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1.
大豆黄酮对肉仔鸡生长相关激素水平与免疫机能的影响   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
将640只1日龄艾维茵肉鸡公母分养,分别随机分为4组,分别饲喂添加大豆黄酮0、5、10、15mg/kg的4种饲粮,于试验28、49d采血和屠宰,探讨了日粮中添加不同水平大豆黄酮对肉仔鸡生长相关激素水平及免疫机能的影响。结果显示,日粮中添加大豆黄酮28、49d,均可显著提高公鸡血清生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、睾酮(TESTO)的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著降低公鸡血清尿素氮水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),而对母鸡血清GH、IGF-1、尿素氮水平无明显影响;添加大豆黄酮49d,显著提高公鸡T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率(P<0.05或P<0.01),添加大豆黄酮28d,显著提高公鸡NDV抗体效价(P<0.05),而对母鸡无明显影响(P>0.05);添加大豆黄酮28、49d,对公母鸡免疫器官重量有增加的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

2.
大豆黄酮对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
本试验选用240只1日龄健康艾维茵肉鸡,公母分养,分别随机分为4个组,即对照组和3个试验组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别添加5mg/kg、10mg/kg、15mg/kg的大豆黄酮。试验分两个阶段饲养,即0～28日龄,29～49日龄。试验结果表明,肉鸡日粮中添加大豆黄酮可显著增加肉公鸡的平均体增重、饲料利用率及均日采食量,并以试验Ⅱ组(添加10mg/kg)生产性能指标最高,两阶段平均体增重分别提高18.88%(P<0.01)和11.66%(P<0.01),饲料利用率分别提高8.21%(P<0.05)和9.99%(P<0.05),均日采食量较对照组均显著提高(P<0.05),但各试验组之间差异不明显(P>0.05)。且试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组较对照组死亡率降低,而试验Ⅲ组死亡率极显著升高,而对肉母鸡生产性能无显著影响。  相似文献   

3.
本试验旨在研究苜蓿多糖对不同性别肉仔鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响。选取468只1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组12个重复(公母各6个重复),每个重复13只鸡。组1为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,组2、组3分别在基础饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖,试验期42 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,1)饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡的平均体重、平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、屠宰率、腿肌率和腹脂率均无显著影响(P0.05),但显著提高了母鸡全净膛率和胸肌率(P0.05),且添加2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖显著提高了公鸡胸肌率(P0.05)。2)1 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组(即组2)公鸡胸肌p H45 min显著提高(P0.05),公鸡和母鸡胸肌滴水损失率和公鸡胸肌蒸煮损失率显著降低(P0.05);2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组(即组3)公鸡和母鸡胸肌滴水损失率和公鸡胸肌蒸煮损失率显著降低(P0.05)。1 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组公鸡和母鸡腿肌滴水损失率和母鸡腿肌剪切力显著降低(P0.05),母鸡腿肌p H24 h显著提高(P0.05);2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组母鸡腿肌滴水损失率和剪切力显著降低(P0.05)。3)1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组21日龄公鸡血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著提高(P0.05),2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组35和42日龄母鸡血清T-AOC显著提高(P0.05),2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组28日龄公鸡和母鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P0.05),1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖组21和35日龄母鸡血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性显著提高(P0.05),但饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡血清中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响(P0.05);此外,饲粮中添加1 000和2 000 mg/kg苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡肝脏和胸肌中T-AOC、GSH-Px和T-SOD活性及MDA含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。综上,饲粮中添加苜蓿多糖对公鸡和母鸡的生长性能无显著影响,但能够改善公鸡和母鸡的屠宰性能、肉品质和血清抗氧化性能,且苜蓿多糖的适宜添加量为1 000mg/kg。  相似文献   

4.
日粮中添加3mg/kg大豆黄酮分别饲喂产蛋初期和产蛋后期绍兴鸭,观察其对产蛋性能、血清GH、IGP-1和E2水平的影响.结果表明,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮显著降低绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重,饲料转化率下降,并伴随有血清GH水平显著降低.相反,产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮,绍兴鸭产蛋率和平均蛋重均显著增加,血清GH水平也明显提高.无论在产蛋初期还是后期添加大豆黄酮对血清IGF-1和E2水平均无显著影响.结果表明,产蛋初期添加大豆黄酮对绍兴鸭的产蛋性能具有抑制作用,而产蛋后期添加大豆黄酮可以促进绍兴鸭的产蛋性能,血清生长激素水平的相应变化提示GH可能是大豆黄酮作用途径的一个环节.  相似文献   

