的抑制作用.5 mmol/kg EDTA处理增加了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性,10 mmol/kg和15 mmol/kg处理与对照相比有不同程度降低.EDTA处理对土壤碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性表现为显著的抑制作用,对蛋白酶活性无显著影响.综合考虑,EDTA应用于土壤重金属修复过程时,其浓度不宜超过10 mmol/kg,否则会给植物生长及土壤质量带来不利影响.  相似文献   

8.
为揭示黄土丘陵区柠条人工林地土壤生物活性与肥力恢复过程,选择退耕种植柠条后恢复15a、30a、40a的林地作为研究对象,并以坡耕地(CK)为对照,研究了柠条林地恢复过程中土壤4种酶活性变化特征及其与碳氮磷养分关系。结果表明:坡耕地种植柠条林后土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著增加,而随着柠条年限的增长,脲酶、蔗糖酶活性变化比过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶更敏感,均呈现出递增的趋势,对比耕地,在0~10cm土层蔗糖酶增幅可达40%,84%,109%,而脲酶增幅可达5.32,6.11,8.58倍,随着土壤深度的增加,酶活性降低。相关性分析表明,脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤可溶性有机碳氮,速效磷,有机碳,全氮,全磷之间都具有显著或极显著的正相关关系(P<0.05,P<0.01),可以作为评价柠条林土壤质量的生物学指标。  相似文献   

9.
为揭示黄土丘陵区柠条人工林地土壤生物活性与肥力恢复过程,选择退耕种植柠条后恢复15 a、30 a、40 a的林地作为研究对象,并以坡耕地（CK）为对照,研究了柠条林地恢复过程中土壤4种酶活性变化特征及其与碳氮磷养分关系。结果表明：坡耕地种植柠条林后土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著增加,而随着柠条年限的增长,脲酶、蔗糖酶活性变化比过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶更敏感,均呈现出递增的趋势,对比耕地,在0～10 cm土层蔗糖酶增幅可达40%,84%,109%,而脲酶增幅可达5.32,6.11,8.58倍,随着土壤深度的增加,酶活性降低。相关性分析表明,脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶活性与土壤可溶性有机碳氮,速效磷,有机碳,全氮,全磷之间都具有显著或极显著的正相关关系（P<0.05,P<0.01）,可以作为评价柠条林土壤质量的生物学指标。  相似文献   

10.
对甘肃省盐碱地主要植物群落土壤按S型选取0~5和5~10cm土层样品,测定了土壤理化性质和土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶及脱氢酶活性。结果表明:荒漠盐碱地主要植物群落土壤理化性质及酶活性有着较大差异,狗尾草群落的土壤容重、土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均大于其他植物群落,分别为1.55g/cm3,0.76mg/(g·24h)和7.33mg/(g·20min);碱性磷酸酶在冰草群落最高,为0.13mg/g;土壤pH在甘草群落最高,为9.20;花花柴群落全盐和电导率值均最大,分别为184.2g/kg和57.55MS/CM;冰草群落的土壤水分最高达26.88%,芦苇群落的脱氢酶具最大活性,为2.65μg/(g·24h);同一植物群落,除冰草、甘草和骆驼刺群落的土壤水分5~10cm土层显著高于0~5cm土层之外,其余植物群落的土壤水分、pH、全盐及电导率值均随土层的加深而减小,土壤容重随土层的加深而增大,土壤酶活性多表现为随土层的加深而降低;不同植物群落土壤理化性质和各种酶之间有不同程度的相关性。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号