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1.
扁穗雀麦是近年由牧场逃逸至农田的恶性入侵杂草。为了解入侵和生态适应性规律,通过室内试验测定了温度、湿度、深度、pH、盐和渗透势对扁穗雀麦种子萌发的影响。结果表明,30/20 ℃的变温处理下种子萌发率最高,达到92.1%;随着日平均温度的降低种子萌发率逐渐降低;日平均温度接近10 ℃种子几乎不萌发。在pH 5~10的环境条件下,种子萌发率均能达到90%,弱酸和弱碱处理的种子萌发率显著高于中性处理。低于20 mmol·L-1的NaCl处理与对照无显著差异,160 mmol·L-1的处理种子萌发率仍可达到85%以上。-0.1 MPa的渗透势下种子萌发率最高,渗透势高于-0.2 MPa的处理种子萌发率与对照无显著差异,-0.4 MPa处理种子的萌发率仍高于80%。在60%相对湿度的土壤中,种子的萌发率和萌发势均最高。播种于土表的种子萌发势和萌发率均最高,播种深度达到10 cm时,种子几乎不萌发。由此可见,扁穗雀麦种子萌发对环境条件的生态适合度高,因此在多数区域气候温暖干旱的云南具有入侵广阔生境的可能性。 相似文献
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研究了来自内蒙古草原4个地区的(菭)草种群的种子生产性能及其动态特征,分析了温度、药剂处理和保存期对(菭)草种子萌发过程的影响.结果表明:(1)4个(菭)草种群结实率差异均不显著,2年龄植株平均结实率为35.26％,平均净种子结实量为0.861g/株,来自大青山、希拉穆仁草原的(菭)草结实量都显著高于锡林郭勒(菭)草.(2)2～5年龄级的(菭)草种群结实率均差异不显著,平均结实率为36.5％,3、4年龄植株的结实量显著高于其他两个年龄.(3)(菭)草种子在25℃恒温下萌发率最高,平均萌发率为88.2％,低温可显著降低(菭)草种子萌发率.在15℃下利用赤霉素处理的种子萌发率可提高20％～30％.(菭)草当年种子萌发率和幼苗存活率最高,随着贮存期的增加,种子萌发率与存活率逐渐降低. 相似文献
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恶性入侵植物刺苍耳浸出液对油麦菜种子的化感作用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
刺苍耳被我国列为外来有害入侵物种,在我国的伊犁河谷地区大规模侵入草原、农田、荒漠、森林生态系统,给当地的生态安全、生态系统的生物多样性和农牧业发展带来严重威胁。为了揭示刺苍耳在入侵地群落演替中的作用及恶性入侵的化学生态学机制,以刺苍耳整株的水提液对油麦菜种子进行处理,探讨刺苍耳水提液对油麦菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:随着刺苍耳水提液浓度的增加,受体植物油麦菜种子的萌发率、发芽势、萌发指数均显著受到抑制,种子萌发进程也表现出显著的推迟现象。与对照相比,刺苍耳水提液在0.01 g/mL水平即可使油麦菜幼苗的根长受到显著抑制。随着刺苍耳浸提液浓度的增加,油麦菜幼苗的根长逐渐缩短,各处理组与对照间均存在极显著差异,当浓度增至0.08 g/mL则表现为完全抑制效应。同时,随着刺苍耳浸提液浓度的增加,油麦菜种子萌发的化感效应指数RI逐渐降低。在同一浸取液浓度下,种子萌发的化感效应指数随萌发时间的增加而降低。因此,刺苍耳植株水提液含有对油麦菜有害的化感物质,抑制其种子萌发和根的伸长生长。 相似文献
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针对羊草种子萌发率低的问题,对43份不同种质的羊草种子,在两种变温条件下的萌发率进行了研究,并对恒温、变温、变温时长、变温时段对羊草种子萌发率的影响进行了测试。结果表明,羊草种子萌发率受种质影响较大,不同种质的羊草种子萌发率变幅为10%~95%,差异极显著。此外,羊草种子萌发亦受温度调控,恒温条件下(16、20、22、28、37 ℃)种子萌发率均较低,变温28 ℃(12 h)/16 ℃(12 h)则显著提高了种子萌发率,增幅为50%~90%。且变温处理对种子萌发有“时间剂量累加效应”,即变温处理时间越长,萌发率提高越大。在第1、2天时变温处理的种子萌发率与恒温对照相比,达到极显著差异,且在24 h内接收低温信号的剂量时长在2~16 h,高于16 h萌发率不随时间增加,低于2 h萌发率提高不显著。此外还发现,萌发24 h之内,羊草种子对变温处理有一个敏感的“窗口期”,即8~12 h,在这个时段内变温处理对种子萌发率提高最为显著。 相似文献
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PEG胁迫对柳叶水甘草种子萌发及幼苗的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用不同质量分数的聚乙二醇（PEG 6000）模拟干旱胁迫的方法,研究干旱胁迫对柳叶水甘草（Amsonia tabernaemontana）种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,1)5％PEG处理种子其萌发率、萌发速率系数、萌发指数和活力指数均高于对照组,随着胁迫质量分数递增,萌发率下降,复水后,仍能萌发,种子具有一定的抗旱性。2) 幼苗处理随着胁迫质量分数递增及胁迫时间延长,其叶片相对电导率、MDA含量显著增加;脯氨酸含量与叶片相对电导率和MDA含量呈极显著正相关,高质量分数PEG胁迫处理,脯氨酸含量增加;抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性先上升后下降。 相似文献