5.
类黄酮对肉仔鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  
选择健康、体重接近21日龄商品代AA肉鸡540只 ,按照2×5试验设计方法 ,随机分为9个处理组 ,每组3个重复 ,每个重复20只 ,公母各半。1组饲喂基础日粮 ,2、3、4、5组分别饲喂基础日粮 +5、10、20、40mg/kg山楂叶黄酮 ,6、7、8、9组饲喂基础日粮 +5、10、20、40mg/kg大豆黄酮 ,试验35天 ,观测添加山楂叶黄酮、大豆黄酮对肉仔鸡脂质代谢及内分泌的影响。结果表明 :(1)日粮添加黄酮可显著提高4～8周肉鸡饲料转化率 (P<0.01) ,4～8周添加5、10mg/kg 黄酮可显著提高饲料转化率 (P<0.01) ;山楂叶黄酮添加组鸡饲料转化率高于大豆黄酮组 (P=0.057)。从添加黄酮对肉鸡饲料转化率的影响看 ,4～8周肉鸡日粮中以添加5mg/kg 黄酮最为适宜。(2)日粮添加黄酮21天 ,各黄酮添加水平均可显著降低血清TC、TG、LDL—C水平 (P<0.05或0.01) ,显著提高HDL -C水平 (P<0.05)。其中山楂叶黄酮对TC的下降作用显著大于大豆黄酮 (P<0.05) ,山楂叶黄酮对雌肉鸡的降LDL—C作用大于公肉鸡。日粮添加黄酮35天 ,各组鸡血清TC水平均显著低于对照组 (P<0.01) ,血清HDL—C水平都显著高于对照组 (P<0.01) ,各组之间无显著差异 ,而对TG、LDL—C无显著影响 (P>0.05)。从添加水平看 ,在降低TG、LDL—C水平和升高血清HDL—C方面 ,肉鸡日粮中以添加5mg  相似文献   

6.
选取18只32周龄岭南黄公鸡,随机分为3组,每组6只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ与Ⅱ组分别在基础日粮中添加大豆黄酮3mg/kg和6mg/kg。试验期14d。在试验的第10天对公鸡施行急性热应激(39℃,2h;40℃,2h)处理,分别于热应激前1d,热应激后4h、2d采集血样测定甲状腺激素(T3、T4)水平。试验结束时,宰杀公鸡、称睾丸重量并观察其组织学结构。结果表明:日粮中添加3mg/kg的大豆黄酮能显著(P<0.05)增加睾丸曲细精管直径。大豆黄酮对急性热应激公鸡的精子活率、精液密度、各级生精细胞含量、睾丸增重、睾丸重/体重等无显著影响。日粮中添喂3mg/kg和6mg/kg的大豆黄酮可降低急性热应激后公鸡T3、T4水平,但无显著差异。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究甜菜碱添加方式对初产母猪繁殖性能及血清生长激素(GH)、胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量的影响。选取120头体重接近的纯种初产母猪,随机分为3组,每组40头,每个重复1头。从妊娠第3天起至分娩后21d,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,甜菜碱Ⅰ组在基础饲粮中添加1 000mg/kg甜菜碱;甜菜碱Ⅱ组妊娠前109d饲喂基础饲粮,自妊娠第110天至分娩后21d,在基础饲粮中添加2 000mg/kg甜菜碱。结果表明,与对照组相比:1)饲粮添加1 000mg/kg的甜菜碱显著提高了21日龄断奶仔猪数1.73头(P0.05)和断奶窝重22.83%(P0.05),显著或极显著增加了分娩后10和21d血清中GH含量(P0.05或P0.01),极显著增加了妊娠第100天、分娩后10和21d血清中IGF-Ⅰ含量(P0.01)。2)饲粮添加2 000mg/kg的甜菜碱使母猪断奶后7d内断奶-发情间隔显著缩短了1.29d(P0.05),极显著增加了分娩后21d血清GH含量(P0.01)。由此可见,饲粮中添加1 000和2 000mg/kg的甜菜碱均能够提高初产母猪的繁殖性能,其中1 000mg/kg的甜菜碱对血清中GH和IGF-Ⅰ含量的影响更大。  相似文献   

