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滇池红鳍原鲌4种年龄鉴定材料的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水产科学》2017,(3)
采用耳石、鳞片、匙骨和鳃盖骨等4种年龄鉴定材料对云南滇池红鳍原鲌的年龄鉴定结果进行比较,以吻合率、可判读力和平均变异系数为依据确定最佳年龄鉴定材料。红鳍原鲌的微耳石轮纹清晰,在解剖镜入射光下呈现明暗相间的条纹,无明显杂纹,年轮标志清晰;而鳞片轮纹在4龄以上时年轮特征不清晰,读龄过程中易被忽略;此外,高龄个体匙骨和鳃盖骨分别出现中心部分透明、基部较厚等原因,造成年龄低估。判读结果表明,微耳石和鳞片的吻合率及平均变异系数均优于匙骨和鳃盖骨。因此,以微耳石年龄读数为基准,并与鳞片、匙骨和鳃盖骨进行对比。结果显示,鳞片与其吻合率最高,为92.7%,平均变异系数最小为1.9%,匙骨和鳃盖骨与其吻合率分别为77.2%和61.3%,平均变异系数分别为9.3%和12.6%。综合分析认为,耳石为滇池红鳍原鲌最佳年龄鉴定材料,鳞片因具有采集方便不伤鱼体的优点,也是很好的年龄鉴定材料,匙骨和鳃盖骨则不适于滇池红鳍原鲌的年龄鉴定。 相似文献
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《淡水渔业》2015,(6)
对新疆乌伦古湖欧鳊(Abramis brama)耳石、鳞片、匙骨、鳃盖骨等四种年龄鉴定材料的形态和年龄特征进行了描述,并对其年龄读数的一致性进行了比较分析。结果显示:3龄以下个体鳞片年轮标志多为普通切割型,3龄以后年轮显示为碎裂切割和疏密切割,高龄个体鳞片外围有年轮缺失的现象;微耳石磨片在透射光下呈明暗相间的轮纹;匙骨中心区域透明,年轮不清晰,外侧年轮清晰,但高龄个体外侧有年轮缺失的现象;鳃盖骨中心部分较厚,年轮不易观察。同一观察者2次读龄年龄读数吻合率中,耳石横轴面磨片最高,为90.5%;耳石平面磨片、匙骨、鳃盖骨次之,分别为84.5%、83.7%、80.7%;鳞片最低,为74.2%。以耳石横轴面磨片年龄读数为基准,耳石平面磨片年龄读数与其吻合率较高,为83.6%,平均变异系数为1.5%;匙骨、鳞片次之,分别为71.2%、62.4%,平均变异系数分别为5.1%、4.3%;鳃盖骨最低,仅为30.0%,平均变异系数为13.8%。综合分析认为,耳石是乌伦古湖欧鳊年龄鉴定的最适宜材料,高龄个体采用其横轴面磨片观察更为精确。鳞片、匙骨和鳃盖骨在鉴定低龄个体年龄时可使用,但鉴定高龄个体年龄时,有低估年龄的可能。 相似文献
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为研究大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)养殖群体与野生群体的鉴别特征,比较分析了大黄鱼养殖群体和野生群体的形态性状、鳞片与矢耳石轮纹特征差异。形态性状比较结果表明,养殖群体的肥满度(Fatness)、体高(BH)/体长(BL)、体厚(BT)/体长(BL)和尾柄高(CPH)/尾长(TL)比值显著大于野生群体(P0.01),野生群体躯干长(TL)/体长(BL)比值大于养殖群体(P0.05),养殖群体在体型上出现偏短、粗现象。养殖群体与野生群体在鳞片轮纹特征上无显著差异,部分个体鳞片上观察到有年轮和副轮分布。野生群体耳石轮纹较为致密,明暗带间隔不均,耳石中心核及周围区域为深黄色,年龄组成复杂,有0~2个年轮;养殖群体耳石轮纹较稀疏,明暗带间隔均匀,耳石中心核及周围区域较透明,观察到有1个年轮。这些差异间接反映了两个群体在生活环境条件、食物饵料供给方面的差异,可作为大黄鱼群体鉴定与资源管理的重要依据。 相似文献
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为确定鉴定滇池鲤（Cyprinus carpio）年龄的适宜材料,对4种年龄鉴定材料（耳石、鳞片、胸鳍条和鳃盖骨）的形态和年轮标志进行了描述,并对这4种钙化组织鉴定鲤年龄的一致性进行了探讨。2013年5、6、8-11月以及2014年3-7月,使用拖网采集云南滇池鲤584尾,体长范围7.5~50.5 cm,体重范围17.2~3 211.3 g。其中耳石采集于584尾样本,鳃盖骨和鳞片分别采集于276尾样本,胸鳍条采集于274尾样本。微耳石磨片轮纹清晰,在反射光下呈明暗相间的条纹,年龄标志明显。同一鉴定者2次年龄读数的吻合率,微耳石磨片轮最高（88.0%),鳞片次之(84.1%),胸鳍条和鳃盖骨则分别为73.7%和72.1%。2次读龄的平均误差百分比,微耳石磨片和鳞片较小,分别为2.6%和2.9%;胸鳍条和鳃盖骨较高,分别为4.7%和5.9%。以微耳石磨片年龄读数为基准,鳞片年龄读数与其吻合率最高(77.5%),平均变异系数最低(6.14%);鳃盖骨和胸鳍条与其吻合率分别为61.9%和56.2%,平均变异系数均超过12%。综合分析认为,耳石是滇池鲤年龄鉴定的最佳材料,鉴定4龄以下个体年龄时可使用鳞片,鳃盖骨和胸鳍条则不适于滇池鲤的年龄鉴定。 相似文献
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对伊犁河雅玛渡河段2010年1～4月采集的39尾伊犁裂腹鱼[Schizothorax (Racoma) pseudaksaiensis (Herzenstein)]样本进行了体表鳞片、臀鳞、脊椎骨、耳石和背鳍条共5种年龄鉴定材料的年轮特征研究。结果表明,体表鳞片没有明显的年轮特征,不能作为年龄鉴定材料,其他4种材料可作为伊犁裂腹鱼的年龄鉴定材料。样本为2+龄时,4种年龄材料鉴定结果的吻合率为100%;3+和4+龄鉴定结果吻合率较高,分别是87.3%和85.4%;5+～8+龄个体吻合率较低,为63.9%。伊犁裂腹鱼3+龄以上个体进行年龄鉴定时不能仅用1种鉴定材料,而应以耳石为主,其他年龄材料为辅。 相似文献