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驼绒藜(Ceratoides latens)是一种抗旱、耐盐、耐瘠薄的温带旱生半灌木,为旱生优良牧草。通过研究温度、贮藏时间、苞片及盐分对驼绒藜种子萌发的影响,旨在揭示其萌发行为及其适应机制。结果表明:驼绒藜种子在高温周期(25/35℃和20/30℃)萌发速度快、萌发率高;低温周期(5/15℃和10/20℃)的种子则成持续性萌发。驼绒藜种子具有后熟作用,种子在室温下干藏10个月仍具高的萌发率。苞片影响种子的最终萌发率,去除苞片可以明显促进种子的萌发。浓度低于0.6 mol·L-1的NaCl溶液对种子的萌发率无显著影响;但从0.6 mol·L-1起随着浓度增高,萌发率逐渐降低,直至为零;盐处理后,大部分种子失去活力。 相似文献
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不同处理对北方嵩草种子萌发的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
用3种不同质量浓度的化学试剂（NaOH、GA和CaCl2）分别处理北方嵩草Kobresia bellardii种子,将其置于5、10、15、20和25 ℃恒温条件下进行光照培养。结果表明,温度和3种化学试剂及化学试剂的不同质量浓度显著影响种子的萌发率、萌发指数及幼苗高度（P<0.001）,且温度对种子的萌发影响更大。北方嵩草种子在1025 ℃条件下萌发,适当质量浓度的3种化学试剂对种子的萌发均有一定的促进作用。在低温下,较高质量浓度的化学试剂处理的种子其萌发率和萌发指数较高;而在较高温度下,较低质量浓度的化学试剂处理的种子其萌发率和萌发指数较高。在20和25 ℃,对照组及用3种化学试剂处理的种子其萌发率和萌发指数较高,幼苗生长较快。其中在25 ℃,用5 g/L CaCl2处理种子其萌发率最高,可达84%;在20 ℃,用20 g/L NaOH处理种子其萌发速率最快,萌发指数最高, 为5.26。 相似文献
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土荆芥种子贮藏与萌发特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同光照和温度对外来有害植物土荆芥Chenopodium ambrosioides种子萌发率的影响及种子在不同贮藏时间和不同贮藏温度下萌发率的变化.结果表明,光照是土荆芥种子萌发的必要条件,全黑暗条件下,萌发率仅为9.7%.种子在15～20 ℃恒温条件下萌发率均达到80%以上,25 ℃恒温和10 ℃恒温能显著抑制其萌发.零下低温(-20 ℃)和零上低温(4 ℃)贮藏3个月的土荆芥种子萌发率分别为86.3%和84.7%,与贮藏前萌发率(89.3%)相比无显著差异,而在室温和25 ℃条件下贮藏的种子,萌发率显著下降. 相似文献
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采用培养皿纸上发芽床实验设计,设置PEG6000 0(CK)、25 g/L、50 g/L、75 g/L、100 g/L、125 g/L、150g/L、200 g/L、250 g/L、300g/L 10个干旱胁迫处理,NaCl 0(CK)、50 mmol/L 2个处理,研究了不同干旱胁迫条件下红砂种子的萌发率、萌发势、萌发指数、活力指数等指标的变化特点。结果表明,PEG6000浓度低于75 g/L时萌发率随PEG6000浓度升高有上升的趋势,但高于125 g/L时萌发率随着PEG6000浓度的升高而下降,直至0;种子能够萌发的最高PEG6000浓度为200 g/L。干旱胁迫对种子胚芽生长有抑制作用,但轻度干旱可促进初生根生长。PEG6000浓度高于100时可以显著延缓种子的初始发芽时间,降低种子的发芽势。NaCl处理对红砂种子萌发率无显著影响,但对萌发指数、萌发势、和活力指数均有显著影响。 相似文献
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心叶驼绒藜(Ceratoides ewersmanniana)是藜科驼绒藜属植物,优良牧草,在我国仅分布于新疆。通过调查温度、盐分、苞片及贮藏时间对心叶驼绒藜种子萌发的影响,为新疆地区心叶驼绒藜的引种驯化和良种繁育提供理论依据。结果表明:心叶驼绒藜种子的最适萌发温度为20/30℃变温;浓度低于0.2 mol·L~(-1)的NaCl溶液对心叶驼绒藜种子萌发率无显著影响(P0.05),但从0.4mol·L~(-1)开始,萌发率随NaCl浓度的升高而降低;将经过不同NaCl溶液处理14d的种子转移至蒸馏水后,种子具有较高的恢复萌发率;苞片对种子萌发无显著影响(P0.05);种子在室温下贮藏10个月萌发率降低至24%。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献