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为研究平坝灰鹅肉品质特性,随机抽取同日龄健康的成年平坝灰鹅、朗德鹅、四川白鹅和织金白鹅各20只,对9项血液指标进行检测分析。结果表明,4个品种鹅种间乳酸脱氢酶、甘油三脂、白蛋白以及碱性磷酸酶指标无显著差异(P>0.05);平坝灰鹅总蛋白显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.05);织金白鹅胆碱酯酶与其他三个品种鹅存在极显著差异(P<0.01);四川白鹅显著低于其他品种(P<0.05);平坝灰鹅、朗德鹅低密度脂蛋白显著低于织金白鹅(P<0.05),但四川白鹅与其他3种鹅无显著差异(P> 0.05);四川白鹅高密度脂蛋白显著高于织金白鹅(P<0.05),但平坝灰鹅、朗德鹅与四川白鹅和织金白鹅无显著差异(P>0.05)。本试验为平坝灰鹅研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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5个地方鹅品种肉品质测定与分析比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选取太湖鹅、四川白鹅、皖西白鹅、五龙鹅、三花鹅进行肉品质研究,测定了鹅胸肌肉主要成分、常规肌肉品质、肌肉物理组织学特性、风味物质含量,分析比较不同鹅种的肉品质情况.太湖鹅与四川白鹅水分含量差异显著,脂肪含量皖西白鹅与太湖鹅、四川白鹅差异显著.剪切力、肉色、系水力、pH值、蛋白含量各品种间差异都不显著.肌纤维密度各品种间差异都达到了极显著水平, 肌纤维直径皖西白鹅与太湖鹅达到显著差异水平(P=0.025),皖西白鹅与四川白鹅差异不显著(P=0.399),其余各品种间差异都达到了极显著水平.5个鹅种中必须脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量以皖西白鹅最高(17.15%、18.23%),太湖鹅较低(7.77%、7.88%),游离氨基酸含量为0.246 ～0.372 g/100 g,肌苷酸含量为2.09～4.81 mg/g.总体来看皖西白鹅肉品质较好. 相似文献
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东北白鹅和籽鹅血液生化指标 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
为建立东北白鹅和籽鹅血液生化指标的正常参考值及其正常参考范围,探讨东北白鹅和籽鹅的各项血液生化指标之间的差异显著性,随机抽取(12±0.5)月龄健康、体质量为(4.2±0.2)kg的东北白鹅母鹅和(3.5±0.2)kg的籽鹅母鹅各65只,空腹12h后翅下静脉采血,离心分离血清,应用半自动生化分析仪及试剂盒对血清22项生化指标进行检测分析。结果表明:东北白鹅和籽鹅丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT/GPT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST/GOT)、谷氨酸酰基转移酶(GT)、胆碱脂酶(CHE)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH-L)、葡萄糖(Glu)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、钙(Ca)、肌酐(Cre)、镁(Mg)等血清生化指标之间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆固醇(CHO)、无机磷(P)之间差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);a-羟丁酸脱氢酶(a-HBDH)、尿素氮(BuN)、甘油三脂(TG)、尿酸(UA)、总胆红素(T.Bili)、直接胆红素(D.Bili)、氯(Cl)之间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。本试验建立的东北白鹅和籽鹅血液生化指标的正常参考值及其正常参考范围,为今后鹅的相关研究提供了基础的科学数据和基本的理论依据。 相似文献
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不同周龄莱籽鹅和北方白鹅17项血清生化指标的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分别测定了4、8、12周龄时菜籽鹅(莱菌鹅♂×籽鹅♀)和北方白鹅(东北白鹅♂×籽鹅♀)17种血清生化指标的正常值,并进行比较分析.结果表明,2品种鹅各时期血清生化指标存在不同程度的差异,4周龄莱籽鹅葡萄糖(Glu)含量显著高于北方白鹅(P＜0.05);8、12周龄2品种鹅丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)存在极显著差异(P＜0.01),12周龄莱籽鹅磷(P)含量极显著高于北方白鹅(P＜0.01),而北方白鹅甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于莱籽鹅(P＜0.05);2品种鹅钙(Ca)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH-L)及碱性磷酸酶(ALP)都有随周龄增加而减少的趋势,其中Ca含量各时期差异极显著(P＜0.01);而TG、蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和肌酐含量都随周龄显著升高(P＜0.05),ALP、镁(Mg)、γ-谷氨酸酰基转移酶(γ-GT)、LDH-L含量趋于稳定(P＞0.05). 相似文献