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研究鱼类的年龄结构与生长特性可为评价天然水体野生资源的动态变化提供理论依据,鳞片是低龄鱼可靠的年龄鉴定材料;由于营养不足和水环境因素的影响,高龄鱼出现年轮被机体重吸收、鳞片生长明显慢于机体生长的现象,导致用鳞片鉴定年龄的准确性明显降低。以2008年1月至2010年1月采集于乌江上游总溪河的113尾四川裂腹鱼（Schizothorax kolzovi）为材料,对比臀鳞、脊椎骨、鳃盖骨和微耳石材料并鉴定年轮,研究其年龄与生长的关系。结果表明,四川裂腹鱼体长和体重在雌雄群体间的差异不显著（P ＞0．05）,体重（W;g）和体长（L;mm）拟合关系式为 W＝0．00002L2．9511（R2＝0．9543,n ＝113）;对比选择臀鳞鉴定年龄、测量鳞径,并建立 von Berta-lanffy 生长方程,Lt ＝598．39[1－e －0．0929（t ＋3．3636）]和 Wt ＝3134．65[1－e －0．0929（t ＋3．3636）]2．9511。采集的四川裂腹鱼群体由1～4龄组成,优势年龄组为3龄,占标本总数的57．5％,年龄结构趋于低龄化;体重生长拐点年龄为8．3龄,对应的体长和体重分别为395．62 mm 和924．39 g。 相似文献
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厚唇裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus)是我国特有的裂腹鱼类,其主要分布在黄河水系上游和金沙江水系雅砻江上游。近年来,厚唇裸重唇鱼的野生资源量已出现严重衰退,并于2021年被列入国家二级保护动物。为探究厚唇裸重唇鱼的最适年龄鉴定材料,实验以2020年10月-11月在雅砻江上游所采集的83尾厚唇裸重唇鱼为研究对象,对其微耳石、星耳石、脊椎骨、臀鳞、鳃盖骨、背鳍条和匙骨7种年龄鉴定材料进行比较研究,以确定适合的年龄鉴定材料。结果显示,背鳍条和匙骨上未出现轮纹,且星耳石上轮纹密集复杂,无法计数;因此,背鳍条、匙骨和星耳石不适合作为厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄鉴定材料。微耳石磨片轮纹清晰度最高,同一观察者2次年龄读数间的吻合率(CR)最高(84.34%),平均百分比误差(IAPE)最低(1.38%),为厚唇裸重唇鱼最适合的年龄鉴定材料。但是,微耳石重量尚不能直接用于厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄估算。此外,脊椎骨与微耳石磨片的年龄读数差异较小(CR: 96.39%, IAPE: 0.52%),二者相互参照能使厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄鉴定结果更加准确。臀鳞仅适用于厚唇裸重唇鱼低龄个体(≤5龄)的年龄鉴定,鳃盖骨较不适合作为厚唇裸重唇鱼的年龄鉴定材料。研究结果填补了厚唇裸重唇鱼在年龄鉴定方面的研究空白,并为后续厚唇裸重唇鱼在生长、摄食、繁殖特性等基础生物学研究方面提供了可靠的年龄鉴定材料。 相似文献
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大宁河红尾副鳅年龄与生长的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用耳石、脊椎骨对2006年10月至2007年11月采自大宁河的129尾红尾副鳅(Paracobitis variegates)的年轮特征进行研究,并对生长情况进行分析。结果显示:低龄脊椎骨钙质沉积不明显,轮纹观察不清楚,耳石轮纹较清楚。红尾副鳅群体由2~6龄共5个龄组组成,体重体长关系为W=1.95×10-4L2.309,耳石直径与体长的关系为L=263.24R+9.03,生长方程为Lt=222.708[1-e-0.092(t+2.162)];Wt=51.399[1-e-0.092(t+2.162)]2.309。结果表明:红尾副鳅体重生长拐点年龄为6.97龄,7龄前后为合理的捕捞时期。 相似文献
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布氏哲罗鲑年龄与生长的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
本文根据鳞片生长环纹的计数,并同鳞片、脊椎骨、鳃盖骨等上的年轮相对照,对4龄内的布氏哲罗娃的年龄与生长进行了研究。其结果摘要如下:(1)布氏哲罗鲑鳞片上的环纹随年龄而变化:每月长出二圈生长环线。鳞片上具有明显的“切割”年轮特征;脊椎骨、鳃盖骨上具有明带与暗带(线)形成的年龄特征。(2)布氏哲罗鲑在4龄内,体长在年龄上的回归方程为L=189.9468t+26.7934(r=0.991,df=35);体重年龄的回归方程为W=6.2451.e~(21219t)(r=0.978,df=35);鳞片半径与年龄的回归方程为R=0.7425t—0.1596(r=0.980,df=35);体重和体长的回归方程为W=6.7717357×10~(-6)L~(3.0740)(r=0.999,df=35);体长与鳞片半径的回归方程为L=251.0540R+71.2288(r=0.991,df=35)。(3)布氏哲罗鲑在4龄内,体长平均年增长为189.95mm;并随年龄增大而下降;生长常数、生长指标、肥满度系数等随年龄增大而增大。 相似文献