8.
43～63日龄黄羽肉公鸡铜需要量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究旨在通过研究饲粮铜添加水平对黄羽肉公鸡生长性能、抗氧化性能、肝脏和血清铜含量等的影响,以探讨43~63日龄黄羽肉公鸡铜的需要量。选用43日龄健康、发育良好的快大型岭南黄羽肉公鸡900只,根据体重随机分为6个组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡,组1(对照组)为基础饲粮组(铜水平为2.74 mg/kg),组2~6饲粮在基础饲粮中分别添加4、8、16、32、64 mg/kg铜。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,16和32 mg/kg铜组显著提高试鸡末重、平均日增重和平均日采食量(P<0.05),饲粮中铜添加水平对料重比无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,16和32 mg/kg铜组血清铜锌-超氧化物歧化酶(Cu Zn-SOD)活性显著升高(P<0.05),32和64 mg/kg铜组肝脏Cu Zn-SOD活性显著升高(P<0.05),饲粮铜添加水平对胸肌中Cu ZnSOD活性无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮添加32和64 mg/kg铜显著降低了胸肌丙二醛(M DA)含量(P<0.05),各组间血清和肝脏MDA含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);添加16、32、64 mg/kg铜显著降低了血清铜蓝蛋白活性(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,8、16 mg/kg铜组肝脏铜含量显著降低(P<0.05),铜添加水平对血清铜含量和肝脏金属硫蛋白含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。综合考虑各项指标,为获得较好生长性能和抗氧化性能,43~63日龄黄羽肉公鸡饲粮铜适宜添加水平分别为16和32 mg/kg,加上基础饲粮铜水平为2.74 mg/kg,则该阶段黄羽肉公鸡铜需要量分别为18.74和34.74 mg/kg;以生长性能和肝脏Cu Zn-SOD活性为依据,通过折线回归分析估测得到43~63日龄黄羽肉公鸡铜需要量分别为19.94和38.34 mg/kg。  相似文献   

9.
选用1日龄湘黄鸡240羽,随机分为5个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复12只鸡,Ⅳ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加300mg/kg、600 mg/kg和900mg/kg的大豆低聚糖,Ⅴ组为抗生素添加组,以研究大豆低聚糖对湘黄鸡血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:日粮中添加大豆低聚糖对试验末期湘黄鸡血液生化指标有不同程度的影响。其中总蛋白含量有所升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);日粮中添加大豆低聚糖可以降低血清中尿素氮的含量,各试验组分别比对照组降低了20.27%、37.47%、31.17%,但未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。各试验组血糖含量有所升高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组血清中总胆固醇含量分别降低了10.56%、23.67%、14.66%,但均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

10.
选用384只1日龄AA肉用雏,公母各半,按体重随机分成4个处理组,每个处理组设8个重复,每个重复12只鸡,研究在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中添加锌水平分别为40mg/kg、80mg/kg、120mg/kg和160mg/kg对1~21日龄肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。结果表明:不同锌水平间各个日龄对肉仔鸡体增重、平均日增重、耗料量的影响均差异不显著(P>0.05),只有对仔鸡料重比的影响在7日龄差异极显著(P<0.01),14日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),21日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05);不同性别间对肉仔鸡体增重、平均日增重在7日龄和21日龄时差异极显著(P<0.01),14日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),但对仔鸡耗料量的影响在7日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05),14日龄时差异显著(P<0.05),21日龄时差异极显著(P<0.01);对料重比的影响在7日龄时差异极显著(P<0.01),14日龄和21日龄时差异不显著(P>0.05)。公鸡平均日增重、体增重、耗料重均大于母鸡,只有公鸡的料重比总体小于母鸡。研究结果表明,当锌水平在80~120mg/kg时能更好的促进肉仔鸡的生长发育。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

14.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

16.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

17.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

18.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.  相似文献   

20.
Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.  相似文献   

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