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试验旨在比较不同鹅品种肠道发育及肠道微生物菌群结构差异,选取28日龄四川白鹅、浙东白鹅、扬州鹅和霍尔多巴吉鹅各10只为研究对象,圈养全程舍饲精料与黑麦草,于70日龄屠宰进行肠道发育和肠道微生物多样性检测。结果显示：四个品种鹅中浙东白鹅对牧草采食量最大,四川白鹅对牧草的转化利用率最高。扬州鹅肠道表观形态发育和组织形态发育显著优于其他三个品种鹅（P<0.05）。门水平上四个品种鹅的优势菌属相同,都是拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。α多样性比较,霍尔多巴吉鹅的肠道菌群丰度及多样性都显著高于其他三个品种鹅（P<0.05）,β多样性分析发现四个品种鹅的菌落结构差异不显著。根据Venn图筛选各品种鹅的盲肠特有菌,从门水平比较,霍尔多巴吉鹅的盲肠内微生物物种最丰富,其次为浙东白鹅>扬州鹅>四川白鹅,四个品种鹅都具有数量不等的分解消化纤维功能特有菌拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门,而扬州鹅盲肠特有菌还含有分解纤维菌放线菌门。进一步使用皮尔森相关系数分析特有菌群数量与饲草转化率等相关性,发现梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门与饲草分解消化利用率极强相关（Px,y>... 相似文献
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随机选择90日龄皖西白鹅和朗德鹅各20只,采集血样用于血液中脂肪指标的测定,完整采集肝脏组织并计算肝重率。血脂包括甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TCHO)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。结果显示:皖西白鹅血清中TG、TCHO、HDL-C水平显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.05);皖西白鹅的肝重率极显著高于朗德鹅(P<0.01)。相关性分析结果显示:两种鹅血清中TCHO、LDL-C、HDL-C含量间都呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);朗德鹅的肝重率与血清中TG的含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。结果提示:两种鹅对于胆固醇的代谢机制相类似,而在肝脏的生长和TG合成代谢方面表现出品种差异。 相似文献
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观察引种霍尔多巴吉鹅与四川白鹅的杂交效果,发现霍尔多巴吉鹅与四川白鹅进行正、反杂交组合中,正交后代早期生长速度的杂种优势率为+4.3%,反交后代早期生长速度的杂种优势率为-7.3%,差异极显著(P0.01)。正交后代出栏体重的杂交优势率为2.1%,反交后代出栏体重的杂种优势率为-8.6%,差异极显著(P0.01)。正、反交后代10周龄屠体的皮脂率、腹脂率均低于霍尔多巴吉鹅;正、反交后代留种母鹅的年产蛋量与霍尔多巴吉鹅相近约为42~45枚,均极显著低于四川白鹅(P0.01)。因此对于以四川白鹅和霍尔多巴吉鹅作为杂交亲本生产肉仔鹅来说,以正交组合最理想,杂交代不留种,可直接商品用。 相似文献
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为比较冬闲地种草养鹅模式下不同鹅品种的生长发育、屠宰性能和肉品质,以28日龄四川白鹅、浙东白鹅、扬州鹅和霍尔多巴吉鹅为研究对象,采取全程草地放牧加补饲方式,每组3个重复,每个重复10只,于70日龄开展屠宰测定和肉品质测定。结果显示:①在整个生长发育期间,四个品种鹅在生长发育前期增重较大,后期趋于缓慢。在生长发育前期(28~49日龄),扬州鹅的周增重均不同程度地高于四川白鹅和浙东白鹅,但在36~42日龄时扬州鹅的体增重低于霍尔多巴吉鹅;在生长发育后期(50~70日龄),扬州鹅的体增重均高于其他三个品种鹅。②扬州鹅的屠宰率高于其他三个品种的鹅;扬州鹅的腹脂率为1.39%,显著低于其他三个品种鹅。③扬州鹅不同部位肌肉中水分含量最低,胶原含量最高;扬州鹅的胸肌中蛋白质含量显著高于其他三个品种鹅。综上所述,扬州鹅可作为种草养鹅的理想品种,研究结果为种草养鹅模式下适宜品种的选择提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为比较相同环境下不同鹅种间血液生化代谢特点的种质差异,在国家水禽种质资源基因库(江苏泰州)内随机抽取成年同月龄健康的豁眼鹅、乌鬃鹅、太湖鹅、浙东白鹅、武冈铜鹅、皖西白鹅、莱茵鹅、朗德鹅8个鹅品种各20只,进行15项血液指标的测定与比较分析.结果表明,8个鹩种间总蛋白、白蛋白、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、钠离子、氯离子指标无显著差异(P＞0.05);球蛋白、白球比、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇指标存在显著差异(P＜0.05).豁眼鹅尿素氮指标极显著低于莱茵鹅(P＜0.01),表明其蛋白质沉积能力最强.朗德鹅TG则极显著高于皖西白鹅、豁眼鹅(P＜0.01),显示它具有很强的脂肪沉积能力.另外,不同品种间谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总胆固醇、钾离子、钙离子亦存在极显著差异(P＜0.01). 相似文献
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皖西白鹅肉脂特性研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
选择农户饲养的皖西白鹅20只（90日龄寿霍白鹅和70日龄舒城白鹅各10只），比较研究了两种地方类型皖西白鹅的胸肌化学组成、氨基酸含量、肌间脂肪含量、皮下脂肪和肾脂肪的一般化学特性及主要高级脂肪酸组成等肉脂基本性状。测定结果表明，皖西白鹅胸肉的干物质含量为18.17%-21.7%，粗蛋白为14.6%-16%，粗脂肪为1.15%-1.49%，肌间脂肪为2.43%-4.39%，舒城白鹅的上述几项指标均高于（P＜0.01或P＜0.05)寿霍白鹅；皖西白鹅胸肉的必需氨基酸含量（除色氨酸外）较高（赖氨酸含量5.53%-6.59%)，与风味关系密切的谷氨酸高达13.17%-13.48%。皖西白鹅脂肪的不饱和脂肪酸含量较高（59.25%-69.12%)，舒城白鹅不饱和脂肪酸含量低于寿霍白鹅（P＜0.01)。两种地方类型鹅的多数脂肪酸含量存在显著水平（P＜0.01或P＜0.05)的差异，脂肪化学特性间亦存在显著水平（P＜0.01或P＜0.05)的差异。鹅肉富含呈风味物质、必需氨基酸含量丰富、脂肪含量低，是人类较好的动物肉食原料，70日龄舒城白鹅的综合肉脂特性优于90日龄寿霍白鹅。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献