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Abstract. A simple technique of grinding eel otoliths (sagittae) for age/growth studies is described. On thin, polished otolith layers the annual growth rings, as well as supernumerary zones formed in fresh water, could be easily distinguished. The described equipment and grinding procedure gave good results on permanent preparations, allowing repeated age-readings. The procedure appears to be applicable to other fish species as well. 相似文献
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南极鱼类年龄与生长研究进展 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
南极鱼类生长相对缓慢,独特的生物学特性使其年龄鉴定较其他海区鱼类更为困难。但考虑到鱼类年龄鉴定是开展渔业资源评估的基础,因此过去一些年来,硬质部位,如鳞片、鳍条(棘)、脊椎骨以及耳石等仍成为南极鱼类的主要鉴龄材料。本文对南极鱼类年龄鉴定的方法和材料进行了总结回顾,将年龄鉴定的方法和材料进行比较,分析各自优缺点。结果显示:(1)对于具鳞的南极鱼类,因鳞片在鱼类生长过程中存在重吸收现象,因而利用鳞片及鳍条(棘)单独鉴龄所得出的结果通常小于耳石的鉴龄结果,缺乏精确性;(2)南极鱼类生活跨度较大,高龄鱼体长频次分布严重重叠,以致无法准确判断其年龄结构;(3)耳石重量法易受到特殊个体影响而误判年龄;(4)因鳍条易损坏,脊椎骨采集较为困难,且许多南极鱼类无鳞,目前大多数南极鱼类使用耳石鉴定年龄,其也成为目前最为精准的南极鱼类鉴龄方法,但同时利用鳞片和耳石重量等对鉴定结果进行验证;(5)南极鱼类尚存在无统一的鉴龄标准、人为主观性较强以及缺乏早期生活史研究等不足之处;(6)为了研究南极鱼类早期生活史,耳石微化学及微结构等方法将被广泛利用。 相似文献
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Streptococcus iniae and Gyrodactylus niloticus are two common pathogens of cultured Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. We studied concurrent infection of tilapia by G. niloticus and S. iniae and evaluated whether parasitism in tilapia with Gyrodactylus increased susceptibility and mortality following immersion infection with S. iniae. Results showed that death mainly occurred in fish with G. niloticus and challenged with S. iniae (G-S group). The accumulative mortality (42.2%) was significantly higher in the G-S group than in fish not infected by the parasite (6.7%), but exposed to S. iniae. Bacteriological examination revealed S. iniae from > or =92% of dead or moribund fish challenged with S. iniae. Gyrodactylus not only damaged fish epithelium and provided entry for invasive bacteria but also was found to harbour viable cells of S. iniae for 24 and 72 h. Streptococcus iniae was isolated from 60% and 40% of G. niloticus collected from fish infected by intraperitoneal injection or immersion, respectively, at 24 h post-challenge. The present study confirms that parasitism of tilapia by G. niloticus increased host mortality following exposure to the bacterial pathogen S. iniae. 相似文献
