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通过对“浙农大１号”和５个黑蜂品种以二苯碳酸二肼作显色剂及５个黑蜂品种和Ｅａ正反杂交组合工蜂咽下腺小囊数的解剖学研究，再次证实了工蜂咽下腺小囊数与蜂群的王浆产量呈一定程度的正相关。试验中还发现，以Ｅａ为父本的杂交组合工蜂的咽下腺小囊数要以比Ｅａ为母本的多，说明父本对Ｆ１代工蜂咽下腺小囊数的影响程度要超过母本。因此，在选育王浆高产蜂种时必须充分对父本的选择。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2012,(10)
<正>试验旨在研究不同蛋白质日粮对浙农大1号意蜂产浆期生产性能、蜂王浆成分和工蜂咽下腺发育的影响。选择15群群势相当的浙农大1号意蜂,按试验要求随机分为2个试验组和1个对照组,每组5群蜂,每群为1个重复,试验组分别饲喂蛋白质水平为20%(20%P)和30%(30%P)的全价人工配合日粮,对照组饲喂油菜花粉,测定各群采食量、蜂王浆产量、王台接受率、蜂王浆成 相似文献
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本文对浙农大１号意蜂（Ｅ_ａ）和本地意蜂（Ｅ_ｂ）的工蜂、蜂王、雄蜂的发育时龄（从卵到成虫羽化）进行了研究。其结果是：Ｅ_ａ和Ｅ_ｂ的平均发育时龄，工蜂分别为５０４．７和５０６．８小时，蜂王分别为３８７．５和３９５．５小时，雄蜂分别为５８１．５和５８５．６小时。Ｅ_ａ和Ｅ_ｂ三型蜂的发育时龄均存有差异，Ｅ_ａ的工蜂、蜂王、雄蜂发育时龄分别比Ｅ_ｂ缩短２．１、８．０和４．１小时。此外，还发现受精卵的胚胎发育比未受精卵快。 相似文献
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本文从观察中华蜜蜂（Ａｐｉｓｃｅｒａｎａｃｅｒａｎａ）１～１４日龄各龄工蜂进入王台哺育蜂王幼虫的次数和研究３～１２日龄工蜂王浆腺的重量着手，对中蜂适龄泌浆蜂进行了研究。研究结果显示：中蜂６～８日龄工蜂为适龄泌浆蜂。据此，我们认为：在中蜂生产蜂王浆期间应采取相应的饲养管理措施，培育和维持大量的６～８日龄工蜂，以提高蜂王浆的产量。 相似文献
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王浆高产蜜蜂和意大利蜜蜂工蜂蛹期生长发育研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过比较王浆高产蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L,浆蜂）和意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L）工蜂蛹期的生长发育过程,结果发现浆蜂和意蜂的工蜂蛹体重和头重随着日龄的增长均极显著降低（p〈0．001）;各日龄浆蜂工蜂蛹的体重和头重均极显著高于意蜂蛹体重和头重（P〈0．001）;浆蜂工蜂蛹体重随日龄变化回归曲线为：y=69．85555＋11．7309x-0．4261x^2,决定系数R^2=9975;意蜂工蜂蛹体重随日龄变化回归曲线为：y=75．3093＋9．5603x-0．36069x^2,决定系数R^2=0．9951;浆蜂工蜂蛹头重随日龄变化回归曲线为：y=52．4847＋104846x-0．3564x^2,决定系数R^2=0．9964;意蜂工蜂蛹头重随日龄变化回归曲线为：y=55．9616＋10．6083x-03547x^2,决定系数R^2=0．9948。由此可见：（1）浆蜂虽然经过多年选育产浆性状发生了变化,但是工蜂蛹期生长发育曲线与意蜂基本吻合;（2）各日龄浆蜂工蜂蛹期头重均显著高于意蜂,这可能是浆蜂产浆量提高后,头部分泌王浆的腺体产生变化所引起的。 相似文献
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意大利蜂王浆生产性能遗传标记研究进展（综述） 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文抉从工蜂的头重（外部形态）、咽下腺小囊数（解剖学形态）、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶蛋白质分子水平）指标与王浆产量的关系，寻找与王浆产量相前程度高的遗传标志，为蜜蜂王浆高产蜂种的选育提供新的选育手段，提高育种效率。采用分子生物学技术，分析与王浆产量相前的ＤＮＡ分产的遗传标记。 相似文献
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浙农大１号意蜂生产性能介绍林雪珍，胡福良浙农大１号意蜂品种（Ｂａ）原名浙农大Ａ系是１９９３年７月通过省、部级鉴定的。鉴定委员会专家是根据浙农大１号意蜂的王浆生产性能和生物学、组织学、细胞学以及生物化学等方面的比较，充分表明其与本地意蜂有着显著差异后，... 相似文献
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本试验研究了意大利工头部腺体营养腺，上颚腺和头唾腺的形态结构以及随工蜂日蜂日龄改变腺体变化的规律。结果表明，工蜂羽化后，在各个日龄段随其职能分工的不同，营养腺的形态结构有相应的变化，要经历发育－饱满发达－萎缩的阶段。营养腺分泌细胞中粗面内质网与日龄改变关系最密切。上鄂腺从工蜂出房时已基本发育完成，大小无明显的改变。头唾腺从工蜂出房后随其日龄增长而不断增大，外勤蜂后腺泡饱满发达。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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Billinghurst RC Brama PA van Weeren PR Knowlton MS McIlwraith CW 《American journal of veterinary research》2004,65(2):143-150
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis. 相似文献