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解剖观察自埃及引进的尼罗尖吻鲈(Lates niloticus L.),对其形态特征做了详细记录,并在养殖过程中对生物学特性做了观察。尼罗尖吻鲈体延长,侧扁;DⅦ~Ⅷ,10~14。前鳃盖下缘有强棘;鳃盖后缘呈锯齿状,有一硬棘。被鳞为栉鳞,中等大小,侧线清晰与体背缘平行,具侧线鳞60~80枚。尾鳍圆滑不分叉。成鱼鱼体银白色,并有暗色条纹,幼鱼背部大多有青黑色斑块,下半部银色。消化道粗短,与体长之比约为0.66。尼罗尖吻鲈是热带种类,肉食性,适宜生长温度为26~32℃,生长速度快,一般2~3年性成熟。 相似文献
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Abstract The suitability of three anatomical structures to determine age and growth of bull trout, Salvelinus confluentus (Suckley), was assessed. Scales and pelvic fin rays collected from recaptured bull trout 96–265 mm TL were used to validate annulus formation and assess the accuracy and precision of back calculation. Ageing precision and agreement of assigned ages were compared among scales, fin rays and otoliths from bull trout 52–711 mm TL. Annulus formation was validated for 88% (14 of 16 fish) of recaptured bull trout using pelvic fin rays and 68% using scales (15 of 22 fish). Annulus formation in fin rays occurred between late April to early June, and the hyaline (non-growth) band began forming in late August. Back-calculated length was not significantly different from measured length at initial capture either for fin rays or scales ( P ≥ 0.19), and absolute percent error was 7.2 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE; n = 14) for fin rays and 8.7 ± 1.9 ( n = 15) for scales. Consistency of back-calculated lengths at age between tag and recapture samples for individual fish was similar for fin rays (mean absolute difference = 8.2% ± 0.9; n = 33) and scales (9.4% ± 1.4; n = 40). However, fin rays (87% precision) and otoliths (90%) provided notably higher ageing precision than scales (68%) and closer agreement of assigned ages, particularly for fish older than age 4. Pelvic fin rays appear to offer more accurate and precise age and growth determinations than scales and a non-lethal alternative to otoliths, but further work is needed to validate the accuracy and precision of ageing large, migratory bull trout. 相似文献
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Hongjian Lü Andrew Chapelsky Zhixin Zhang Ruijiao Li Wanxiu Rao Mei Fu 《Fisheries Science》2017,83(5):767-776
Calcein (CAL) from 50 to 250 mg/l and alizarin complexone (ALC) from 100 to 300 mg/l were used for double immersion marking of juvenile qingbo Spinibarbus sinensis. With the exception of the scales, double immersion for 24 h produced detectable double marks in otoliths (sagittas and asterisci), barbs, fin rays (dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal), and fin spines (dorsal, pectoral, ventral, and anal) after 90 days in a laboratory growth experiment. Green fluorescent rings produced by CAL were considerably closer to the inside of the bony structures (including otoliths, barbs, fin rays, and fin spines) than red fluorescent rings produced by ALC. Sagittas, asterisci, and barbs showed acceptable fluorescent marks at higher concentrations (250 mg/l CAL and ≥ 200 mg/l ALC, ≥ 200 mg/l CAL and 300 mg/l ALC, 150–250 mg/l CAL and 250–300 mg/l ALC, respectively). Fin rays and fin spines treated by 200 mg/l CAL and 250 mg/l ALC and 250 mg/l CAL and 300 mg/l ALC simultaneously had both acceptable CAL and ALC marks. There was no statistically significant difference on the survival or growth of marked fish compared to the controls throughout the experiment (p > 0.05). The results suggest that double immersion with CAL and ALC is suitable for double mass-marking of juvenile S. sinensis, and these double marks are useful in the experimental development of biological research or restocking methodologies. 相似文献
18.
Abstract – We used laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry line scans to determine the elemental composition of otoliths, pectoral fin rays and scales of Arctic grayling. Elemental signatures of otoliths and pectoral fin rays effectively provide life-history information on individual fish, important for management of grayling, and potentially all freshwater teleosts. Bulk elemental signatures measured in the otoliths and fin rays were highly correlated to the stream chemistries where the fish were captured. A surprising result of this study was that fin rays showed the strongest relationship with water chemistry for strontium. Scale strontium concentrations were not correlated to water chemistries suggesting that other physiological mechanisms, or remobilisation, may be influencing the deposition of trace elements within scales. Linear discriminant function analyses for otolith and fin ray elemental signatures (and intriguingly also for scales) separated fish from different rivers for all three structures; thus, this technique can be used effectively as a means to discriminate origin of capture. 相似文献